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impression was correct, you thought over the answer and then gave a figure finally of two to three million, is that true, that you gave that figure? AYes, I believe so. I don't know. It was just an estimate. QYou are anticipating. I merely wanted to know whether you said two to throe million? AYes. QNow, what evidence ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,250,000 | 2,250,500 |
point. That is, what veterans of World War 1914-1918 were to be exempted from euthanasia. I would like a very clear, precise answer. A.These were to be exempted in whose cases the insanity was the result of any injury incurred during the World War, regardless of whether it was a brain injury or any other type of injury... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,250,450 | 2,250,950 |
19371938. That was camp Oranienburg. That was the only time. Q.Than in answer to the question of the President you stated that in the various discussions and preliminaries before euthanasia was introduced you were told that the reason and the motive for euthanasia, or rather you felt that the reason and motive for euth... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,250,900 | 2,251,400 |
case of the Franz child settled." Witness, again an answer to the question of the Tribunal as to why Jews were to be exempted from euthanasia you stated that euthanasia was considered a benefit which should not be given to Jews. Was that your personal opinion or was that the distorted opinion of Hitler? A.That is what ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,251,350 | 2,251,850 |
intentions without any interference. THE PRESIDENT:May I hear from defense counsel. DR.TIPP (Defense Counsel for the defendant Becker-Freyseng): I will be grateful, Mr. President, if the Tribunal should take notice of this decision of the prosecution and should ask the General Secretary to make this decision today, and... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,251,800 | 2,252,300 |
have concluded their cases I may continue to submit evidence, perhaps affidavits, to clarify that "Aktion", because I am interested in having even the slightest suspicion of the defendant Brack, on the basis of these documents, refuted. THE PRESIDENT:The Tribunal grants the permission requested by counsel. DR. HOCHWALD... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,252,250 | 2,252,750 |
question of the prosecutor just indicated, if I understood it correctly, that you were convinced of the complete inefficiency of your sterilization suggestion? AI believe I explained clearly that I was convinced that the suggestions could not be carried out in practice. QThe prosecutor also asked you, referring to the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,252,700 | 2,253,200 |
understand things or grasp things, there was a fight; but there were many things I really didn't understand, and didn't fight about them. Q.Witness, finally I should like to ask you the most fundamental question resulting from the cross-examination; were you convinced of the legality of Hitler's Decree of 1st September... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,253,150 | 2,253,650 |
institution, or their original institution. That depended on how long the euthanasia doctor needed to observe the individual patent in order to form his own conclusion, because it was he who had the final responsibility. Q.Would there be as many as 100 of these persons in the group of buildings at one time? A.There wer... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,253,600 | 2,254,100 |
COURT (Continued) BY THE PRESIDENT: Q.Witness; I have one more question. He understand that you have testified that you were not familiar with the station Hadamar; but do you know whether or that euthanasia station was; generally speaking; constructed and operated along the same lines as the other stations? A.I would a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,254,050 | 2,254,550 |
knowledge which , after all, you had, wouldn't you have to have considered it probable that one actually could sterilize human beings by means of X-rays? A.I should like to correct you. I had no medical knowledge. However, I could rely upon the information given to me by a physician whom I considered to be reliable and... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,254,500 | 2,255,000 |
experiments, and furthermore was not involved in the murder of 50-60,000 insane persons, but that it could only have been - and was - euthanasia. That is all I have to say and I should now like to conclude my case. THE PRESIDENT:The affidavit which you omitted from Document Book 1 was Brack Document 3? DR. FROESCHMANN:... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,254,950 | 2,255,450 |
the English translation. I think that is the best solution. THE PRESIDENT:Will you now ask the interpreters to give the English explanation of the words? DR. TIPP:Gladly. Will the interpreter please explain how he thinks "Referent" and "Referat" should be translated? THE INTERPRETER:Certainly, Your Honor. The word "Ref... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,255,400 | 2,255,900 |
explained to the Tribunal and for the record. MR. HARDY:Your Honor, that of course does not prejudice the right of the prosecution to maintain that the Referent is the chief of a department, I presume. TEE PRESIDENT:If counsel for the prosecution contends that it is the proper translation of the word, the prosecution m... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,255,850 | 2,256,350 |
for aviation Medicine. My position as Referent I retained until 8 May 1945. Q.Did you yourself apply for this position in the Reich Aviation Ministry, witness, or do you know in what manner you were assigned to that position? I am asking you, not for what purpose but in what manner. A.No, I don't know. Q.At any rate, y... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,256,300 | 2,256,800 |
authority in Berlin, the magistrate of the city of Berlin, asked me to attend such a course, but I never did that. Q.You were telling us before that you wanted to become a lecturer, and it is Known that lecturers would have to go through a political camp in order to get their political training. Did you participate in ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,256,750 | 2,257,250 |
trial it looks as if the entire aviation medicine was only designed to work for the German air force, it looks now as though this entire science from a practical point of view served for the preparation of the war. Would you please tell us something about that? AAviation Medicine as such was carried on in all countries... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,257,200 | 2,257,700 |
did you deal? ADuring the years of 1938 and 1939 I dealt with time research experiments up to 9,000 meters altitude. That is to say, with consequences of a lack of oxygen which suddenly may occur. In the year 1939 to 1940 I dealt with the questions regarding adaptation to high altitude. In that connection the titles 24... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,257,650 | 2,258,150 |
on oath regarding Dr. med. habil. Hermann Benker-Freyseng: "Dr. Hermann Becker-Freyseng worked for some years until 1941 in an established position as an assistant and scientific specialist at the Medical Research Institute for Aviation, Berlin, of which I was the head. I can therefore give information about Becker-Fre... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,258,100 | 2,258,600 |
altitude of 9,000 meters. Through these two experiments it was proved conclusively for the first time that at a certain pressure limit the breathing of pure oxygen for a sufficiently long time is fatal, but that no such danger exists at below this pressure. Since, that time, aviation science all over the whole world kn... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,258,550 | 2,259,050 |
carried these out on himself or on students who volunteered for that purpose. Later, when Dr. Becker-Freyseng was no longer at my clinic, he still carried out experiments on himself. Once he was admitted to my clinic in a serious condition, occasioned by an experiment on his own person. This is the same experiment whic... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,259,000 | 2,259,500 |
this sort into evidence inasmuch as it doesn't carry the certificate or notary's signature or is not in the proper form here. THE PRESIDENT:Counsel for the prosecution having stipulated certain facts - the only facts covered by the letter, it is the ruling of the Tribunal that the stipulation of counsel is ample to dov... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,259,450 | 2,259,950 |
he know him very well, and I shall quote the last paragraph on the first page: "With regard to science, Becker-Freyseng always maintained a completely ethical attitude towards the question of human experiments. During our collaboration, he acted as we all did, and tried out every seemingly dangerous experiment first on... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,259,900 | 2,260,400 |
rest. It describes how BeckerFreyseng was appointed in the Medical Inspectorate. He says that Becker-Freyseng complained because ho didn't have time to perform his own experiments, and then he speaks of the defendant's political views. Follows signature and the customary certificate. I believe, witness, your activity h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,260,350 | 2,260,850 |
medical action and medical responsibility. There is no doubt that the doctor is primarily obligated to help the patient who asks him for aid, and there is no doubt either that the doctor as a research workers has the obligation to work on the progress of medicine and to find new ways and means of treating the individua... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,260,800 | 2,261,300 |
to 1918 he worked on the problem of poison bullets by order of his Government. Of course, the doctor and the research workers, beyond the narrow framework of his patients has an obligation to the community in which he is placed by fate. As a witness who is certainly not suspected of Naziism, I may say the Swiss Psychia... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,261,250 | 2,261,750 |
given specialized treatment, while they were sick, so were Arnims famous experimental subjects. Klausen in Hawaii actually contracted true lepra. Smith and Fay in the United States and Eltorm in Denmark carried out their experiments, cold treatment with rectal temperatures up to 24 degrees celsius on cancer patients, a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,261,700 | 2,262,200 |
trial here. I believe that everyone who seriously deals with this problem, especially anyone who performs dangerous self-experiments on the problem as a Doctor must come to the conclusion that the point of view of completely rejecting human experiments does not help at all. QWitness, I have the impression that you have... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,262,150 | 2,262,650 |
and which has been repeatedly quoted by the Prosecution and that it has been set up in a way as the binding fundamental law for all branches of medi cine; now I am a lawyer, not a doctor and I had little to say against this point of view of the prosecution and was quite astonished to hear some time ago on a program bro... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,262,600 | 2,263,100 |
witness, which in Germany prohibited and furnished abortion and permitted it merely for medical reasons? A.Yes, that is what I meant. If this struggle is being carried on today passionately and as the article of "Nurnbergernachrichten" of the 18 January 1947 shows, is carried out publicly, an advocator of paragraph 218... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,263,050 | 2,263,550 |
be given to the matter here. Those are the three conditions which I consider necessary. JUDGE SEBRING:I didn't understand your last words, he named three conditions. I didn't get them. I didn't understand the last one. WITNESS:In the third place, the execution of the experiment must strictly conform to rules applied to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,263,500 | 2,264,000 |
is now in session. God save the United States of America and this honorable Tribunal. There will be order in the courtroom. THE PRESIDENT:Mr. Marshal, you ascertain if the defendants are all present in court. THE MARSHAL:May it please your Honor, all defendants are present in court. THE PRESIDENT:The Secretary-General ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,263,950 | 2,264,450 |
in the session of the 12th of December 1947, in the English record, page 309, designated you as Chief of the Department of Aviation Medicine with the Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe. Accordingly, you are to have occupied a leading position in research work. You had the key position in the air medical rese... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,264,400 | 2,264,900 |
the details a little later. Now we are talking about the structure of this office and you were just saying that the lowest branches were the referats, which were combined in the departments and at the head of each there was a departmental chief; would you please continue. AYes.Above these two departmental chiefs, or th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,264,850 | 2,265,350 |
ho acted in collaboration with me. I, therefore, do not believe that he really wanted to express any such general opinion. QOne further question, witness, you were saying that in your opinion Professor Schaefer did not mean that you were then research consultant in all medical question; in your position as referat from... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,265,300 | 2,265,800 |
expected from the referat - perhaps many of those material views. QIf I understand you correctly, witness, the referat so-called delivered to the medical chief, the so-called technical equipment and he dealt with all the technical preparations for any decisions that had to be made, whereas the consulting physician made... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,265,750 | 2,266,250 |
we are here again and I must frankly admit from the explanation we have this morning I am confused. I knew what referent was and I knew whet referat was and I don't know now and I am going to ask the Tribunal if they will ask the translation department for an interpretation of it and to study the difference between the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,266,200 | 2,266,700 |
inserted. Of course, he couldn't do that today but he would do it within a few days and in this manner it would reach some amount of clarification. THE PRESIDENT:The defendant, Becker Freysent, may when he can, prepare this sketch which has been suggested and present it to the Tribunal and I think the Tribunal has quit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,266,650 | 2,267,150 |
I always addressed Anthony with the words "Herr Professor" and it was quite natural that Anthony was working on a large field within the referat independently and only entrusted me with various tasks within that sphere or rather had orders given to me by my departmental chief. My personal relationship towards him was g... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,267,100 | 2,267,600 |
this suggestion been adopted at that time Dr. Schaefer and Dr. Beiglboock at least would not be sitting in this deck. This suggestion of mine was rejected by my departmental chief. Q.Mr. President, in connection with latter point I shall be in a position to submit an affidavit by Professor Dr. Knode the chief of the th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,267,550 | 2,268,050 |
been an assistant referent from August 1941 until 1944. and that you were a referent from May 1944 until the collapse of the German Wehrmacht. Would you now tell us what your tasks were as an assistant referent? A.As an assistant referent I was entrusted with a number of detail tasks which came up within the referat fo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,268,000 | 2,268,500 |
departmental chief or the referat how the Haagen research order was proceeding and since he received the reply that one would have to wait until Anthony returned, it is, of course, absolutely possible that I gave them that information at that time. Of course, after four years have elapsed, I can no longer remember all ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,268,450 | 2,268,950 |
resulted from air accidents and, in particular, in the case of high altitude accidents. Questions arose in connection with the so-called physiology of the senses; for instance, night-sight, space-sight, or the special demands made on the person's hearing or the inference of the noise of the motor to any one person's he... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,268,900 | 2,269,400 |
received suggestions, reports about experiences, requests, etc., which were dealt with at the referat. These suggestions were either passed on or were realized in the form of directives, directed to troops, army physicians, research institutes, or hospitals. In addition, of course, there were connections with the civil... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,269,350 | 2,269,850 |
such advantages, I received no decorations, I received no higher salary and I received no higher rank and let me add that was not customary at all. QNow, I would like to clarify one further point with you, the so-called technical aviation research: what connections were there between the referat or the medical inspecto... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,269,800 | 2,270,300 |
month a so-called aviation experience report and these aviation experience reports were sent to the medical inspectorate in the original along with comments of the people on the way. Since at that time there were three hundred to four hundred flying units - so-called groups - there arrived a similar number of these avi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,270,250 | 2,270,750 |
working on the rebuilding of the low pressure chamber and working on these experience reports were the only two fields that were assigned to you, as larger independent fields, as long as you were an assistant referent, is that correct? A.Yes. Q.According to that then, the fields that played a decisive role in this tria... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,270,700 | 2,271,200 |
That was the aviation research institute in Berlin and the institutes for aviation medicine in Hamburg, Munich, and Freiburg, and the medical training department in Jueterbog. Then there was a group of aviation medicine institutes that were not subordinate to the chief of the medical service of the Luftwaffe, including... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,271,150 | 2,271,650 |
war there was the difficulty of retaining our scientific personnel and to receive the necessary material, even if we had the financial means to obtain it, because we couldn't get a high enough priority, and, of course, during the war most of this stuff went to military departments and institutes. Now, the institutes of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,271,600 | 2,272,100 |
the whole, were purely basic research, the applicability of which to practical questions during the was neither considered nor expected to be very likely. This was a sort of research that had been and would have been carried on daring peace time as well. 40 assignments, that is 35 % of the whole, concerned the collecti... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,272,050 | 2,272,550 |
The remaining 17% of the assignments went to younger associates in the institutes who, however, had all of them been active for years in scientific fields. I believe, one will admit that supervising of these scientists, checking on them and some of them were very difficult persons to deal with, would have been a very d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,272,500 | 2,273,000 |
all, we didn't have the time because the research assignments were only one part of our total work. Everyone of us, of course, in the fields in which we were specialists could have carried out a supervision with success, but not in a specialized fieldin which we had not worked ourselves or in which we had no specialize... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,272,950 | 2,273,450 |
usually approval for certain financial support far the research and, from 1943 on, dates were set for brief reports on the progress of the work. These reports wore treated in a very generous fashion not only by the Medical Inspectorate but by the research men themselves. It could be relied on that when the research wor... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,273,400 | 2,273,900 |
my activities at the Aero Medical Center in Heidelberg I again had opportunity to see the communications from the Chief of the Medical Inspectorate in the field of aviation medicine. Among the twenty-five research reports there were only four or five, at the most, that were indicated as secret. In addition, there are t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,273,850 | 2,274,350 |
book page 16. This is a question of pa e a question finding a research professorship for Dr. Ruff and although this is a question involving only the personnel department this letter, because it concerned the research professorship is carried under File No. 55. Had this letter come to the medical Inspectorate, for examp... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,274,300 | 2,274,800 |
TIPP:Mr. President, in this connection I had intended to put on a number of documents -- documents regarding the entire research problem. That is to say, the assignment of this research; the form, contents, the supervision, etc. Unfortunately I received these documents so late that they are in Becker-Freysing Document ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,274,750 | 2,275,250 |
to whether they will be put on the stand or you will use an affidavit? DR. GAWLIK:Yes, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT:Counsel for the Defendant Hoven having requested that Defendant Hoven be excused from attendance before the Tribunal tomorrow in order that his counsel may consult with him concerning his defense, the req... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,275,200 | 2,275,700 |
quote from figure 4 on the 2nd page: "I did not subject myself to any supervision by the Medical Inspectorate by the assignment of tho research commission and its acceptance. The research assignment gave me absolute latitude regard the method of execution and the choice of the meansof research. I was only obliged to gi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,275,650 | 2,276,150 |
Anthony had given to him before his departure. Among those files there were the first proposals for the cold meeting which was planned for the fall of 1942, including the first proposals about the participants and the intended lectures. There were a number of changes made by the department chief on this list, and among... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,276,100 | 2,276,600 |
of special permission given by Hitler and Himmler, if I remember correctly, and who had to volunteer. It was my impression at that time that we were only concerned with a very limited number of people and certain vary specific cases. QThen Rascher spoke of criminals who were to become experimental subjects? AYes. QDid ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,276,550 | 2,277,050 |
as all the others of which I already knew at that time. I know that no objection had been raised to their legality or admissibility. In addition I was told that the criminals were to volunteer. I know that a special examination was necessary, and that special permission would be given. Furthermore, I did not hear about... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,277,000 | 2,277,500 |
enough physicians who are ready to perform such experiments, and that apparently no one in the world raises any objections to such experiments. QLet us now go back, witness, to Dr. Rascher; when did you see Dr. Rascher for the second time? AI saw Rascher for the second time on the occasion of the Nurnberg cold meeting ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,277,450 | 2,277,950 |
do not want to discuss all those documents with you, witness, which were submitted by the Prosecution in that connection; they show no connection with the Luftwaffe, apart from two exceptions. These two exceptions which I just mentioned arc in connection with aviation medical research, and for that reason I must ask yo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,277,900 | 2,278,400 |
about Rascher's plans? AI can say that there was never an institute for aviation medicine at Marburg and that I knew nothing of Rascher's plans in this connection. QMr. President, in that connection I offer as an exhibit Becker-Freyseng document No. 21 on page 89 of document Book 1. This will become Exhibit No. 8. This... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,278,350 | 2,278,850 |
his membership in the SS, about which much mention has been made here? A.No, I knew nothing in particular about that. I only knew, and I heard it during Hippke's conversation with Rascher, that Rascher was speaking about his good relations with Heinrich Himmler. Q.How was it, witness, that a man who obviously had close... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,278,800 | 2,279,300 |
of a letter to Field Marshal Milch, and this supplement prompts me to discuss this document with you. In the original, it is said, that the high-altitude experiments are to be continued and Sievers writes that the low-pressure chamber will be required, and in the attached supplement to Field Marshal Milch, there is the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,279,250 | 2,279,750 |
13 December 1942, in which Rascher, who at that time was a Stabsarzt in the Luftwaffe, is entrusted with the execution of realistic low-pressure chamber experiments. Furthermore, he is entrusted with experiments for re-warming after freezing. The other points are not important in this connection. Since we are clearly h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,279,700 | 2,280,200 |
show that. Moreover, Professor Hippke speaks so unmistakably of himself in this letter that it is perfectly clear that he had personally worked on everything mentioned in this letter. QNow, witness, in connection with Dr. Rascher, a further document, also from Document Book III, page 133 in the English. This is Rascher... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,280,150 | 2,280,650 |
like to bring up another question that is important in the whole question of experiments, to wit, those questions that concern concentration camps experiments. Let me ask first of all, did you ever visit concentration camps before May 1944? ANo, nor did I visit one subsequently. QAs you know, witness, you viere in the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,280,600 | 2,281,100 |
sources, one from a school comrade who was a member of the Communist Party and was put in a concentration camp, namely Dachau, for a few years shortly after 1933 and after 1936 or 1937 was set free. He got another job and was inducted into the Army at the beginning of the War. Since he now again occupies a position in ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,281,050 | 2,281,550 |
out of this document to you, from the second paragraph. The Reichsfuehrer SS writes here that he takes personal responsibility for the high altitude experiments and specifically takes responsibility for using associal individuals and criminals who deserve to die from concentration camps for these experiments. Now, witn... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,281,500 | 2,282,000 |
#2, in which Dr. Brandt tells Rascher that the inmates are available for the high-altitude experiments. These letters have nothing to do with the Medical Inspectorate, consequently I should like to ask you, to keep things in order, whether you ever learned of these letters in any way at all? A.No, and in May 1941 I did... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,281,950 | 2,282,450 |
that manufactured such low-pressure chambers. Let me quote briefly from this document: "I delivered a total of 4 mobile low-pressure chambers with machine equipment to the Reich Aviation Ministry, Medical Inspectorate, Berlin. "The first low-pressure chamber was commissioned on 1 December 1939, and delivered on 30 Janu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,282,400 | 2,282,900 |
116 of the English Document book 2, Exhibit 76. This is a report by Romberg, undated, regarding reports that were to take place on the 11th of October before field Marshal Milch. This is apparently the report that you were talking about before? A.Yes, it must be that. Q.In this document, witness, at the beginning it wa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,282,850 | 2,283,350 |
consulting internist with the Medical Inspectorate of the Luftwaffe, as we know. Q.Did you in this way hear from Kalck and Bruehl anything about this discussion or about the contents of that film? A.No, throughout the War I did not speak with Bruehl at all. I did not even know him. Nor can I hardly recall any conversat... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,283,300 | 2,283,800 |
saving from high altitudes was reprinted. Q.About this Dr. Ruff spoke already on 29 April 1947, page 6620 of the English record. That, if I understand you correctly, concludes what you knew before this trial or before the end of the war, regarding these high altitude experiments? A.Yes. Q.Now, there is a document here ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,283,750 | 2,284,250 |
October 1942, at the freezing conference in Nurnberg he met me; he must have found out in some way that I was working on this low pressure chamber question and he asked me in a rather insolent manner, to have the chamber sent to Dachau for him; he said that he was going to get it anyway, because Himmler would back him ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,284,200 | 2,284,700 |
by the Medical Chief of the Luftwaffe. Dr. Becker-Freyseng especially warned me repeatedly against making deliveries to the SS, because otherwise every single Luftwaffe order to my plat for the Medical Inspectorate would be stopped. "In the event of any such order, I was to inform the Medical Inspectorate immediately a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,284,650 | 2,285,150 |
were discussed. This is from Document Book No. 3, English, page 10, Exhibit 42, Document number 343. That is a letter from General Milch of the 20th of May 1942 addressed to Obergruppenfuehrer Wolff, and it is headed "Dear Wolffy!" It refers to the high-altitude experiments, saying that they are concluded, and continue... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,285,100 | 2,285,600 |
touched on yesterday but I remember very definitely that at least when I was present it wasn't as if Hippke requested something, but it was that he was going to carry out freezing experiments and to do so he needed a sea distress specialist from the Luftwaffe. So far as the names quoted here are concerned, I remember P... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,285,550 | 2,286,050 |
to prove this? AYes. He did in that connection. QNow witness, when did you again hear of these intended experiments? AIn Nurnberg, at the freezing conference. QIn the meantime did you see any letters of any sort either that came to the referat or that came to it? AIn the meantime I had nothing to do with this matter. Q... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,286,000 | 2,286,500 |
at first at least the assignment was limited entirely to animal experiments. QI want to ask you one more question, namely, about the next to the last paragraph on the first pages; "The research documents and extensive documents will be presented to Reichsfuehrer SS by Dr. Rascher at his request, that the original and c... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,286,450 | 2,286,950 |
matters were not sent through the regular channel through all intermediary stages but were sent directly. Concerning the many letters that Rascher sent to his office in the SS, namely, Himmler, it can be seen that he had no scruples about sending such a top secret matter to the Medical Inspectorate. In summing up, I ca... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,286,900 | 2,287,400 |
copy; the number of the copy has to be printed. Since this copy is copy no. 2 there is also the copy that Rascher sent to Himmler. It must be assumed that Rascher kept copy no. 1 in his own private files and sent copy no. 2 to his Chief, who had given the assignment, Heinrich Himmler. It is unlikely that, in addition, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,287,350 | 2,287,850 |
not you know this letter which went to Reichsfuehrer-SS from Hippke on 19 February 1943? A.I cannot recall this letter and certainly didn't draft it myself at that time because this was Anthony's affair. I did not know it then. But let me point out one thing which can be seen very clearly from this letter, that, also o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,287,800 | 2,288,300 |
QThat's enough, witness. Now, Dr. Anthony was the chairman of this conference. Was it usual for the referent to hold the chairmanship of such conferences? AThat was altogether customary, and, in all conference reports which can readily be found in the library of the Aero Medical Center in Heidelberg, can be seen that A... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,288,250 | 2,288,750 |
unfortunately to a rather unhappy matter; namely, Document No. 448, Exhibit 81, Document Book 3, page 7. This is your affidavit of 24 October 1946. Witness, are these your own words that are to be found in this affidavit, or just what is it that is written down here? ANo, this is not my own wording. This was put to me,... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,288,700 | 2,289,200 |
QWe have attempted, Your Honors, to get our hands on this directive. It was, for technical reasons, impossible unfortunately. This is the directive of the 3rd of August, 1942 - "Directions to Troop Physicians for Preventing Damage to Persons through Cold." I have included this in my document book primarily to show that... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,289,150 | 2,289,650 |
the remark here before I continue although it has not been said so far definitely, that these experiments were not carried out on persons rescued from sea. The Witness Lutz told us, however, that it was made perfectly clear that these were experiments that were carried out on human beings here where humans were in a pl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,289,600 | 2,290,100 |
very evident difference to anyone. The report that Holzloehner, Rascher and Finke signed on their work there and which Rascher sent to Himmler was a top secret matter. The report in the conference of sea distress or winter distress in Nurnberg which the Medical Inspector of the Luftwaffe and Holzloehner's lecture stood... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,290,050 | 2,290,550 |
permitted to pursue the matter at least until the Tribunal feels he is pursuing it too far. In the meanwhile the Tribunal will be in recess. (Thereupon a recess was taken.) THE MARSHAL:The Tribunal is again in session. THE PRESIDENT:Counsel may proceed. BY DR. TIPP: Q.Dr. Becker, I was just told by the interpreter that... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,290,500 | 2,291,000 |
falling in, an advancing rigor of the skeletal muscles sots in, which renders the movements of the arms especially increasingly difficult." When examining Professor Schroeder the prosecution pointed out that this determination of rigor after five to 10 minutes could not have been made in practical cases of sea rescue b... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,290,950 | 2,291,450 |
was carried out and after one sees that any rescue measures were successful or not successful. This seems to be a very clear experience. Q.Now, another two passages which deal with death cases. These can be found on the same page, skipping one paragraph it says there and I quote: "If the rectal temperature has dropped ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,291,400 | 2,291,900 |
experiment as well as a practical experience. Finally, I may point out to you, with reference to the danger of death at temperature below 28 seems to mo after what I know now to be merely one possibility, for now I know of a number of papers where patients who for therapeutical reasons are treated with very low tempera... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,291,850 | 2,292,350 |
boat because all the boats are covered. Q.Now, the next passage, witness, which can be found on page 91 of the English Document Book. This is the last paragraph on that page: "The conditions of the heart allow an opinion to be formed on the problem of collapse after rescue." Collapse after rescue means the death after ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,292,300 | 2,292,800 |
that it became clearly apparent to all listeners that no incidents and no death cases occurred during this experiment and this, for all of us, meant the solution of the Holzloehner lecture. At any rate, this, in my opinion, was the only question of any practical importance. Q.Mr. President, in this connection I may off... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,292,750 | 2,293,250 |
one to two degrees, which are not very dangerous. Therefore, it was not really what Rascher had said that I didn't like, but the general manner in which he was saying it. Of course, today after almost five years have elapsed, I cannot repeat his words verbatim, and it is very difficult to describe such an indefinite im... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,293,200 | 2,293,700 |
-- and we are here concerned with ship wrecked during the War, -- will also have injuries, damages to their health, so that a result will never be as clear as in the experiment. This experiment, or the experiments by Holzloehner have clearly given us this result quickly and thus obviously contrary to experience gained ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,293,650 | 2,294,150 |
not at all have understood any such protest had it been made. According to the document, which is available here, 55 members of the Luftwaffe were present during that meeting, 12 representatives of the Army, 4 representatives of the Navy, 4 of the Waffen SS and Police, and 19 civilians, i.o. university professors and o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,294,100 | 2,294,600 |
that there was to be a meeting, but I heard nothing more about it. QAccording to the documents submitted by the Prosecution, Professor Holzloehner on that day also held a lecture. This is obviously a summary of his lecture which he held at Nurnberg. As it can be seen from the document, Mr. Buechner also spoke during th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 2,294,550 | 2,295,050 |
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