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his report to the Reich Research Counsel to which I pointed out yesterday, he must naturally have been very interested in the Copenhagen vaccine because that one was produced from dead nurine virus. Haagen at that time obviously had planned an experimental series where he would make prevaccinations with a number of dea... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,845,000 | 1,845,500 |
when developing his plague vaccine. Strong said expressly in his report that he was surprised at not finding any stronger reaction and not encountering any incidents. Haagen, throughout the years, could always base himself upon experiences which were available to him, and I'm referring to experiences which had been mad... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,845,450 | 1,845,950 |
should answer the questions asked of him and not delve into the question of whether or not the Tribunal knows this case or whether or not the prosecution has weighed the facts in this case. That is for the Tribunal to decide and not for the defendant to decide. THE PRESIDENT:The witness should answer the questions more... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,845,900 | 1,846,400 |
witnesses from Natzweiler who testified here, Holm and Grangend, told us in detail that a typhus epidemic had broken out there and that the persons who were vaccinated by Haagen definitely benefited from this vac cination. None of these persons fell ill of typhus and it is upon that that he bases his assumptions in his... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,846,350 | 1,846,850 |
further work to bring about the alleviation of the vaccination reaction in the case of the living a virulent vaccine by keeping the dry vaccines in store for a period of two months. By applying this procedure he no longer had any serious reactions. That, of course, killed his interest in the Copenhagen vaccination comp... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,846,800 | 1,847,300 |
of view, rather I wrote my attitude at that time, my opinion, which amounted to a number of pages. It was done in great detail since the original report was so short it did not allow me to gain a clear picture as to how the actual procedure was carried out in the individual series of experiments. The reason for this sh... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,847,250 | 1,847,750 |
a number of sick persons, who naturally fell ill in Natzweiler within the framework of the typhus epidemic. It is emphasized in this paper that no illness occurred among the persons vaccinated, and this, it was said, had proven the entire infectious immunity. The serum Titer in the case of the sick persons was much hig... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,847,700 | 1,848,200 |
vaccines from living avirulent germs, the main worry always is that the vaccines in their application on human beings will quickly regain the virulent they already lost. This worry can always be seen when discussing all these vaccines; that was the case with the Jenner small pox vaccine, and we have the same result wit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,848,150 | 1,848,650 |
based upon the blood examination and the examination of vaccinated people who had not fallen ill during the epidemic. This assumption, from a purely scientifical point of view, is absolutely correct because these two facts alone did not constitute a clear proof, although they had a large degree of probability on their ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,848,600 | 1,849,100 |
from living avirulent viruses. On the other hand illnesses in the non attenuated form as they according to experience so far when using dead viruses, that is exactly what is contained in this letter by Haagen to Hirt. As I said before, this is merely an assumption and it is quite possible Haagen intended something diff... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,849,050 | 1,849,550 |
to the Luftwaffe if he did not receive that money and another example he invites a Japanese Oberstabsarzt Kobayashy in order to inspect his institute. Naturally, no medical officer would invite any foreign officer to inspect his medical institute without reporting that to the medical inspectorate and receiving their ap... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,849,500 | 1,850,000 |
Hitler would have helped him there. Haagen's channel to Himmler is easily recognizable from the documents. It leads over Hirt whose official position is not known. Hirt is here being mentioned in the decrees of the Reichsfuehrer. Of course, as a Luftwaffe officer Haagen could not choose that channel. If as a Luftwaffe ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,849,950 | 1,850,450 |
English Document Book, 96 of the German Document Book. Did you ever know whether these experiments after they were planned were actually carried out? AI said that neither the planning nor the execution ever became know. From the period of time involved one can see the following: The letter to Hirt is addressed 27 June ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,850,400 | 1,850,900 |
a medical field officer I was assigned to the Hygiene Institute of the University Strasbourg in February 1944 for hygienic bacteriologic training. Here I was almost exclusively concerned with work on hepatitis (mice passages and demonstration of the virus in mice organs) under Professor Haagen until the Allied troops o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,850,850 | 1,851,350 |
and travelled about in order to find an evacuation location. On 25 August or 1 September 1944 there was a phone order to start preparations for the evacuation of part of the institute. The telegraphic order arrived on 5 September 1944. "On 25 September 1944 the building of the institute was heavily damaged by bombs. Th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,851,300 | 1,851,800 |
this is shown by your letter of 13 December, 1943, which is on page 82 of Document Book, 12, this is document of the prosecution No-122 Exhibit 298; didn't this make you wonder? ANo, it did not make me wonder at all. I have said that I knew what vaccine problem r. Haagen was working on, but that was a completely unobje... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,851,750 | 1,852,250 |
age and what I say on the witness stand. In this connection, I refer to page 29, the third paragraph, until page 32 the first paragraph. Of course, I do not intend to read this, but one can check up with this old essay, to see whether, I represented the same point cf view at that time as I have represented the Tribunal... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,852,200 | 1,852,700 |
were also given to the soviet medical personnel in prisoner of war camps, and beginning in 1943 the medical inspector of the Luftwaffe gave his instructions for troop physicians, especially pointed out the needs to the Soviet personnel, and orders they also were to be vaccinated, although we did not have nearly enough ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,852,650 | 1,853,150 |
answers of the defendant Rose to the Tribunal in writing, and then I could conclude the subject of Haagen and go on to malaria, which is the final item of the Prosecution THE PRESIDENT:How long will your examination of the witness on the stand in the connection of the testimony of these other witnesses, how much time w... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,853,100 | 1,853,600 |
to me at the time, but he did not do so. BY DR. FRITZ: Q.Now, I go on to the final subject. Here Professor Rose is charged with special responsibility, that is with malaria. In the written indictment Professor Rose is not charged with special responsibility, but the Prosecution has charged the defendant Rose with speci... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,853,550 | 1,854,050 |
you learn anything about human experiments on malaria at that time? ANot in the sense of this trial. I only visited institutes then at which experimental malaria research was carried cut concerning therapeutic infection of the insame. The malaria experiments concerning which Dr. Servatius submitted documents here obvio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,854,000 | 1,854,500 |
of internal surgical and children's clinics for the treatment of non-syphilitic diseases." Then in the same report on page 4, page 48 of the Document Book, the culture of my malaria strains is discussed. I may emphasize that strain Rose, mentioned in this trial, is never mentioned in this report. Then diagnostic examin... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,854,450 | 1,854,950 |
mentioned; Dr. Kierkut is mentioned and Dr. Mertens. There are a number of other names which you find there; but the name of Professor Schilling you will not find; although he would have had to be mentioned just like the others; if there had been any collaboration; because at the time when these reports were written an... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,854,900 | 1,855,400 |
at all during tho war. In any case, I certainly never learned anything of it. I met Professor Schilling in 1922 when I became an assistant at tho Robert Koch Institute. I would have like to work in his department of tropical medicine because that interested me, but there was no position open and nothing came of it; but... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,855,350 | 1,855,850 |
who shared his views but the majority did not consider them right, and I was among this majority. I always rejected Schilling's idea about protozoa immunity. QBut ho was able to work on in this field although the majority of his colleagues rejected his ideas? MR. HARDY:Your Honor, this line of questioning as to the mat... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,855,800 | 1,856,300 |
subsidy by the Reich Ministry of the Interior. QWhat do you yourself know about this work? ASchilling, at intervals, sent reports from Italy to the Reich Ministry of the interior. These work reports were passed on to the Robert Koch Institute. I had to write a comment on them each time. That was always an unpleasant ta... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,856,250 | 1,856,750 |
to the experiment on human beings. There is no other scientific method. In history you find that malaria experiments were either carried out on insane people or on volunteers. The first period lasts from 1920 to 1921 when you had the volunteers, and then one found the malaria treatment of insane people and there you fo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,856,700 | 1,857,200 |
the Reich Ministry of the Interior. At that time I studied this work very thoroughly. I read through all the maleria files of Schilling. I read through his entire work regarding protosone immunity, and subsequently wrote this opinion I mentioned, which I sent to the Ministry of the Interior and which contained five pri... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,857,150 | 1,857,650 |
I already mentioned. Upon whose request Schilling got into contact with Himmler I do not know. Q.When did you plan that Professor Schilling was working in Dachau? A.I cannot say that with any amount of certainty. Probably when members of my department told mo that Schilling had asked for anophyles, and that this questi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,857,600 | 1,858,100 |
this trial that Schilling allegedly carried out experiments on thousands of people, particularly since it was characteristic for his previous work that he was only working with small numbers of people. So much so that the accusation was raised against him by his opponents that his conclusions were built on an insuffici... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,858,050 | 1,858,550 |
an affidavit from this assistant which Professor Rose mentioned, and it can be found in Rose Document Book 3 on page 16 to 20. I repeat this is Rose Document 35, which I offer as Rose Exhibit No. 32. I should like to start reading it from paragraph 2, page 1. We are concerned with the assistant, Erna von Falkenhayn. I ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,858,500 | 1,859,000 |
relations between Professor Gildemeister and Professor Rose were rather strained ones, and secondly because the older scientists more that others were always anxious not to make their experiments public knowledge prematurely, and always instructed their assistants to this effect. "In 1943, Professor Rose became vice-pr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,858,950 | 1,859,450 |
also showed him Professor Schilling's letter. He consented. "The malaria research of Professor Rose, starting from the time when he joined the Robert Koch Institute as a professor, was conducted exclusively in cooperation with institutions for the insane and other hospitals as part of the so-called therapeutic malaria ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,859,400 | 1,859,900 |
furnished for a purpose which I considered to be useless. That in itself should be a clarification of this contradiction, none of these ladies are telling an untruth as both ladies are actually correct. QWhen you were just speaking about the useless purpose, this meant that the question which Professor Schilling tried ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,859,850 | 1,860,350 |
letters and all of the requests or I signed the consignment paper, or something of that nature. In war time that became impossible. Then these items were handled according to the general directive, after I gave them, and since I never explicitly forbade malaria strains to be sent to Professor Schilling, his application... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,860,300 | 1,860,800 |
simultaneously transmitted, and since most people who get malaria treatment also suffer from syphilis, one has to count with that possibility. In the case of transmittal of the mosquitoes, any such simultaneous transmittal of syphilis is impossible, and I guaranteed when sending my mosquitoes that I was only transmitti... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,860,750 | 1,861,250 |
understandable because there was no reason to do that. There was no reason for him to discuss his experimental plans with me since even if I did not work on malaria protective vaccination I was one of the most important experimental malaria researchists and under such circumstances one does not carry on any corresponde... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,861,200 | 1,861,700 |
Schilling I became quite clear about the contents of the work. Well, these were just the old opposition, the old two schools of thought, and there was no purpose in corresponding about it. It was clear from the outset that we would never agree on that subject. QDidn't you recognize from the contents of this paper that ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,861,650 | 1,862,150 |
of the Robert Koch Institute. Indication for malaria treatment was given by some doctor in some hospital and we delivered the malaria or we administered it as the affidavit of Miss Von Falkenhayn describes it. As she describes it it is quite correct. QNow in your lecture you mention an experiment of Volpert's on himsel... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,862,100 | 1,862,600 |
Pfaffenrode. What kind of an institute was that? A.In the discussion of my relations with Gildemeister I mentioned the reasons why I and my department wanted to leave the Robert Koch Institute. I suggested to Professor Hippke, at that time, that a Luftwaffe Department for Fever Therapy be established and that personnel... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,862,550 | 1,863,050 |
That was Professor Luxenburger who was a psychiatrist himself. He had more understanding for my worries and he took the responsibility of signing my application. Q.Mr. President, I should like to refer once more to Rose Document #8. That is in Document Book 1 on pages 27 to 37, Rose Exhibit 29. That is the first affida... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,863,000 | 1,863,500 |
and Rose Document #33 on pages 8 to 10 I offer as Rose Exhibit #38. This is the certified copy of the surrender instructions which the defendant Rose has just spoken of for his institute of Pfaffenrode. Did you return to the German side after that? A.That was very important for me. This action, which I had undertaken o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,863,450 | 1,863,950 |
I wrote in June, 1945, in England; but since the charge of hepatitis epidemica has been dropped I have no interest in going into this part of the affidavit. I refer to page 11 of the Document Book, which is page 1 of document 34, to numbers 1, 3 and 4 in the affidavit. No. I gives the personal date of the witness. No. ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,863,900 | 1,864,400 |
of the session in 29 December of 1941 which was submitted here, came from the same files. In the same filing cabinet is my expert opinion. If they want to find it they can; and then I should like to refer to my Basle lecture of 1944, which has been submitted here, Document 25, which says on page 39, and I quote "The ro... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,864,350 | 1,864,850 |
turned into an order, and as a result of this recommendation the treatment of malaria tertiana with salvarsan was prohibited in the Luftwaffe; and now I am to be held responsible, I, as the man who had salvarsan treatment for malaria prohibited, because Schilling had the misfortune when treating malaria patients with s... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,864,800 | 1,865,300 |
one is a little older and has a certain amount of experience and wants to be on good terms with his colleagues, one knows that the best thing is not to talk about work which is not finished yet, but just about the work which has been completed. Q.Then your conduct toward Professor Schilling was exactly the some as towa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,865,250 | 1,865,750 |
from various foreign and German institutes and got it, as Viehweg said here, and he never had any difficulties. Also Schilling had his own mosquito catching detail and had bred his own malaria strains. He was in no way defendant on my strain and the few mosquito eggs he received from my own department. If the fact of h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,865,700 | 1,866,200 |
importing these tings from the authorized Governmental authorities; and there are legal regulations about the importation of disease carriers and dangerous insects which my assistants and I had to observe. But the sender abroad had nothing to do with that. I had to see to it that I could present the custom's office wit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,866,150 | 1,866,650 |
decades German and foreign authorities have considered me an expert in this field and consulted me, and you can also consider me as an export. Q.Is hepatitis a fatal disease? A.You mean hepatitis epidemica? Q.Epidemica contaminosa. A.Hepatitis epidemica itself is not considered a dangerous disease by hygienists. But in... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,866,600 | 1,867,100 |
there is need to carry out an experiment to present it as serious and dangerous than to under-estimate tho danger. An exaggeration is better than a minimizing of the danger. What reasons were followed in this case, I do not know since I an not informed about the matter. Q.In connection with hepatitis research did you h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,867,050 | 1,867,550 |
were never discussed in this connection, and that no such experiments on human beings were planned there. MR. HARDY:May it please Your Honor, at the close of the direct examination by the defense counsel for the defendant Rose, Your Honor asked whether any of defense counsel wished to cross-examined the witness. Dr. Se... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,867,500 | 1,868,000 |
an adequate knowledge of the English language, so that I can take the responsibility of signing affidavits in English. When I signed this affidavit I made a few changes in the original wording. This is not my testimony. It is an excerpt which the Prosecution made of an interrogation. I had a long conversation with Mr. ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,867,950 | 1,868,450 |
have to do with this matter? A.You have asked me several questions. First of all, I never heard that starvation rations were set especially for insane asylums. I had something to do with insane asylums because I had to supply the malaria vaccine, which gave me much more contact with the insane asylums than the normal h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,868,400 | 1,868,900 |
4,000 insane there, as the result of transfers, because other insane asylums had to give up beds for evacuation hospitals and similar purposes. Q.Do you know the number of the patients on hand in the winter of 1941-1942 when Euthanasia was stopped? A.No, I know nothing about that. Q.Do you have the impression that blin... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,868,850 | 1,869,350 |
A.The whole matter was as follows: Professor Schreiber wanted to have a survey of the practicability of the various procedures of the production of typhus vaccine from an economy point of view; that is, assuming that a factory is to produce vaccines every month for one hundred thousand persons; how much material is nee... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,869,300 | 1,869,800 |
there should be a large typhus vaccine drive in the East; do you know personally whether your Chief, Generaloberstabsarzt Hippke did submit that suggestion? A.I can only express an assumption. In general I did not learn that whether such a thing was passed on I became to know in two ways, if there was any inquiry about... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,869,750 | 1,870,250 |
on. Q.Did you ever talk to Professor Handloser about experiments on human beings of the type which are the subject of the charges here? A.No. Q.Or did you ever have an opportunity to discuss experiments with him, that is typhus experiments with human beings? A.No, I believe Handloser did not discuss typhus questions wi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,870,200 | 1,870,700 |
the Robert Koch Institute under Professor Gildemeister on hepatitis? A.Yes, I heard that. Q.Well your hearing it was such that you can call it knowledge? A.Well I considered it quite credible. If I were not under oath I would simply say Domen worked for Gildemeister, but since I am under oath I can only say I heard tha... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,870,650 | 1,871,150 |
Q.Did you not feel it your duty as a scientist from 1944 on to report to Rostock as head of the Department of Science and Research -- to give reports about your research you had planned or carried out? A.No, I had enough to write without that. I didn't write to anyone on my own initiative. Q.Did Rostock ever give you a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,871,100 | 1,871,600 |
beginning of the study of vaccines. The first experiments had the character of experiments on human beings. They wore carried out by Huffgen in Bombay. On the basis of these experiments it was developed to the point that in the future one had only to make tests of tolerance which cannot really be called experiments on ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,871,550 | 1,872,050 |
A.Well, what do you mean by widespread? As a professional paper in professional circles yes, it is widespread. If you compare it with the circulation of a daily newspaper, then it is, of course, restricted to a very narrow group. Q.As far as I know, it is read quite a lot in Germany. In any case, I have noticed that al... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,872,000 | 1,872,500 |
with Filipino doctors when I was in the Netherland Indies to study plague control. I was with two Filipino doctors and, of course, we discussed the foundation of this whole work which came from the Philippines. Q.Professor Rose, you spoke of Billibit. That is a penitentiary, I believe isn't it? A.Yes, a penitentiary ne... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,872,450 | 1,872,950 |
Q.Do you also know from this journal, professor, that for these experiments the Governor of the Philippines expressly gave his permission? A.That is said in the paper, and that is to be assumed because Strong was not the prison doctor. Q.You say Strong was a prison doctor? A.No, I said he was not. Q.Do you believe, pro... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,872,900 | 1,873,400 |
anything about these experiments other than is written in this journal? If it is simply a question of what is contained in the journal, the Tribunal mast read it for itself. You have been asking him whether he knows what is contained in the journal and if, in his opinion, the language is such as to justify the belief c... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,873,350 | 1,873,850 |
as Phillippine doctors who had known Strong, on the basis of this personal knowledge, were perfectly convinced that this was not a misuse of natives but a very reliable work in the interests of the peoples of Asia; not only the Phillippines but the Indians and Siamese as well, who were cursing Mr. Strong. From this con... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,873,800 | 1,874,300 |
beings is absolutely necessary: did you understand the question? A.Yes. Q.Is that correct? A.In the direct examination by Dr. Fritz I have already answered this question. I don't know whether it escaped your notice, Dr. Sauter. I know you have a document, I believe it is No. 24, which you wanted tosubmit on the subject... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,874,250 | 1,874,750 |
also my conviction, and I am today still firmly convinced that Haagen worked in a completely irreproachable way, and neither from witnesses nor from documents have I been able to find anything that contradicts that. I stated specifically yesterday that only this document 127 -- if I had received this document, I should... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,874,700 | 1,875,200 |
not add to the discovery of the truth. QWe will leave that up to the Tribunal to decide. Did Handloser have any consulting physicians attached to his staff as Chief of the Medical Service of the Wehrmacht? ANo, he had no consultants of his own; so far as I know, there was an agreement between the chief of the Medical S... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,875,150 | 1,875,650 |
agreed that the Army Medical Inspectorate was to do the distributing. And, so far as I know, the Chief of the Medical Services of the Wehrmacht carried on the same policy. Q.As I recall, in one of the letters to Haagen from the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe, I think it was the letter written by Kant and which you ad... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,875,600 | 1,876,100 |
not only as in insecticide but is also very important in manufacture. For example, in the production of unbreakable glass prussic acid is used and etching and tanning procedures make use of prussic acid. And prussic acid is used in agriculture as an insecticide, and all these matters were decided higher up. This workin... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,876,050 | 1,876,550 |
Q.You stated that nine hundred persons were used in Dr. Strong's plague experiments? A.Yes, I know that number from the literature on the subject. Q.What is the usual mortality in plague? A.That depends on whether it is bubonic plague or lung pest. In one, namely, bubonic plague, the mortality can be as high as sixty o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,876,500 | 1,877,000 |
four days in which you have already testified. If you can give a short answer to my question that is all I want. If I want any further explanation I'll ask you for it. Now, what is the normal death rate in beri-beri? A.That depends on the medical care given. If the care is good, the mortality is zero, and if they have ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,876,950 | 1,877,450 |
mortality ranges between fifty-four to one hundred per cent and averaged eighty-one per cent. Do you accept those figures as correct? I mean, do you think that's right? Q.No, that does not correspond with the impression I got from the numbers in the Diary, but I didn't calculate it so precisely as all that. I looked at... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,877,400 | 1,877,900 |
It can be as high, for instance, as fifty per cent in meningitis. Then, after the epidemic has been in any one area for quite a while, the mortal ity drops. This is a pretty general epidemilogical law. That is not true only of meningitis, but of many other contagious diseases; namely, that the epidemic is more dangerou... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,877,850 | 1,878,350 |
measured with the amount of feces that a louse produced, because I assume you are referring to that the louse's bite does not transmit typhus at all. The saliva of the louse is not infectious, but apparently you were referring to the infectious feces of the louse which then gets into the louse bite. Q.Professor, as I u... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,878,300 | 1,878,800 |
and I assume that I may not do so in cross examination either. You also said that in Professor Schilling's experiments 300 people died. This also is untrue. Through your witness here it was said that not a single person died of malaria in Schilling's experiments. The witness Vieweg said that. He also said that seven pe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,878,750 | 1,879,250 |
on the person in charge of the experiment since the person was already condemned to death as the paper says. As far as I can see, that would more or less correspond to the experiment of Professor Gebhardt. He had 70 experimental subjects and had the misfortune of having three of them die. The others had severe illness.... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,879,200 | 1,879,700 |
is either falsified or non-existing and that no deaths occurred or if any deaths occurred that they were purely accidental, then of course there is no point at all in talking about comparison with experiments in other countries. The only conclusion then is that the Prosecution has no case and I submit to you that the p... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,879,650 | 1,880,150 |
begin to defend experiments in concentration camps; that is asking a little too much. I said that before and that is my stand. QWell very well, very well, then we needn't spend any more time on Strong's experiments. Now are you ready to concede that the typhus experiments in Buchenwald were nothing but murder; as I hav... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,880,100 | 1,880,600 |
witness Schmidt here before this court room, or not, testify that as he understood your objection, you were objecting to murder; did he say that or didn't he? AYes, Mr. Hardy, by clever questioning, succeeded in bringing the witness to make this statement, but I must know better what I expressly said and if I talked ab... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,880,550 | 1,881,050 |
typhus. He said, "No, I did not say anything about typhus infections. I only said as injections had been given a typhus epidemic in the camp break out sometime later." The witness Grandjean said there was a typhus epidemic was in the camp and the block with the typhus patients had been completely shut off. A.It is noth... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,881,000 | 1,881,500 |
with certainty under oath, because after all that was six years ago. Q.Did you supply him any material while he was working in Italy? A.No, nothing. Q.Who was Fraulien Von Falkenberg? A.You mean Fraulein Von Valkenhayn? Q.No, I mean Fraulien Von Falkenberg. A.I don't know any Fraulien Von Falkenberg. Q.You are sure you... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,881,450 | 1,881,950 |
answered saying that such material would hardly be available in Berlin. Malaria was very rare in Berlin and consequently deaths from malaria were also very rare. The only cases of this type occurred in insane asylums, in the treatment of paralytics. It is well known that the first work of Wagner Jauregg shows that in t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,881,900 | 1,882,400 |
did not issue a precise order. I said since we ourselves were using so many mosquitos I didn't want any more material to be sent to Mr. Schilling because I was not convinced of the scientific value of his work. But, Fraulein von Falkenhayn in her testimony says that there was further correspondence with Fraulein Lange.... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,882,350 | 1,882,850 |
make it available to me. You have my files and they are much more easily available to you than to me. For example, I am trying to find my malaria opinion from the year 194l. That was in the same file cabinet from which you got the record of the typhus meeting 29 December 1941 in the Ministry of Interior. Q.You overesti... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,882,800 | 1,883,300 |
1942. I find that in spite of my instructions to the department Fraulein von Falkenhayn still sent mosquitoes to her old boss although she denies it today but I should like to emphasize that, of course, I am responsible for what Fraulein von Falkenhayn did even if she didn't tell me about it. Q.Well, you saw the letter... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,883,250 | 1,883,750 |
difficult position. It is difficult for me to testify anything from my memory. You see here again that this matter was apparently dealt with by Fraulein Lange and Schilling himself wrote to me again. Q.Well, I didn't read it that way, Professor. The first line acknowledges of your letter of June 30th. A.Well, then it's... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,883,700 | 1,884,200 |
from Holzloehner's work that would affect Schilling? Is that you conclusion? That, of course, would be quite unjustified I would be glad if you would explain your question. Q.Doctor, I don't think it is too strange to say that a man who had, at least, received from information about how they carried out experiments in ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,884,150 | 1,884,650 |
his other work. I have already told about that in my direct examination. Q.And he decided to resume his work with the Luftwaffe and you got an assignment of funds for him from the Luftwaffe, didn't you? A.He declared himself willing to become a consulting physician in addition to his other work and he also spoke of his... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,884,600 | 1,885,100 |
living avirulent vaccine. The reason was to reduce the vaccine reaction. Q.Doctor, is it not true that to produce or experiment with this avirulent vaccine that Haagen needed some new laboratory equipment? I think you have already mentioned refrigeration. A.For these experiments he did not need any new equipment, there... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,885,050 | 1,885,550 |
so nice in the concentration camp, or maybe proper care wasn't being taken of the inmates in these experiments? A.If I had learned anything about it I probably would have reacted exactly as Haagen did, as can be proved by the documents he wrote to the SS office, that one cannot conduct any experiments of any consequenc... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,885,500 | 1,886,000 |
our experiments with dehydrated typhus vaccine which I had promised you several days ago. As I intend to publish the findings, I have written the report already in manuscript form. I ask that, after having been reviewed, it be submitted to the competent authorities for their approval of its publication in the 'Zentralb... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,885,950 | 1,886,450 |
this case. If somebody else tells mo that he has had direct contact with abuses, then there is no occasion for me to interfere, since that is settled between two persons concerned. I had nothing to do with the concentration camps. I did not have to carry out any inoculations there. Q.And you insist that the words, "one... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,886,400 | 1,886,900 |
Giroud in the meantime"? A.That means that up to that time he had worked with a murine strain and that now for the development of tho dry vaccine he wanted to use a strain of rickettsia prowazeki too. Q.Well, I now want to point out to you again that I an having considerable difficulty in construing tho word "infection... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,886,850 | 1,887,350 |
Haagen in Strassbourg wanted to test various vaccines for their reaction effect. Q.You sent that Copenhagen vaccine to Buchenwald also to be tested? A .No. Q.As I recall, your witness, Frau Block, said this Copenhagen vaccine didn't go to Haagen. A.Frau Block testified that she sent tho Copenhagen vaccine to various pl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,887,300 | 1,887,800 |
to one another that they might be experiments in concentration camps, That is a sign that at least this witness, Professor Schnell, did not conclude that definitely from what I said. What conclusions the other listeners gathered from that discussion I cannot, of course, s y. No doubt all of them were impressed by the a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,887,750 | 1,888,250 |
assorts, helped infect the patients I don't Know. I was not there. I did not even Know that Gildemeister had been in Buchenwald before. He didn't tell me that. At least I don't remember it, and during the visit when I was there nobody was infected at all. It was at least two weeks, or three weeks at the most, after the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,888,200 | 1,888,700 |
dark as Hoven but he was rather lighter. But I cannot say for certain whether he had blue or brown eyes; I am quite uncertain. I cannot say anything positively or negatively. I cannot say with certainty that I did not see Mr. Hoven nor can I tell you with certainty that I remember seeing Mr. Hoven. But that would proba... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,888,650 | 1,889,150 |
permission of the prosecution I should like to make a further question could the President tell mo whether the Tribunal has received my application I put in on the 11th of April, concerning submission of tho record since I have so far received no information upon that? THE PRESIDENT:The Tribunal has received the reques... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,889,100 | 1,889,600 |
designated as a vaccination, and then subsequently they infected with a virulent strain the previously vaccinated persons which did not fall ill because they believed the effects of their vaccines were certain enough that they could undertake this infection with virulent virus. You will find the same procedure describe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,889,550 | 1,890,050 |
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