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back to my previous question very briefly, You mean, of course, that these excerpts contained everything with the exception of your remarks which were not printed made after Ding's lecture? A.Yes, that is what I said when discussing the printed part very briefly. Q.At earlier meetings did you have any part in setting u... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,800,000 | 1,800,500 |
sick bed were reported on its practical combatting. Here again the use of DDT preparation was put into the foreground. One of the lecturers was Professor Hoering. Q.At this 4th meeting you also held a lecture at the general session for all participants in the meeting. What did this lecture deal with? A.When discussing ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,800,450 | 1,800,950 |
camps Buchenwald and Natzweiler. Please tell the Tribunal first of all, to what extent, in your professional training, you came into contact with typhus at all. A.During the war of 1914 to 1918 I saw no typhus whatsoever since I was only committed in the west where typhus did not prevail. After the war, however, I had ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,800,900 | 1,801,400 |
tine because you visited such typhus research workers especially? A.The ricketsia, the typhus ricketsia, are the most important epidemics that exist. During my journeys I took every opportunity to inform myself of the work done by important researchers. In that way, for instance, I visited important animal epidemical i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,801,350 | 1,801,850 |
a textbook of hygiene for students the combatting of epidemics is the most important thing there and I had considerable experience in the case of typhus. Q.Then during the last war did you have anything to do with typhus? A.Yes. My first contact came about when the racial Germans were resettled on the basis of the Germ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,801,800 | 1,802,300 |
war in Germany state regulations were issued as to the testing of typhus vaccine. Did you have anything to do with working out those regulations? A.No, nothing whatever. I never participated in conferences concerning these regulations, nor was I invited to participate. I never gave any expert opinion about them. I knew... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,802,250 | 1,802,750 |
not exist at all in the Department of Tropical Medicine. Research work on yellow fever too at the Robert Koch Institute was in the hands of Professor Haagen until 1941 and afterwards in the hands of Professor Gildemeister. "The research on hepatitis at the Robert Koch Institute was also exclusively carried out by the V... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,802,700 | 1,803,200 |
regarding typhus." THE INTERPRETER:Your Honor, I think this seems to: be a correct translation. JUDGE SEBRING:The one suggested by Professor Rose or the one appearing in the book. THE INTERPRETER:The one suggested by Professor Rose, Your Honor. JUDGESEBRING: will the witness read once more his version of the translatio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,803,150 | 1,803,650 |
in that meeting. Then Kapo Dietsch says, however, this meeting took place in November of 1941. Did you ever take part in any such meeting in November or December of 1941 and if not, did you hear about any such meeting taking place? AAt first, the question of my participation: I neither was present during this meeting o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,803,600 | 1,804,100 |
it existed on the civilian as well as the military side, and looking at these lists, I notice a number of discrepancies as follows: Schreiber at that time was not at all with the Army Medical Inspectorate, that is, on the 29th of December, 1941. He at that time was the hygienist with the Army Physician. In this capacit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,804,050 | 1,804,550 |
but rather belonged to Reich Institutions, or Reich agencies, which were outside the Ministry, agencies which had no executive duties but gave only scientific opinions for the benefit of the highest Reich authorities. In that connection it may be pointed out that professor Reiter was president of the Reich Health Offic... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,804,500 | 1,805,000 |
was submitted here, only came to my knowledge owing to the decument of the Prosecution. QThen how did you come into contact at all with the testing of typhus vaccines on human beings in Buchenwald? You were in Buchenwald, weren't you? AYes. On one occasion I was there together with Professor Gildemeister. This visit ca... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,804,950 | 1,805,450 |
would see to it that I would get permission to enter the camp in order to look at it. A few days later he telephoned me and told me the date of the journey, as well as that he had to permission for me to enter the camp. Gildemeister neither at that time, nor on any other occasion, told me that he was actively participa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,805,400 | 1,805,900 |
patients had shown, however that they during their stay in prison in Berlin, had suffered typhus, that is while they were in Berlin and before they were sentenced. T?cy however had said, that they fell ill of influenza when questioned before. The physician added that every one was quite upset about that at first becaus... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,805,850 | 1,806,350 |
I was interrogated at letimere in June 1945, and I stated that when interrogated for the only time here by the Prosecution in Nuernberg before I had any knowledge whatsoever about the existence of Ding's diary, or any other documents of the Prosecution. Q According to the transcript of the same session Mr. McHaney went... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,806,300 | 1,806,800 |
last one was about an entry of 26 January 1943. I have two brief questions on this subject. On the 26th of January, l943, were you Vice President of the Robert Koch Institute? ANo, my appointment as Vice President was either on the 1st of March or the 1st of April, 1943. I myself was informed of it only later because a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,806,750 | 1,807,250 |
a reliable measurement of immunity, then one waits for a natural exposure of the vaccinated persons to determine the epidemiological success, and this epidemiological success is measured by comparing the effects on vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Earlier, artificial infections may have occurred here and there may h... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,807,200 | 1,807,700 |
anything more? AI emphasized again that I was interested in the fundamental question and that I could not change my views on that, and I added that I did not believe that the results at Buchenwald would be very different than the results of the animal experiments. I must say expressly that I said this to Mr. Conti at t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,807,650 | 1,808,150 |
in speaking. QDid you not have to expect Conti to Reproach you for going over Gildemeister's head and talking to him? ANo, this danger didn't exist. I had met Conti for the first time during the resettlement. The health service of the resettlement project was directly under him, and in individual cases I had seen clear... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,808,100 | 1,808,600 |
cannot remember that. As far as I know after our dispute about my visit to Conti on my own initiative, the visit to Buchenwald and my experiments were not discussed again. After that time until the time whom my section was permanently disassociated from the institute and turned into a Luftwaffe Unit I saw Mr. Gildemeis... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,808,550 | 1,809,050 |
form of an affidavit and he could sign them and use them here in lieu of this examination. THE PRESIDENT:I will ask counsel for the defendant what he thinks about what the Tribunal has said, whether or not an affidavit would not be just as good as reading from the written paper, which amounts practically to an affidavi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,809,000 | 1,809,500 |
for people who did not belong to the department to outer it. This prohibition existed because of the danger of infect ion, and that is quite reasonable because in the course of time all the persons who worked in this department fell ill of typhus. In all such institutes people who have no business in the department are... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,809,450 | 1,809,950 |
in the control persons in the experimental series of 26 January to 20 October, 1943, that is on Pages 41 and 42; according to the Diary, one fourth of those infected did not fall ill at all, the others only fairly severely. In the group of 80 persons, on the 31st of March, 1943 of the 80 infected no one fell ill. That ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,809,900 | 1,810,400 |
as a specialist, I must deny if anyone says that I knew it. Then another question: Mr. Gildemeister and Mr. Haagan became enemies when Haagen left the institute, but, at least, I assume, that they had some contacts, and that Gildemeister told Professor Haagan that this Matelzka strain had become completely avirulent, a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,810,350 | 1,810,850 |
death. My answer was: I knew that myself. I was not interested in the individuals concerned but in the principle of human experiments in testing vaccines. At this comment Professor Schreiber interrupted the discussion. He said he pretested against my criticism and if we wanted to discuss basic ethical questions we coul... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,810,800 | 1,811,300 |
the lecture myself or whether I asked others who had heard it to tell me about it, owing to the ensuing sharp attacks by Rose. It is sure, however, that the lecturer did not mention where and in what way experiments on humans were carried out. After that Rose demanded the floor and said in an excited and aggressive way... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,811,250 | 1,811,750 |
three documents wherein it states that Professor Rose objected at the May 1943 conference of medical consultants. He is now about to introduce two or three other documents to that same effect. The prosecution will stipulate that Rose has objected at that meeting as he has stated on the stand. I see no reason for readin... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,811,700 | 1,812,200 |
was manned solely, or almost exclusively, by SS men at that time, and in order to take a look at this camp I proposed to the gentlemen that they should fetch me on the afternoon after the meeting. I told them to come at 5 o'clock. The conference lasted longer than that. The men became impatient and they made their way ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,812,150 | 1,812,650 |
must have been about October 1944. The question at hand then was grippe. There was a meeting, a rather large meeting at which grippe vaccine was discussed. A number of gentlemen reported on the vaccines that they had theretofore been developed in the laboratory. Among others, Professor Herzberg on a vaccine made from d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,812,600 | 1,813,100 |
regarding human being experiments in testing grippe vaccine. I should like to have read this into the record, Mr. President,because it can be seen from this that the defendant Rose himself---- THE PRESIDENT:If this affidavit refers to another meeting, other than the meeting with which we were concerned before, the Coun... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,813,050 | 1,813,550 |
the examination of their serum. A useful procedure for these serological examinations was known in which a couple of ccm of blood are drawn in the ordinary way from the inoculated person. This procedure was elaborated by the American Hirst. During the first months of 1945 I tested the serum according to this procedure ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,813,500 | 1,814,000 |
There follows the signature and the certification. Now further I would like to put in Rose Document No. 20, Rose Exhibit No. l8, on pages 10 and 11 in the same document book. This is an affidavit by Dr. George Finger of 6 February 1947. In view of the fact that this affidavit also concerns the consulting conference, I ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,813,950 | 1,814,450 |
can say that I remember that several SS officers were present, but I can only remember that they stayed entirely in the background and did not participate in the discussion at all. Court. No. 1 QFrom the evidence submitted, it can be seen that you were particularly excited at the time; even Kogon, who had only heard of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,814,400 | 1,814,900 |
formal terms this may perhaps be a more simple question. When a man is condemned to death by law, then for them this is an order, and that is the way it must be The jurist concerns himself with the legal phases. He has a heavy responsibility to carry in making decisions. But the matter is settled and the judgment must ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,814,850 | 1,815,350 |
and if one does not combat such tendencies in the very beginning they got out of hand. That was the second point. And then thirdly there was a purely practical consideration. From 1921 I worked in experimental medicine in many countries and I know with what prejudices my profession is beset. In wide public circles we a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,815,300 | 1,815,800 |
not knowing what was going to go on. And then there is the fifth point, and you can say about this; This is professional egoism and has nothing to do with ethics, but as a motive it also plays a role. Only the most important of experiments are carried out on human beings. Many research persons, even after the State has... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,815,750 | 1,816,250 |
tested on six criminals who had been condemned to death. The legation Doctor Maitland, who was in charge of carrying out this experiment, refused to perform the operation, not for any ethical considerations for the fate of the experimental subjects, but for the personal consideration that he might be considered an assi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,816,200 | 1,816,700 |
man through weeks and months that his theory might be proved false and that the persons might fall ill of plague and die of it. Now this experiment which was conducted forty years ago is justified by its success today. On that is based modern protective vaccine against plague with living avimulent plague bacilia. But, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,816,650 | 1,817,150 |
the time being powerless. That was the reason to look for new means to take such a burden on himself and expecting other people to submit to such suffering. The experiments which I have been speaking about wore carried out by Professor Richard P. Strong. He was Public Health officer in Manilla at that time, later profe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,817,100 | 1,817,600 |
issues. THE PRESIDENT:The defendant has taken the stand as a witness in his own defense. He is entitled to testify to any facts which he believes should be placed before the Tribunal for that defense which he has. But, matters of argument should not be introduced by the witness. His counsel may argue the case and draw ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,817,550 | 1,818,050 |
in the laboratory. Certainly more than twenty. There is no memorial tablet in their honor. Such a sacrifice is given silently. It is simply among the ethics of our profession and therefore one will probably understand my desire to preserve at least my honor. Now, to conclude this whole consideration of the ethical aspe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,818,000 | 1,818,500 |
the experiment, for the simple reason that the whole problem lies with the doctor and arises from the suffering of the victim to whom the sector conducting the experiment is nearest, and this sympathy with the victim of the experiment is such a matter of course for a accent doctor that would not even mention it if I di... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,818,450 | 1,818,950 |
obviously permits experiments with state approval. In his long statements, Moll repeatedly objects to experiments on patients, particularly experiments on hopelessly ill patients which, in the past century, was so common, so wipe-spread that there was a special technical expression for it. It w s c lied "the experiment... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,818,900 | 1,819,400 |
for a participant in the meeting, that he was opposed to these experiments, and it proves that there was discussion about it. On page 111 there is a sentence, "Such experiments are necessary." This sentence refers to the discussion and this statement is proof that the listeners, the auditors, believed since Ding had is... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,819,350 | 1,819,850 |
not true. But one thing was certain, in the case of this lice vaccine that it would be impossible ever to produce it in an adequate amount. In the Weigl procedure every louse must receive an injection separately in the rectum. The intestine of each louse must be separated separately. For one dose of vaccine you must ge... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,819,800 | 1,820,300 |
how many die in the various groups. That is the normal procedure in normal times. It cannot be done without death. On the contrary one need merely look at the statistics on such epidemiological evaluations in order to know what numbers of deaths there are. If after some period of time, after several years perhaps, the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,820,250 | 1,820,750 |
conditions, the comparative evaluation of various vaccines is practically impossible. If that were not so, then we would not have had the dispute lasting for decades among experts about typhus and cholera vaccines and that is quite an advantageous construction for this trial and is shown by tho following fact. The mate... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,820,700 | 1,821,200 |
vaccines were unjustified, but egg yolk, rabbit lungs, and lice intestines wore of equal value. We learned this only through the Buchenwald experiments. This led the way open to mass production of typhus vaccines. The Buchenwald experiments showed in time that several vaccines wore useless. First, the procedure accordi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,821,150 | 1,821,650 |
the fundamental ethical principles stood in opposition to this and made them the exception rather than the rule. Schmidt's testimony was so senseless that I even detected tho prosecutor, Mr. McHaney, smiling. Q.Can you give us numbers by which we can have some standard to which we can measure tho extent of typhus infec... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,821,600 | 1,822,100 |
Belsen in 1945 was to a large extent a typhus catastrophy. That can clearly be seen from the Belsen trial. In the summer of 1942 I spoke with the Director of the Health Service and the Governor General. There were known 150,00,0 cases of typhus, despite a very inadequate information service and the peak had not been re... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,822,050 | 1,822,550 |
winter of 1910-1919 to 1,700,000, In the year 1920 it rose to 3,000,000 and the Ukrainanians and Turkestans are not included in this number, nor the Siberians. In Russia in 1910-1920 it was 15 million, and Tarrasewitch, the Russian Hygienist, said it was 25 million. These numbers were known to every hygienist and can b... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,822,500 | 1,823,000 |
of the details a.s to just what vaccines did reach my hands, because I couldn't do anything with these vaccines either. I simply had a desk at my disposal and no laboratory facilities. In my civilian laboratory no work on typhus was being done. If they were vaccines which were already known, I stated that the vaccines ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,822,950 | 1,823,450 |
did not do this in either case. His publication is available to the Tribunal. And, finally, it was at this sane conference at which he reported on this vaccine that we had our squabble and that would have been the greatest excuse he could have found to say, "I don't understand you, Dr. Rose. Send me vaccine to be teste... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,823,400 | 1,823,900 |
the Luftwaffe. Q.Mr. President, the directive that Dr. Rose just mentioned I have in Rose Document Book II. This is Rose Document No. 26 which I put in as Rose Exhibit No.19. This is the instructions for troop doctors from the Medical Inspectorate of the Luftwaffe and is on page 55 and 56 of Document Book Rose II, date... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,823,850 | 1,824,350 |
for it and it took a long while before the money was made available to repay me. Consequently this went under the name of Rose vaccine and if Ding had known about this then there would have been been vaccines mentioned in his diary and that would have been a little too many. God be praised nobody hit on that idea. Q.Wh... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,824,300 | 1,824,800 |
Institute, Dr. Oerskov whom I knew personally from before the War. I asked him if he could and would produce typhus vaccine. Gerskov rejected this request because, as he said, it Was impossible to prevent peoples' falling ill from typhus if you undertook such production and such an occurrence would arouse had blood in ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,824,750 | 1,825,250 |
please find their seats. The Honorable, the Judges of Military Tribunal 1. Military Tribunal 1 is now in session. God save the United States of America and this honorable Tribunal. There will be order in the courtroom. THE PRESIDENT:Mr. Marshal, you ascertain if the defendants are all present in court. THE MARSHAL:May ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,825,200 | 1,825,700 |
Schreiber briefly by phone, and then sent him an extensive written report. This report was in two parts, the first part described the negotiations, the failure, and the reasons why the institute was not willing to undertake producing this vaccine, and my statement that I held these grounds to he substantial. Then, the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,825,650 | 1,826,150 |
Public or a Mayor and this document has been certified by a Mayor. MR. HARDY:That applied, as I recall, only to affidavits wherein they were certifying the signature of affiants or taking oath of an affiant. I don't believe that ruling applied to making copies of German original documents. PROF. ROSE:Perhaps this diffi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,826,100 | 1,826,600 |
without being a specialist in the matter. QWhat did you do with the sample of typhus vaccine that is mentioned in this report? AIf I had been asked about this before the witness Block testified, then I should have said that I had sent this sample to Professor Schreiber because I had assumed that he had given me the ord... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,826,550 | 1,827,050 |
danger, our position in the Luftwaffe was not advantageous in this effect. We had few such people because in the way the Luftwaffe was used the danger of becoming infected with typhus was much smaller. The number of people in the Luftwaffe who fell ill with typhus was never more than one to two percent of typhus in the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,827,000 | 1,827,500 |
March and the 13th of June, 1944. This can be seen from Ding's diary, Document Book 12, page 53. Now, how do you explain this lapse of time between the 24th of September, 1943, and the beginning of the testing in Buchenwald on the 8th of March, 1944? A.That I cannot explain from my own knowledge. You always have to cou... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,827,450 | 1,827,950 |
in especial danger". Now, is that persons whose lives - persons who were exposed to infection? Is that the theory of this paragraph? A.Your Honor, in the German text it is written "endangered" (gefaehrdet). Q.I understand that. A.And that means "exposed to typhus". Q.Exposed to infection? A.Exposed to infection. Q.It n... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,827,900 | 1,828,400 |
this vaccine. How little I knew of this can be seen from the point that I discussed yesterday; namely, the important occurrence of the Matenzka strains becoming avirulent. I shall later put in as a document my lecture on 17 February 1944 in Basel and in which there is stated, one year after these events took place, tha... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,828,350 | 1,828,850 |
That was not to nice of me, and he took it ill and never forgot it. Then when I was called to the Robert Koch institute in 1936 he spoke in opposition to that and recommended in my stead a Dr. Kuhnert, who at that time was Schilling's oldest assistant. However the tropical medicine expert of the University and other sc... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,828,800 | 1,829,300 |
important thing to the Ministry was when it appointed me, vice-president that this should establish my seniority for the presidency. It was clear that I could not occupy that office during the war, since I was with the Luftwaffe. QIn other words, you never really for practical purposes practiced, you never really did a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,829,250 | 1,829,750 |
signature and certification. I should like to state that Professor Gins is still working today in the Robert Koch Institute. I should like to put in the next document, pages 84 and 85, Rose Document 15, Rose Exhibit No.24affidavit by Dr. Werner Christiansen, on 12 February 1947, Rose Exhibit No.24. I should like to rea... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,829,700 | 1,830,200 |
give lectures. Moreover, he frequently attended scientific meetings and congresses, as for instance with the Society for Tropical Medicine, the Reich Committee for Tuberculosis and other scientific associations, the names of which I no longer remember. I always knew exactly the whereabouts of Professor Rose, in order t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,830,150 | 1,830,650 |
was not in a position to check on the work of my assistants, and once as Professor Boecker also says, he attempted to commission one of the other professors with the direction of my department. This interference with my rights, of course, led to another altercation between me. Taking war conditions into consideration, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,830,600 | 1,831,100 |
I said, are the annual reports on the activities of the Robert Koch Institute from the period from 1 April 1939 to 31 December 1943. I have a few questions to ask the defendant about these documents. Professor, in Rose Document No. 10 on page 34, in the second Paragraph, perhaps it would be best if I quote this brief p... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,831,050 | 1,831,550 |
he was innoculated there. It can be seen there from this list he was innoculated against smallpox, cholera, typhoid, pare.typhoid, and typhus. These were purely practical innoculations or vaccinations that had nothing to do with scientific research. You can find the same list in the next year's report on pages 58-59 of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,831,500 | 1,832,000 |
of the laboratory of the general managing director, namely, Professor Dr. Gildemeister. I shan't read this in detail but here there is a description of the collaboration with Professor Haagen, an indication of the work the department did in typhus, and it can be clearly seen from the report that the collaboration with ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,831,950 | 1,832,450 |
described One can see here that neither my name nor tho name of anyone of my collaborators is being mentioned. On tho next page of the document, which ordinarily would be three pages further on, in the printed report, but we find it here on the next page, since there are only excerpts, we find a description of the work... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,832,400 | 1,832,900 |
the Robert Koch institute made the manuscript available. It was still available in the files of the Institute. For the year of 1943 we have not the report on typhus work of the Institute, which naturally could be found in the printed report. I regret that in particular, because this would show clearly that I did not pa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,832,850 | 1,833,350 |
question of the Tribunal, because I think that the answer given by Professor Rostock was not correct. It is not possible to answer the question whether a person or an animal is immune against a disease by examination of the blood; but this question cannot be answered by a simple "yes" or "no." In order to understand th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,833,300 | 1,833,800 |
The artificial infections in the case of typhus fall into two groups. I shall now leave cut the time before 1900, and then we come to the classical experiments conducted by Jassil, one of the two discoverers of the plague bacilli. Jassil found out on experimenting on coolies that typhus can be transferred by transmitti... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,833,750 | 1,834,250 |
one of the fundamental teachings of immunity research that not one of these numerous often highly complicated reactions offer a measure or proof of immunity. All of these reactions play a huge part in laboratory diagnosis and in scientific work, but as I said immunity cannot be measured by them. Q.Do such reactions pla... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,834,200 | 1,834,700 |
same manner as I have just done. Now, my entire testimony could be perhaps in contradiction to what Professor Hoering has said. Professor Hoering said that as only exception in the case of yellow fever immunity can be established by blood examination. He said first of all that this was the only exception and since he d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,834,650 | 1,835,150 |
be one of the most important German researchers and was sent to the Rockefeller Institute in order to work there on yellow fever. Later he was called - I am sorry I made a mistake, I meant the Rockefeller Institute in New York, because at that time already he was considered to be a virus specialist. Q.Did you collabora... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,835,100 | 1,835,600 |
the case cf special assignments, Haagen, as in the case of all other hygienists, sent half yearly experimental reports from which no greet deal of activity became apparent. I remember a summarizing report particularly about experience gained with cholera and typhoid vaccines, about deficiencies in the building of barra... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,835,550 | 1,836,050 |
to get raw material because civilian research work was completely neglected at first and if anyone received priority on basis of an order by the Wehrmacht only then could he receive ran material and personnel. This situation changed when the Reich Research Council was created which could even use higher priority number... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,836,000 | 1,836,500 |
Service during the War? AYes, the Prosecution in that case has submitted the document which covers the point. We are here concerned with the Document No. 297 which is Exhibit 316, Document Book XII in the German edition to be found on page 112. We are here concerned with the conclusion of the yellow fever activity by P... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,836,450 | 1,836,950 |
as in all branches of the Wehrmacht, there were so-called expert commandos. These wore offices of the University clinics, in University institutes, in which people from the armed services were sent for technical and special training for several years... Of such, expert commandos for hygiene, there were three in the Luf... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,836,900 | 1,837,400 |
so. On such occasions Haagen sent short interim reports. Otherwise, he limited himself to sending from the printed material about 2 reports, regarding his work, and calling them his reports. QWhat would generally be deduced from these interim reports? ANot very much from the interim reports. The assignment was reiterat... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,837,350 | 1,837,850 |
their financial assistance they wanted to see a report now and then, and finally his work was supported by the SS, and so far as one can see from the documents three offices were concerned here, the Ahnenerbe, the Reichsfuehrer SS, and the WVHA. Thus in his scientific work there was a great number of offices with whom ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,837,800 | 1,838,300 |
is pretty clear and everyone who knows how to read such a table of organization can see perfectly clearly that a relationship of subordination or superiority is not sot down in such a table of organization. I must point out one point, namely a serious error in one of these charts in connection with the names of Profess... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,838,250 | 1,838,750 |
not obliged to take orders from the consultants with the Chief of the Medical Services. "The personal relations between Professor Rose and Professor Haagen, who was consultant hygienist with Air Fleet Physician Reich, were, as far as I can remember very bad. I therefore think it unlikely that they worked together on a ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,838,700 | 1,839,200 |
Ministry of the Interior, or University Clinics. I sent this report to all those who might be interested and it was in this way that Professor Haagen also received his report. QWhat can you say on the basis of your official and other knowledge about Professor Haagen's typhus research? A.First of all, my sources; since ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,839,150 | 1,839,650 |
because it seems to me that it is of importance in order to understand Haagen's work in Strassbourg. AYes, that is of absolutely decisive importance, and in order to understand all of the documents it is almost impossible to understand this whole question without knowledge of the basis reports of the camp Natzweiler. T... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,839,600 | 1,840,100 |
any rate a vaccine is always a material that is designed for protective vaccination and it is impossible to just exchange the terms vaccine and virus as it was often done in testimony here in this court room. The example as to how the testimony can be changed by this exchange is the testimony of the witness Olga Eyer, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,840,050 | 1,840,550 |
vaccine against typhus. Finally, the typhus vaccine of the Frenchmen Blanc and Legres. As the last we have the influenza vaccine. QWould you please explain the expressions virulent and avirulent? AThe expressions as they are used today cannot he derived from the word virus as the smallest morbific organism, as it is us... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,840,500 | 1,841,000 |
of particularly strong virulent vaccines one can be sure that he means vaccines from killed but very virulent germs, but even in the case of the physician who is not a specialist one cannot be sure at all whether the expression is meant in that sense. In the case of the laymen one has to ascertain exactly what it is he... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,840,950 | 1,841,450 |
can handle them as they should be handled. Generally, in the case of the layman and also in the case of the physician who had no specialist training one will arrive at the result that he will not be in a position to make a clear statement about these concepts. It is my impression that all the accusations raised against... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,841,400 | 1,841,900 |
be examined the experimental persons are those who arc getting deficient nourishment. The control group consists of those people who receive normal nourishment. Fourthly, another example taken from the subject of this trial. The experiments with the apparatus for the decontamination of water. The experimental persons a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,841,850 | 1,842,350 |
tho child does not feel well during that period; that it really is ill and that, after a few days, its condition develops and he gets fever. Fever usually starts on the ninth or tenth day and can go up to thirty-nine to forty degrees. This original procedure by Jennor was improved as time progressed. The reaction to va... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,842,300 | 1,842,800 |
great prejudice among expert circles against that procedure. In the year of 1911 when Strong combatted Plague in Manchuria he did not dare to apply this procedure outside the American controlled territories, although he already made this discovery already in the year 1905. It took more than 20 years, up to the year of ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,842,750 | 1,843,250 |
thousands cf Cases on natives and the white population. It is admitted that this vaccination can cause very high fever, out on account of the great danger of typhus this is put up with just as we agree that cur children go through fever reaction in the case of vaccinations against smallpox. This scientific development ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,843,200 | 1,843,700 |
One must always consider that this constitutes a protective injection against an infectious disease which is dangerous to life. Q.Would you please continue describing Haagen's experiments? A.Haagen at first did not arrive at any other results than Blanc when conducting these experiments. This is the situation as one ca... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,843,650 | 1,844,150 |
one more question, I think. The defendant just said himself that after having made these general statements he will explain the individual documents which are also supposed to incriminate him. MR. HARDY:That may be well and true, Your Honor, but just 40 minutes ago we heard we were only going to hear this for five minu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,844,100 | 1,844,600 |
which he wanted an explanation from me. This is document 122 to be found in Document Book No. 12 on page 82. I think that I should have to read this letter once more, considering it is significant, although it was already read once by the prosecution. I draw your attention to the date which is the 13th of December 1943... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,844,550 | 1,845,050 |
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