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men who went to work in the morning, and then fainted, and became unconscious while working, were brought unconscious to the doctor, and died within one or two days without recovering consciousness. Similar cases were found in Naples by the American Typhus Commission under General Fox. People died there in the streets.... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,485,000 | 1,485,500 |
Defendant Mrugowsky): Q.Before I enter upon a discussion of the typhus experiments in Buchenwald I should like to ask a few questions about Dr. Ding. Dr. Ding came from your institute, did he not? A.Yes, I knew him as a result of an inquiry I directed to troop doctors of the Waffen-SS and he volunteered for work in the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,485,450 | 1,485,950 |
were average. He was very skilful in the laboratory and could handle scientific problems. Q.What was his additional training in the field of typhus? A.When the thought arose in our institute of manufacturing our own typhus vaccine for own use, I sent him to Professor Gildemeister in the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,485,900 | 1,486,400 |
was produced which was made from the viscera of infected lice. This process is extremely difficult because every louse had to be infected personally with a compressed air needle and to vaccinate one person you had to make use of the viscera of 120 lice. The capacity of this institute was not even sufficient to cover th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,486,350 | 1,486,850 |
if it had been decided from the beginning to manufacture own vaccines from rabbit lungs? A.In Germany we knew at that tine from our own experience only of the Weigle vaccine from lice. We knew nothing of the effectiveness of the vaccine from chicken eggs. We hoped the vaccine would be efficacious but we did not know th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,486,800 | 1,487,300 |
period of testing because it was quite impossible for him to give such a negative report to Himmler and finally he asked me whether the following way might not be feasible. It would decidedly shorten the length of time if these experiments were not carried out on animals but on human beings. Thus these human beings wer... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,487,250 | 1,487,750 |
not to commission me with these experiments but on Grawitz's suggestion Ding, who had already been trained in the field of typhus, was to be used for this purpose. Q.Mr. President, I refer now to Mrugowsky Document 38, which I put in evidence yesterday as Mrugowsky Exhibit 13. I should like to read number 1 to 3 on pag... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,487,700 | 1,488,200 |
because even then the vaccine would have to mature. Grawitz was annoyed at the long delay and suggested that the animal tests be dispensed with and prisoners be used for the tests instead. Mrugowsky grumbled at the time about Grawitz and said that he had only suggested the tests on human beings because he did not want ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,488,150 | 1,488,650 |
Exhibit No. 17. After the ordinary usual introduction, Dr. Rose says: "My controversy with Dr. Ding and Professor Dr. Schreiber during the third meeting of the consulting physicians occurred in a morning session of the session hygiene and tropical hygiene." I will begin again at the beginning the microphone is not work... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,488,600 | 1,489,100 |
was necessary to keep these lice alive. But we don't know lice in Germany, our population is not used to these little animals, consequently, it would have been very difficult to find men who would be willing to act as food for lice. "signed Dr. Gerhard Rosa." Regarding the chicken egg process, on the other hand, we did... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,489,050 | 1,489,550 |
on the 29th of December, 1941, according to Ding's diary, at which it supposedly was decided to carry out experiments on human beings. The Prosecution has in the meantime submitted Document 1315, Prosecution Exhibit 454, and 1321 Prosecution Exhibit No.453, the two documents form one unified document apparently. I shal... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,489,500 | 1,490,000 |
in question AOn page 2 of Document 1315, Prosecution Exhibit 454, under (b) it says that "the vaccine now being manufactured by the Behring Works, which is extracted from chicken eggs, is to be tested as to its efficacy. For this purpose Dr. Demnitz will get in touch with SS Obersturmbannfuehrer Mrugowsky." Of course, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,489,950 | 1,490,450 |
Tribunal to look them over. DR. FLEMMING:Mr. President, these are certified copies which have been taken from the files of the Behring Works and the authenticity of which has been certified by the Mayor. The Tribunal has permitted that affidavits shall be certified either by a notary or, in small places where there is ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,490,400 | 1,490,900 |
we should be in a position to admit this into evidence. Now, in the case of its being certified by a notary or burgomeister, which is true of the affidavits, at any time if we doubt the authenticity of a document we can call in the document or call in a person in respect to an affidavit, but, in this instance, we do no... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,490,850 | 1,491,350 |
affidavit refers to the conference in the Reich Ministry of the Interior on the 29th of December 1941. "On the 29th of December 1941 at a conference in the Reich Ministry for the Interior in Berlin, Professor Gildemeister communicated that a program of experiments for the testing of the lice vaccine according to Weigel... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,491,300 | 1,491,800 |
furthermore, states that he visited Mrugowsky in order to speak to him regarding vaccine of the Behring Works, and at that time human experiments were not discussed at all. At the bottom of page 65 he said that the invoices were attached with reference to the typhus vaccine. Then follows the usual certification. On pag... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,491,750 | 1,492,250 |
affidavit of Dr. Demnitz is in this document? Where is the original of this document, counsel? DR. FLEMMING:The Prosecution had it. MR. HARDY:Do I understand that counsel for the defendant says that the original of this document is in the possession of the Prosecution? DR. FLEMMING:No. THE PRESIDENT:Where is the origin... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,492,200 | 1,492,700 |
course, before making your ruling, Your Honor, I want to call your attention to the fact that whenever the Prosecution introduce an exhibit, which purports to be a captured German document, that we have a rather elaborate system by Coogan affidavits and Neibergall affidavits to substantiate and to authenticate it and o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,492,650 | 1,493,150 |
accident. Furthermore, there is a rule that in case figures below the hundred, no certain results can be expected; therefore, one automatically arrives at so-called large scale experiments with a high figure of persons. It appears evident from the file notation that I was thinking of an experiment involving six hundred... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,493,100 | 1,493,600 |
typhus area of the east. That can be seen from Demnitz's assurances. I had access to this circle of persons since they were actually vaccinated on my order, that is, before they went to the occupied eastern territory. Then Dr. Wegner was the head of the health department of the eastern ministry, who carried out the vac... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,493,550 | 1,494,050 |
This is a letter sent by the Reichsarzt SS and police, Chief Hygienist, the defendant Mrugowsky sent to the Behring Works, Marburg/Lahn and also to the Reich Health Leader, Dr. Conti, and all the other persons that can be on the address. I seems, dr. President, that ' have the original available here, shall then be abl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,494,000 | 1,494,500 |
world in this field. The preparations of that firm are World renowned, and are absolutely reliable. One can therefore assume of those preparations of the Behring Works that before distributing any preparations they were examined very closely. I also know that a number of physicians, bacteriologists, and virus research ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,494,450 | 1,494,950 |
we have the certification by the President of the Robert Koch Institute. This shows that the Robert Koch Institute only became a Reich Institute on the 1st of April 1942, and only then received the name which Ding already mentioned on the 29th December 1941 in his Diary. Q.Now, would you please turn to the entry of the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,494,900 | 1,495,400 |
any such "Chief Departmental Heads" in Department 16? A.Department 16 was subordinated to me, and I, naturally, know very much about its organization. There **s never any departmental head (Hauptabteilungs-Leiter) in that. There certainly was not a departmental head for special missions. This does not mean a thing to m... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,495,350 | 1,495,850 |
1 has a very fine script while the script on pages 2 and 12 shows a saturated dark coloring. We must come to the conclusion that page 1 was written with a different and older ribbon than pages 2 and 12. With regard to pages 2 and 12 it can be established that both in the reproduction of the color as well as in the degr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,495,800 | 1,496,300 |
SS-Sturmbannfuehrer added in writing. On the following pages 14 to 17, the signature has be made again in light blue ink which corresponds to the color of the signatures on pages 2 to 12. On pages 18 and 27 the various signatures have been made in dark blue ink which do not show any essential differences From page 22 o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,496,250 | 1,496,750 |
is perfectly agreeable to such pr** *nd I want to announce that and find out whether they intend to call him *****ow. THE PRESIDENT:The Tribunal has not been advised of any such procedure. MR. HARDY:Then will I be lead to understand we will not have the witness Horn tomorrow? THE PRESIDENT:No, and if there is any occas... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,496,700 | 1,497,200 |
the experiments." Now please continue. A.In these words Balahowski corroborates the fact that this diary, namely, this diary of Block 47, was drawn up shortly before the collapse, apparently on several days, consequently the difference in the typewriters used. Now, as to why he did this I can only conjecture - I do not... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,497,150 | 1,497,650 |
days. This protective vaccination reduces it to 12, 10, and even 6 days, depending on the strength of the protective vaccine. At the same time the height of the fever, or temperature, is reduced. In other words, the symptoms that are associated with fever that effect the blood circulation and the heart, as well as thos... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,497,600 | 1,498,100 |
in by institute in Berlin. I knew that as an indication that I laid no stress on keeping these matters secret in any way or that which it was my point of view that these experimental results/had been achieved on the most expensive of all material, namely, human beings, should be carried through to conclusion and that r... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,498,050 | 1,498,550 |
to Grawitz from Grawitz with the order to rewrite it in a suitable form since Grawitz did not wish that outside persons could see, without any further trouble to themselves, that these were really experiments on human beings with artificial infection. He know that, to some extent, I could master the style that he used ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,498,500 | 1,499,000 |
the Behring Works were developed and how they were tested in the institute itself. On the fourth page, namely page 99 of the Document book, No. 5 reads: "Naturally, the Behring Works also carried out tests to establish whether the vaccines agreed with human beings for(a) it was necessary to vaccinate these people worki... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,498,950 | 1,499,450 |
in or to use these living germs for the manufacture of vaccine, namely vaccines with living attenuated strains because these are a complete protection against the disease. Q.In other words, you want to say that if you had received this communication then you would have seen to it that further experiments were carried o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,499,400 | 1,499,900 |
the autum of 1942 although, as you have stated, it was already decided at the end of 1941 to manufacture your own vaccines according to Giroud's process. Now how do you explain this delay? A.In the infections carried out in Series I on 3 March 1942, Ding info himself and fell seriously ill of Typhus, despite his protec... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,499,850 | 1,500,350 |
about this experimental series VII? A.This series was carried out with a vaccine similar to the Behring vaccine, manufactured by a different firm. I knew nothing of this experimental series. Q.I submit to the Tribunal as the next document, Document Mrugowsky 12. It is in the document book on page 92 and I put it in evi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,500,300 | 1,500,800 |
for assistance in the work of developing the serum Institute at Kiew. At the same time the organization of de-lousing by the Asid Serum Institute Koenigsberg was discussed. There also may have been a discussion of general questions in connection with active immunization, especially against scarlet fever, diphtheria and... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,500,750 | 1,501,250 |
other hygienic questions as they concerned the vicinity of Buchenwald. I knew that there was a lack of water there from my previous activity; and I am sure that this was a subject that was discussed. I spent the evening with Ding in his flat where I met Dr. Hoven, the camp physician of Buchenwald, and his wife. Mrs. Di... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,501,200 | 1,501,700 |
by looking at the document here. I hadn't seen or heard of it before. Q.In the last entry of his diary Ding says: "By order of the Chief Hygienist of the Waffen SS, dated the 12th of August 1911, it was to be established whether the course of a typhus illness can be mitigated by a typhus vaccine through intravenous or ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,501,650 | 1,502,150 |
justified to search for new meth ods of treatment. QWere these to be a series of experiments in the sense in which Dr. Ding carried them out? AThat is completely out of the question. There was no cause to do that whatsoever. In order to combat such an experiment, one could use in a typhus inflicted person a test by thi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,502,100 | 1,502,600 |
speak of an examination which certainly would not have been necessary, since its effectiveness was already known. The effectiveness of other vaccines, which were unknown so far would have to be compared withe effectiveness if that vaccine. I don't believe, therefore, that one could in any way reprimand Ding for the man... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,502,550 | 1,503,050 |
this method it was made impossible for the greens or reds to continue their practice to put hated persons on the lists of the persons selected for the experiments in order exterminate these persons by using the experiments as a cover." "Block 46 in Buchenwald was a building with quite modern equipment with the most mod... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,503,000 | 1,503,500 |
of any objective judgment. From a human point of view I well understand his statements, because he is speaking as an inmate, lookat the affair from the prospective of an inmate. I actually was a prisoner of war for a number of years and I know how distorted any such a picture is. QWhen examining the question whether Dr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,503,450 | 1,503,950 |
tried to start a number of experimental series simultaneously in order to use the same control persons for all of *********t was possible because the strain for both series was the same. QThen it is your opinion that Dr. Ding, when carrying cut his experiments, acted according to scientific principles, that he cannot b... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,503,900 | 1,504,400 |
available to me from the I. G. Farbon Industry at Hoechst and this paper by Ding, I can say that my statements made at that time were not correct, it was a deception of my memory. QI must interject here that I shall submit the material received from the I. G. Farben Industry at Hoechst at a later date in the form of su... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,504,350 | 1,504,850 |
that was a very important matter and told me that "We are doing everything in order to get clarity as to whether this drug can be used or not." I said that the unfavorable tolerance of that drug prohibited us from applying it on patients since it would have no success. QOn the basis of documents which I have yet to sub... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,504,800 | 1,505,300 |
Halleischek who used the sane preparation. These two persons maintained that they had good experience with that preparation. QHow do you explain the difference? AThis is a typical example of how dangerous it is if one only reports on results of very few cases. If I have ten persons, it is quite likely that I have succe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,505,250 | 1,505,750 |
point I have received no information telling me that the witness has arrived. The witness however, that the Prosecution talked about at the beginning of the session was not Dietsch, but it was the witness, Dr. Horn about whom Dr. Gawlik was just speaking. This Dr. Horn has already arrived here, but Dietsch has not arri... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,505,700 | 1,506,200 |
cross-examination. THE PRESIDENT:Very well. Very well. Well, now, just one moment. Yesterday Counsel for Defendant Mrugowsky had several exhibits identified that were not offered in evidence. They received numbers. I would suggest that at the opening of tomorrow's session those exhibits be formally offered because the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,506,150 | 1,506,650 |
and 1-A, Document Volume 2 has not yet been translated. After it was completed, I yet received a number of other documents. THE PRESIDENT:We cannot proceed with these documents which are in supplement book No. 2. There were several offered and narked as exhibits which were to be included in Mrugowsky document book 1-A,... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,506,600 | 1,507,100 |
after failing ill of typhus, fell dead in the s streets. Similar cases were described in his paper and I am now submitting as Exhibit Mrugowsky No. 29, document Mrugowsky 19, on page 154, which will become exhibit No. 29. In that connection I should like to ask the defendant: BY DR. FLEMING: QWitness, can you state und... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,507,050 | 1,507,550 |
also be included in this test, Professor Gildemeister remarked that he was not interested in them. In the course of later discussions he probably realized that this peculiar point of view - for it was regarded as such by all participants - could not be maintained and he advised us to get in touch with Dr. Mrugowsky him... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,507,500 | 1,508,000 |
26, Exhibit No. 6, which is an affidavit of Dr. Karl Blumenreuther on page 167 of the document book 1-A. DR. FLEMING:And Dr. Mrugowsky No. 48 on page 154 THE PRESIDENT:Mrugowsky document No. 26? DR. FLEMING:No. 23 is Exhibit 6. That is on page 167. MR. HARDY:Does the Court also have Mrugowsky document 23 marked exhibit... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,507,950 | 1,508,450 |
N. Hoechst. The sale was effected by Bayer-Leverkusen. The scientific handling of these drugs was made by the Production department, by the scientists of the firm Bayer in Leverkusen and by the scientists of the Berlin offices of the firm Bayer. "2. I myself was only deputy to the commercial manager of the department B... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,508,400 | 1,508,900 |
Ding said that my cases are very carefully observed and very well treated. He dropped a remark to the effect that his cases were partly, or altogether, dosed infection. I replied that this did not mean anything to me, and I asked him whether he had used any serum. He answered evasively, and sai amongst other things, th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,508,850 | 1,509,350 |
found on page 222 of the Document Book I a. I repeat Mrugowsky 85, on page 222. This is the affidavit of the former Obermedizinalrat Dr. med. Christiansen who was active in the Ministry of the Interior. I offer it as Exhibit Mrugowsky No. 35. Werner Christiansen says, after the customary intro duction, and I quote: "I ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,509,300 | 1,509,800 |
available through trade channels. "Dr. Ding was not known to me, nor did I know Grawitz. "I become acquainted with Mrugowsky in the Reich Ministry for Home Affairs at a meeting concerning the introduction of the continuous testing through State Organizations, of all vaccines against typhus manufactured by the pharmaceu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,509,750 | 1,510,250 |
possible for such a double subordination to exist? In that case Ding would have to be subordinate to you for the production of vaccines and subordinate to Grawitz for the typhus experiments. ASuch a double subordination was not only possible within the SS b* throughout the entire Wehrmacht. It is quite feasible that on... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,510,200 | 1,510,700 |
weeks ago, Mr. President THE PRESIDENT:Please check that matter with the Defendants Information Center because, as far as I am advised, all applications have been passed on very promptly. Probably the application had been mislaid. I now refer to the document, the affidavit which was submitted as Exhibit 13 of the forme... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,510,650 | 1,511,150 |
neither heard anything about it from conversations in the Institute. "Had the tests on human beings been carried out through the Hygiene Institute of the Waffen-SS under Mrugowsky's responsibility, the doctors at the Institute would have been working on the practical application and there would certainly have been freq... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,511,100 | 1,511,600 |
am submitting as Exhibit 6. 26 on Page 167. On age 169 I shall read paragraphs 4 and 5: "That Mrugowsky ever had anything to do width Ding's experiments on human beings, I do not know. Mrugowsky did not tell me of a conference with Grawitz in January 1942 at which he (Mrugowsky) indignantly rejected a demand that he sh... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,511,550 | 1,512,050 |
statement is correct as it refers to the normal channel, as it refers to the correspondence of the Hygiene Institute of the Waffen-SS. This only has to do with the vaccine production in Block $0 or other hygienic matters but does not refer to Block 46. This channel of command is wrong as far as Block 46 is concerned. Q... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,512,000 | 1,512,500 |
page 1184 of the English transcript and page 1214 of the German transcript, Kogon said that a man by the name of Koehler had been found dead in his cell in the bunker and acute poisoning was assumed; that Koehler was autopsied in the presence of a scientist coming from Jena and certain drugs the alcalayt series were fo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,512,450 | 1,512,950 |
the autopsy room of the concentration camp. That is also wrong. He was autopsied in the local hospital of the city of Weimar. Thirdly, he states that during that autopsy alcaloid rests were found in his stomach, whereas the judge who was working on this case testified that during that autopsy no such results were regis... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,512,900 | 1,513,400 |
this matter. According to Kogan's testimony it seems that Ding himself carried through these experiments. As became evident from the latter part of Kogan's examination the experiments were neither conducted in Block 46 nor in Block 50 by Dr. Wernet. They were conducted in the hospital of the prisoners. Dr. Ding was no ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,513,350 | 1,513,850 |
agencies there. When discussing that question Kogan contradicts himself when whereas he says that he himself frequently had the impression in the summer of 1943 that ing himself knew no longer to whom he was really subordinate. That is to say, that he had no single superior where an error wouldn't be possible and not t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,513,800 | 1,514,300 |
this statement during his own examination for on Page 1252 of the German transcript - QWhich is 1224 of the English transcript. A -- he states expressly that Ding had brought the order with him coming from one of his numerous visits to Berlin. He says further: "How this order originated, I do not know." Kogon is then a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,514,250 | 1,514,750 |
not even among the controlled persons, and this is why such a high rate of fatality occurred. In that case I think we are concerned with some tiling entirely different. I think that will be clarified during the course of the trial. QWould you please speak about Kogon's testimony of the 8th of January, 1947, of the Engl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,514,700 | 1,515,200 |
many documents have become known which have a tendency to show that Ding wanted to act independently, and I, therefore, think i is possible that he started these experiments on his own initiative. QDing started a series of experiments with the vaccine Weimar where he only used five persons for this test whereas in othe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,515,150 | 1,515,650 |
I personally looked at a number of preparations with him, and I can say that on my own knowledge. QDid the vaccine produced in Buchenwald have an effect in practice? AThe vaccine belonged to the best we had in Germany. TheAmerican occupational troops used that vaccine in their internment camp after the collapse. Profes... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,515,600 | 1,516,100 |
become more and more poisonous, and at the end of the epidemic people would be infected by bacteria that beforehand had still be able to resist, because these bacteria had become more poisonous in the process. In reality, however, that is not true. Every epidemic at one time must stop even without any measures of contr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,516,050 | 1,516,550 |
1941 or 1942? ANo, I didn't ask for one. Q.The draft of the work report for '43 which is available here contains something about Block 46 and Block 50; wouldn't you have noticed that had you received the report? AThis certainly would have drawn my attention, because I know how clearly these two blocks had boon separate... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,516,500 | 1,517,000 |
case of typhus at the very early state, and contradictory results were achieved. Some physicians had successes and some physicians had failures. Since we have no drug in the case of typhus with which we could treat the patients, the suggestion originated that this serum of the convalescents would have therapeutically c... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,516,950 | 1,517,450 |
recess we were talking about the taking off of blood in the case of typhus and you were saying in that connection that a cleverly carried out taking off of blood would be rather beneficial than damaging in the case cf typhoid. What do you consider a cleverly carried out operation of that type? AAhuman being has a total... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,517,400 | 1,517,900 |
of his own knowledge because he himself stated during his testimony that as far as the events in Block 46 were concerned he only knew them by hearsay; but he himself had no business there, so that he could not collect such experiences of his own. His assertion, therefore, is based on the statements by third persons and... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,517,850 | 1,518,350 |
of concentration camps could no longer be satisfied. Following a special proposal of the chief medical officer of concentration camps, the requirements of detainees were supplied from blood taken from healthy prisoners. Consequently, to this is due the entry in Ding Diary that in Buchenwald too healthy prisoners in the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,518,300 | 1,518,800 |
In question 5 I had asked: "Are some of these complications bronchial pneumonis, inflammation of the kidneys, hemorrhages in the skin, vomiting, etc?" and the answer: "The complications mentioned appear rather frequently in serious cases." Figure 6: "Bonchial pneumonia, at least, is a frequent complication in cases of ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,518,750 | 1,519,250 |
use the serum of these patients in the treatment of now cases." Figure 13: "Phlebotomy, if properly carried out, can be the direct cause of death only if it is made on an extremely *** weakened convalescent whose circulatory system is completely undermined." Figure 14: "It is correct that in cases of typhus the serum o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,519,200 | 1,519,700 |
all available. It was only after a lengthy period that I nevertheless, succeeded in getting hold of such ampules, and for treatment of disturbances of the circulatory system I placed such ampules at Ding's disposal for his patients. Q.In the military academy or any other office did they request to have this serum conse... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,519,650 | 1,520,150 |
paragraph. I quote: "I was not informed on which of the patients the SS intended to use the serum preserves they asked for. But I asked Prof. Dr. Mrugowsky to see to it that also the SS line all other departments which used serum preserves submit reports on their experiences of therapeutic success and compatibility." Q... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,520,100 | 1,520,600 |
one week other types of vaccinations were applied so that the entire period of vaccinations was abbreviated. We know from long experiences of the last war, particularly from the British, through White, that such vaccinations can be well carried out during a short period. Vaccination reactions aren't any more prominent ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,520,550 | 1,521,050 |
a long time, the introduction of vaccinations against cholera in those camps which contained Russian prisoners. Loehning subsequently complained about all the vaccinations which I considered essential. He thought that this was difficult to realize in practice; but I told him, "You have to do something for the protectio... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,521,000 | 1,521,500 |
experiment? A.That isn't an experiment under any circumstances because there is nothing in this case which had to be experimented with. Digestibility was known for a long period in the case of millions of people, both at home and abroad. I believe that here it is language which is causing us difficulties because in Ger... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,521,450 | 1,521,950 |
month. I would assume that here we are concerned with the second diphtheria vaccination which was to be carried out after three months and not, therefore, a pox vaccination. DR. FLEMMING:In this connection I submit to the Tribunal Document Mrugowsky 17-A. It is on Page 145. I offer it in evidence as Mrugowsky Exhibit N... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,521,900 | 1,522,400 |
at the bottom in the German: "It must be added, however, that the Absorbat used neither contained living nor dead diphtheria bacilli but only bacilli which had been deprived of their poison by treatment with Formol." Then in the final paragraph: "The vaccinations prescribed were not experiments but regular inoculations... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,522,350 | 1,522,850 |
any correspondence with the Reich Criminal Police Office in that matter? A.No. Q.In that case you never gob in contact with the Reich Criminal police Office for the furnishing of persons for these experiments? A.No. Q.Do you know that Kogen asserted that you suddenly could not have exercised any influence on the furnis... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,522,800 | 1,523,300 |
you were there on. two or three occasions, and on every occasion visited Block 46, was that a correct situation? A.That is not true, but it can easily be clarified. Both made the statement since they were in Block 50, and it is a fact that my arrival was registered, and announced at Block 46, and that I actually did no... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,523,250 | 1,523,750 |
camp the inmates were much closer together, especially unfavorable housing facilities were any way near Little Camp; that was the reason why I was asked by Ding to inspect the camp. This led to a report by me which I sent to Chief of the Supreme Building Offices of the SS. I communicated my urgent request to re-organiz... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,523,700 | 1,524,200 |
mere boiling every bacteria is killed with absolute certainty. If the meat of that rabbit is thoroughly boiled there is not the least danger of any infection. I may point out that in all countries where there is food legislation and food rationing meat of animals who fell ill of tuberculosis is always admissible for hu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,524,150 | 1,524,650 |
is recognizable or easily changeable? A.This observation of Mr. Fleck is quite understandable. There is hardly one bacteria in the field of bacteriology which is as changeable in its exterior for as the typhus virus. Herr Fleck in Cracow and Lemberg was dealing with Rickettsia that were bred in the louse and they natur... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,524,600 | 1,525,100 |
from page 170, paragraph 7, which so far was not read. This is the affidavit of Dr. Karl Blumenreuther and paragraph 7 reads as follows, and I quote: " . By far the greatest proportion of the typhus vaccines produced in Buchenwald and of the additional typhus vaccines procured through the central medical service depot ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,525,050 | 1,525,550 |
this excerpt you will see that Geheimrat Otto says, still in 1943: "While the efficacy of lice vaccines has already been tested on a large scale in Poland, Ethiopa, and China, and the vaccine has proved its value, it is still necessary to gather large scale practical experiences with lung and vitelline sac vaccines. In... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,525,500 | 1,526,000 |
Charite in the case of dipteria infected children. He treated about 1200 children suffering from dipteria with that serum. He registered a mortality rate in the case of these children, in spite of the treatment, of approximately 22 percent. Just as many children did not receive the serum but were treated in a different... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,525,950 | 1,526,450 |
on the stand possibly not particularly relevant, the Prosecution introduced the Ding Diary in evidence in its entirely and it is pertinent for the defendants to attack the reliability of the diary any way they can. In any event, counsel for the defendant Mrugowsky has now finished, according to his statement, this part... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,526,400 | 1,526,900 |
acquainted with the technicalities concerned with that vaccine. Q.Were infections carried out in order to carry out the effectiveness of that vaccine? A.No, I already stated that we ha.d no pathogenic virus in Germany and, therefore, could not carry out any infections. In this case only two or five cubic centimeters of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,526,850 | 1,527,350 |
257, Exhibit 283, in Document Book 12, which is before you, stated that at the Military Medical Academy a conference took place on the question of gas gangrene serum. What do you know about that? A.It is correct that such a conference had acutally taken place. Whenever gas gangrene occurred a large amount of gas gangre... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,527,300 | 1,527,800 |
Frederic Hilscher who is to testify as to the defendant's activities in the resistance movement. The prosecution has no objection to the calling of that witness. However, defense counsel has expressed the intentions of calling two witnesses named Dr. Franz Borgenau and Dr. Edward Topf. Those two witnesses, your Honor, ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,527,750 | 1,528,250 |
the most one morning or one afternoon session, and I consider those two witnesses so important that I ask the court to approve my application. THE PRESIDENT:The Tribunal will rule upon this question a.t tho opening of this afternoon's session. MR. HARDY:Your Honor, I have another question concerning Dr. Horn, the witne... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,528,200 | 1,528,700 |
174, Exhibit 46. It is an affidavit of Professor Killian, who is a University professor at Halle/Saale. He says, "In 1941-1943 I was consulting surgeon with the 10th Army in the East. be had experienced numerous cases of death and damages to the circulation system due to the effects of gas gangrene serum. In my opinion... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,528,650 | 1,529,150 |
Dr. Ding's statements are not true." Signed, Professor Killian, and certified. Q.On the basis of the assignment to inform himself from literature about phenol poisoning - this assignment which you gave to him - what did Ding report? Was the question of gangrene serum and the deaths resulting from it settled? A.Ding's r... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,529,100 | 1,529,600 |
persons, among others also Dr. Mrugowsky, pointed out that Pervitin was not a poison, that it could be obtained without a prescription. One of the gentlemen present pointed out that in America experiments were carried on where up to 100 tablets of pervitin were administered and the effects were not fatal. But no one pr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,529,550 | 1,530,050 |
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