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the measures of the Security Police have to be subordinated to the greatest extent to the recruiting of labor for Germany. In the shortest possible time, the Ukraine has to put at the disposal of the armament industry 1 Million workers, 500 of whom have to be sent from our territory daily. "The work of the field groups... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 13,050 | 13,550 |
the estimated 4,000,000 sent by the GESTAPO for extermination in annihilation camps. (2615-PS) (2) The GESTAPO and SD stationed special units in prisoner of war camps for the purpose of screening out racial and political undesirables and executing them. The program of mass murder of political and racial undesirables ca... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 13,500 | 14,000 |
war captured by the Wehrmacht. In June and July 1941 I participated in a conference which concerned itself with the treatment of Russian commissars. * * * Obergruppenfuehrer Mueller was present as representative of the RSHA, and he participated in this matter because, as Chief of Section IV, he was responsible for the ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 13,950 | 14,450 |
existing possibilities, the discovery of all elements to be eliminated among the prisoners, must proceed step by step at once. "Above all, the following must be discovered: All important functionaries of state and party, especially Professional revolutionaries Functionaries of the Komintern All policy forming party fun... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 14,400 | 14,900 |
PWs were received from the various PW camps. Koenigshaus had to prepare the orders for execution and submitted them to the chief of section IV, Mueller, for signature. These orders were made out so that one order was to be sent to the agency making the request and a second one to the concentration camp designated to ca... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 14,850 | 15,350 |
and transferred to the GESTAPO if they were guilty of crimes, had escaped and been recaptured, or refused to work or encouraged other prisoners not to work, or were screened out by Einsatzkommandos of the SIPO and SD, or were guilty of sabotage. No reports on transfers were required (1514-PS). this decree was known as ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 15,300 | 15,800 |
made in the Haftbuch to that effect. The reason assigned for the arrest and commitment of persons to concentration camps usually was that, according to the GESTAPO, the person endangered by his attitude the existence and security of the people and the State. Further specifications of grounds included such offenses as t... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 15,750 | 16,250 |
concentration camps become overburdened." (L-41) On 25 June 1943, Mueller issued an order stating that the decrees of 17 December 1942 and of 23 March 1943 had achieved the intended goal. (1063-E-PS) On 21 April 1943, the Minister of Justice declared in a letter that the RSHA had ordered on 11 March 1943 that all Jews ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 16,200 | 16,700 |
be sent from our territory daily. * * * The activity of the labor offices * * * is to be supported to the greatest extent possible. * * * When searching villages, esp. when it has become necessary to burn down a village, the whole population will be put at the disposal of the Commissions by force. * * * The most import... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 16,650 | 17,150 |
not. (532-PS) Commandos turned over to the SIPO and SD under these orders were executed. (526-PS; 2374-PS.) The affidavit of Adolf Zutter, former adjutant of Mauthausen concentration camp, states in part: "* * * Concerning the American Military Mission which landed behind the German front in the Slovakian or Hungarian ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 17,100 | 17,600 |
no word of the disposition of their cases was permitted to reach the country from which they came, or their relatives. Even when they died awaiting trial, the SIPO and SD refused to notify the families, so that anxiety would be created in the minds of the family of the arrested person. (668-PS) (8) The GESTAPO and SD a... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 17,550 | 18,050 |
all cases of assassination or attempted assassination of Germans, or where saboteurs had destroyed vital installations, not only the guilty person but also all his (or her) male relatives should be shot and the female relatives over 16 years of age put into a concentration camp. (l-37) In the summer of 1944, the Einsat... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 18,000 | 18,500 |
Chief of the German Police will order flogging in addition to detention in a concentration camp. Orders of this kind will, in the future, also be transmitted to the State Police District Office concerned. In this case, too, there is no objection to spreading the rumour of this increased punishment. * * *" (1531-PS) On ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 18,450 | 18,950 |
to carry out the Nazi program of persecution of the Jews. (L-185; L-219.) The GESTAPO was charged with the enforcement of discriminatory laws, such as those preventing Jews from engaging in business, restricting their right to travel, and prohibiting them from associating with gentiles. Violations of such restrictions ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 18,900 | 19,400 |
Gottfried Boley, Ministerialrat in the Reich Chancery, a conference on the solution of the Jewish problem, attended by representatives of the ministries, was called by Kaltenbrunner as Chief of the Security Police and SD. Boley states: "The meeting was presided over by Eichmann who had charge of Jewish problems in the ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 19,350 | 19,850 |
remaining 40,000 to 45,000 were placed in concentration camps. (1061-PS) In Denmark the Kommandeur of the SIPO and SD was ordered in September of 1943 to arrest all Danish citizens of Jewish belief and send them to Stettin by ship and from there to the concentration camp at Theresienstadt. In spite of the protests of t... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 19,800 | 20,300 |
GESTAPO. The SD "church specialists" were to be temporarily transferred to the same posts in the GESTAPO and operate an intelligence service in the church political sphere there. SD files concerning church political opposition were to be handed over to the GESTAPO, but the SD was to retain material concerning the confe... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 20,250 | 20,750 |
over the people of Germany. Its methods were utterly ruthless. It operated outside the law and sent its victims to the concentration camps. The term "GESTAPO" became the symbol of the Nazi regime of force and terror. Behind the scenes, operating secretly, the SD, through its vast network of informants, spied upon the G... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 20,700 | 21,200 |
had only limited power to commit persons to concentration camps. All cases, other than those of short duration, had to be submitted to Berlin for approval. From 1943 to the end of the war the defendant Kaltenbrunner was the Chief of the Security Police and SD in Berlin. The GESTAPO was organized on a functional basis. ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 21,150 | 21,650 |
official exhibit number assigned by the court. *071-PS Rosenberg letter to Bormann, 23 April 1941, replying to Bormann's letter of 19 April 1941 (Document 072-PS). (USA 371)......III 119 *498-PS Top Secret Fuehrer Order for killing of commandos, 18 October 1942. (USA 501).......III 416 *501-PS Collection of four docume... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 21,600 | 22,100 |
6 November 1942 concerning action "Marshfever".......III 792 *1165-PS Letter from Commandant of concentration Camp Gross Rosen, 23 October 1941, and letter of Mueller to all Gestapo offices, 9 November 1941, concerning execution of Russian PW's (USA 244)......III 821 *1276-PS Top secret letter from Chief of SIPO and SD... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 22,050 | 22,550 |
413.....IV 731 2107-PS Law on Secret State Police of 10 February 1936. 1936 Preussische Gesetzsammlung, pp. 21-22.....IV 732 2108-PS Decree for execution of Law on Secret State Police of 10 February 1936. 1936 Preussische Gesetzsammlung, pp. 22-24.....IV 732 2113-PS Decree for application of law of 30 November 1933, co... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 22,500 | 23,000 |
November 1945......V 507 2884-PS Affidavit of Walter Warlimont, 14 November 1945.....V 550 2890-PS Extracts from Befehlsblatt of the SIPO and SD.....V 557 *2990-PS Affidavit of Walter Schellenberg, 18 November 1945. (USA 526)......V 694 *2992-PS Affidavits of Hermann Graebe. (USA 494)....V 696 *3012-PS Order signed Chr... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 22,950 | 23,450 |
*L-41 Orders of Mueller, Chief of the Gestapo, 17 December 1942 and 23 March 1943, concerning transfer of workers to concentration camps. (USA 496)....VII 784 *L-51 Affidavit of Adolf Zutter, 2 August 1945. (USA 521).....VII 798 *L-53 Order from Commandant of the SIPO and SD for the Radom District to Branch Office in T... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 23,400 | 23,900 |
Order, 28 May 1934, at Düsseldorf, signed Schmid, concerning sanction of denominational youth and professional associations and distribution of publications in churches. (USA 745)....VIII 248 Affidavit A Affidavit of Erwin Lahousen, 21 January 1946, substantially the same as his testimony on direct examination before ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 6 - The Geheime Staatspolizei (GESTAPO) and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) | 23,850 | 24,206 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume 2 Chapter XV Part 7 Chapter XV... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 0 | 500 |
sailor, or to serve one's country as a soldier or sailor in time of war. The profession of arms is an honorable one, and can be honorably practiced. But it is too clear for argument that a man who commits crimes cannot plead as a defense that he committed them in uniform. It is not in the nature of things, and it is no... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 450 | 950 |
General Staff. This name persists in the public mind, but the Grosse Generalstab no longer exists in fact. There has been no such single organization, no single German General Staff, since 1918. But there has of course been a group of men responsible for the policy and acts of the Armed Forces. The fact that these men ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 900 | 1,400 |
a new over-all Armed Forces authority, known as the High Command of the Armed Forces-Oberkommando der Wehrmacht-usually known by the initials OKW. As the Air Force as well as the Army and the Navy was subordinated to OKW, coordination of all Armed Forces matters was vested in the OKW, which was in effect Hitler's perso... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 1,350 | 1,850 |
he was replaced by von Greim. OKW, OKH, OKM, and the Air Force each had its own staff. These four staffs did not have uniform designations; in the case of OKH, the staff was known as the Generalstab (General Staff); in the case of OKW, it was known as the Fuehrungstab (Operations Staff); but in all cases the functions ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 1,800 | 2,300 |
Operations Staff of OKW. The particular responsibility of the holder of this office was planning, and for this reason his office has been included in the group. The group named in the Indictment comprises all individuals who held any of these nine staff positions between February 1938 and the end of the war in May 1945... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 2,250 | 2,750 |
presented by this part of the case. These interrogators were already well versed in military intelligence and were able to converse fluently in German. The officer who briefed these interrogators emphasized that their function was objectively to inquire into and to establish facts on which the prosecution wishes to be ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 2,700 | 3,200 |
the Armed Forces (at the same time Head of State). "The members of this group were charged with the responsibility of preparing for military operations within their competent fields and they actually did prepare for any such operations as were to be undertaken by troops in the field. "Prior to any operation, members of... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 3,150 | 3,650 |
1941 onwards Warlimont, though charged with the same duties, was known as Deputy Chief of the OKW Operations Staff. "There was during World War II no unified General Staff such as the Great General Staff which operated in World War I. "Operational matters for the Army and Air Force were worked out by the group of high-... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 3,600 | 4,100 |
and Armies who were to be in charge of the campaign. Consultation would follow between the top field commanders and the top staff officers at OKW and OKH, and the plans would be revised, perfected, and refined in detail. The manner in which the group worked, involving as it did the interchange of ideas and recommendati... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 4,050 | 4,550 |
of the Armed Forces. In the meanwhile the OKH began to transmit the operational and deployment plans to the army groups and armies involved. Details of the operational and deployment plans were discussed by the OKH with the Commanders of the army groups and armies and with the Chiefs of Staff of these Commanders. "Duri... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 4,500 | 5,000 |
eight days prior to the German attack on the Soviet Union, also shows the group at work (C-78). This meeting is referred to in the last paragraph of the affidavits by Halder (3702-PS) and von Brauchitsch (3703-PS) mentioned above. This document, signed by Colonel Schmundt, Chief Wehrmacht-Adjutant to Hitler, and is dat... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 4,950 | 5,450 |
the group, were present. Also Bock, Kluge, Strauss, Guderian, Hoth, Kesselring, all members of the group, were present. It will be seen that, except for a few assisting officers of relatively junior rank, all the participants in these consultations were members of the group, and that in fact the participants in these c... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 5,400 | 5,900 |
with crimes under all four counts of the Indictment. The defendant Raeder is in a sense the senior member of the entire group, having been Commander-in-Chief of the German Navy as early as 1928. He attained the highest rank in the German Navy, Grossadmiral, and in addition to being Commander-in-Chief of the Navy he was... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 5,850 | 6,350 |
in acts which are criminal under Article 6 of the Charter. Other members of the group performed such acts. The German Armed Forces were so completely under the group's control as to make the group responsible for their activities under the last sentence of Article 6 of the Charter. (1) The Planning and Launching of War... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 6,300 | 6,800 |
very nature of things. Events and circumstances during the period 1933-36 are discussed in Section 2 of Chapter IX. Chief among these were the secret expansion of the German Navy in violation of treaty limitations, under the guidance of Raeder; the secret Reich Defense Law of 21 May 1935, adopted the same day that Germ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 6,750 | 7,250 |
been played by the National-Socialist movement in re-awakening the will to fight [Wehrwillen] in nurturing fighting strength [Wehrkraft] and in rearming the German people. In spite of all the virtue inherent in it, the numerically small Reichswehr would never have been able to cope with this task, if only because of it... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 7,200 | 7,700 |
coast up to the Gulf of Finland are all included within the borders of the Reich. Kammhuber also envisaged the future peacetime organization of the German Air Force as comprising seven "Group Commands." Four of these were to lie within the borders of Germany proper, at Berlin, Brunswick, Munich and Koenigsberg, but the... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 7,650 | 8,150 |
and in effect conducted the administrative functions of the Ministry of War. At my time Keitel was not opposed to Hitler and therefore was qualified to bring about a good understanding between Hitler and the Armed Forces, a thing which I myself desired and had furthered as Reichswehrminister and Reichskriegminister. To... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 8,100 | 8,600 |
for their recommendations by telephone, teletype or wireless, as well as by personal calls. These front commanders-in-chief thus actually became advisers to the OKH in their own field so that the positions shown in the attached chart embrace that group which was the actual advisory council of the High Command of the Ge... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 8,550 | 9,050 |
the participation of the German military leaders in the absorption of Austria (1780-PS). As is shown by Jodl's diary entry for 11 February 1938, Keitel and other generals were present at the Obersalzberg meeting between Schuschnigg and Hitler: "11 February "In the evening and on 12 February General K. with General V. R... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 9,000 | 9,500 |
same night, March 9 to 10, he calls for Goering, General V. Reichenau is called back from Cairo Olympic Committee. General V. Schobert is ordered to come, as well as Minister Glaise Horstenau, who is with the District Leader [Gauleiter] Burckel in the Palatinate. General Keitel communicates the facts at 1:45. He drives... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 9,450 | 9,950 |
pressed home with vigour before effective aid from the West could be expected to arrive." (L-172) (b) Czechoslovakia The steps in the planning for the invasion of Czechoslovakia ("Case Green" or Fall Gruen) bear the evidence of knowing and willful participation by Keitel, Jodl, and other members of the General Staff an... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 9,900 | 10,400 |
all this in order to suggest that they did not share and could not estimate Hitler's aggressive intentions, and that they carried out politically conceived orders like military automatons, with no idea whether the wars they launched and waged were aggressive or not. If these arguments are made, the Schmundt file (388-P... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 10,350 | 10,850 |
in the end they do not believe in the genius of the Fuehrer. And one does perhaps compare him with Charles XII. And since water flows downhill, this defeatism may not only possibly cause immense political damage, for the opposition between the General's opinion and that of the Fuehrer is common talk, but may also const... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 10,800 | 11,300 |
to 28, 31 to 34, 36 to 54-PS). The day the Munich Pact was signed, Jodl noted in his diary: "The Munich Pact is signed. Czechoslovakia as a power is out. Four zones as set forth will be occupied between the 2nd and 7th of October. The remaining part of mainly German character will be occupied by the 10th of October. Th... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 11,250 | 11,750 |
and the chances of success greater. They constitute, in fact, a fusion of diplomatic and military thought and strongly demonstrate the mutual inter-dependence of aggressive diplomacy and military planning. The distribution of these documents early in April 1939, in which the preparations of plans for the Polish war is ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 11,700 | 12,200 |
the German North Sea coast, as well as the air over them." (C-120) It cannot be suggested that these are hypothetical plans, or that the General Staff and High Command Group did not know what was in prospect. The plans show on their face that they are in earnest and no war game. The point is reinforced by Schmundt's no... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 12,150 | 12,650 |
of waiting for the arrival of stronger, non-motorized units. The Army High Command will then give the correspondingly later time for the crossing of the frontier. The endeavour to obtain a quick success will be maintained. "The Army Group Commands and the Army Commands (A.O.K.) will make their preparations on the basis... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 12,600 | 13,100 |
of the army as well to counteract the marching up of the Polish Army. "Accordingly all units have to keep the initiative against the foe by quick action and ruthless attacks." (2327-PS) Finally, a week before the actual onslaught, when all the military plans have been laid, The General Staff and High Command Group all ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 13,050 | 13,550 |
gives every indication of having been issued by Hitler. The following are pertinent extracts: "The aim of the Anglo-French conduct of war is to dissolve or disintegrate the 80 million state again so that in this manner the European equilibrium, in other words the balance of power, which serves their ends, may be restor... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 13,500 | 14,000 |
in their attitude, and in their actions, both countries are dependent upon the West, in the highest degree. If England and France promise themselves a successful result at the price of Belgian neutrality, they are at any time in a position to apply the necessary pressure. That is to say, without covering themselves wit... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 13,950 | 14,450 |
gamble. I have to choose between victory or destruction. I choose victory. Greatest historical choice, to be compared with the decision of Friedrich the Great before the first Silesian war. Prussia owes its rise to the heroism of one man. Even there the closest advisers were disposed to capitulation. Everything depende... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 14,400 | 14,900 |
these countries appears possible even in a war of long duration." (L-52) But a week previous, on 3 October 1939, Raeder had caused a questionnaire to be circulated within the Naval War Staff, seeking comments on the advantages which might be gained from a naval standpoint by securing bases in Norway and Denmark (C-122)... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 14,850 | 15,350 |
and Jodl also attended (C-64). In the meantime, illustrating the close link between the service chiefs and the Nazi politicians, Raeder was in touch with Rosenberg on the possibilities of using Quisling (C-65). As result of all this, on Hitler's instructions Keitel issued an OKW directive on 27 January 1940. The direct... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 15,300 | 15,800 |
the Low Countries; and that at some points there even was doubt as to whether all these attacks were necessary from a military stand point. But there is not a single entry which reflects any hesitancy, from a moral angle, on the part of Jodl or any of the people he mentions to overrun these neutral countries. On 1 Febr... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 15,750 | 16,250 |
the Low Countries took place 10 days thereafter. France and the Low Countries fell, Italy joined the war on the side of Germany, and the African campaign began. In the meantime, Goering's Air Force hammered at England unsuccessfully, and the planned invasion of Britain ("Operation Seeloewe") never came to pass. In Octo... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 16,200 | 16,700 |
The advance of the Russians against Finland and the Baltic States in 1939-40 probably further strengthened him in this idea. "The fear that control of the air over the Channel in the autumn of 1940 could no longer be attained-a realization which the Fuehrer, no doubt, gained earlier than the Naval War Staff, who were n... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 16,650 | 17,150 |
to cultivate good will toward the country he represents. Ribbentrop is not indicted for doing these things. It is the usual function of a politician to weigh and determine matters of national policy and to draft regulations and decrees and make speeches. Hess, Frick, and the other politician-defendants are not indicted... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 17,100 | 17,600 |
other leaders, participated knowingly and willfully in these illegal plans and wars. Brauchitsch, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, and his Chief of Staff, Halder; Warlimont the deputy to Jodl and chief repository of plans-in the nature of things these men knew all that was going on, and participated fully, as the ev... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 17,550 | 18,050 |
peoples of other nations. It is committed by the political leaders who purport to represent and execute the national will. It is committed by the diplomats who handle the nation's foreign policy and endeavor to create a favorable diplomatic setting for successful warfare, and by the chief ministers who adapt the machin... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 18,000 | 18,500 |
modern civilization, but with the law of the jungle. The military leaders share responsibility with other leaders of a nation. Obviously the military leaders are not the final and exclusive arbiters, and the German military leaders do not bear exclusive responsibility for the aggressive wars which were waged. If the le... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 18,450 | 18,950 |
conjunction with the SS and SD in carrying out tasks then known by such respectable sounding terms as "pacification," "cleansing," and "elimination of insecure elements." (a) Murder of Commandos, Paratroopers, and Members of Military Missions. This story starts with an order issued by Hitler on 18 October 1942 (498-PS)... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 18,900 | 19,400 |
occupied territories for instance, they are to be handed over immediately to the SD. Any imprisonment under military guard, in PW Stockades for instance, etc., is strictly prohibited, even if this is only intended for a short time. "5. This order does not apply to the treatment of any enemy soldiers who in the course o... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 19,350 | 19,850 |
plant, for instance, can deprive the Luftwaffe of many thousand tons of aluminum, thereby eliminating the construction of countless aircraft that will be missed in the fight at the front and so contribute to serious damage of the Homeland as well as bloody losses of the fighting soldiers. "Yet this form of war is compl... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 19,800 | 20,300 |
behind their back the essentials of nourishment as well as the supply of war-important weapons and ammunition remains secure. "These are the reasons for the issuance of this decree. "If it should become necessary, for reasons of interrogation, to initially spare one man or two, then they are to be shot immediately afte... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 20,250 | 20,750 |
No. 1 SKL 1 Ops 2108/42 Top Secret of October 27, 42) was given the protection of Top Secret merely because it is stated therein: "1. That, according to the Fuehrer's views the spreading of military sabotage organizations in the East and West may have portentous consequences for our whole conduct of the war and "2. Tha... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 20,700 | 21,200 |
number unknown. At present the prisoners are with the Bn. in Egersund." "Beside the 17 member crew extensive sabotage material and work equipment were found. Therefore the sabotage purpose was absolutely proved. The 280th Inf. Div. (J.D.) ordered the execution of the action according to the Fuehrer's order. The executi... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 21,150 | 21,650 |
announces the following about it: "In Northern Norway an enemy sabotage unit was engaged and destroyed on approaching the coast." (526-PS) Similar action took place in the Italian theater. A telegram (509-PS) from the Supreme Commander in Italy to OKW, dated 7 November 1493, shows that on 2 November 1943 three British ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 21,600 | 22,100 |
follows: On the night of 22 March 1944, two officers and thirteen enlisted men of the 2677th Special Reconnaissance Battalion of the Army of the United States disembarked from some United States Navy boats and landed on the Italian coast near Stazione di Framura. All fifteen men were members of the Army of the United S... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 22,050 | 22,550 |
until the end of the war. On 22 June 1944 in a document initialed by Warlimont (506-PS) the OKW made it clear that the Hitler order was to be applied even in cases where the commando operation was undertaken by only one person: "WFSt agrees with the view taken in the letter of the army group judge [Heeresgruppenrichter... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 22,500 | 23,000 |
in open combat in the immediate combat area of the beachhead by our troops committed there, or who surrender. Our troops committed in the immediate combat area means the divisions fighting on the front line as well as reserves up to and including corps headquarters. "3. Furthermore, in doubtful cases enemy personnel wh... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 22,950 | 23,450 |
recommended that the order should be applied to these military missions and drew up a draft order to this effect. The order which actually resulted from these discussions (537-PS), dated 30 July 1944 and signed by Keitel, provides: "Re: Treatment of members of foreign 'Military Missions,' captured together with partisa... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 23,400 | 23,900 |
of war crimes by members of the German Armed Forces, and that these orders were carried out in numerous instances. (b) War Crimes on the Eastern Front. The order of October 1942 with respect to the murdering of captured commandos operated chiefly in the Western theater of war, against British and American commando troo... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 23,850 | 24,350 |
maintaining discipline. "The fact that the operational areas in the East are so farflung, the battle strategy which this necessitates, and the peculiar qualities of the enemy, confront the courts-martial with problems which, being short-staffed, they cannot solve while hostilities are in progress, and until some degree... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 24,300 | 24,800 |
primarily by Bolshevik influence and that no German has forgotten this fact. "3. Therefore the judicial authority will decide in such cases whether a disciplinary penalty is indicated, or whether legal measures are necessary. In the case of offences against inhabitants it will order a court martial only if maintenance ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 24,750 | 25,250 |
of this opportunity of making difficulties for the German occupying forces by associating themselves with the Communist insurrection. "This creates an increasing danger to the German war effort, which shows itself chiefly in general insecurity for the occupying troops, and has already led to the withdrawal of forces to... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 25,200 | 25,700 |
elimination of Asiatic influence from the European culture. In this connection the troops are facing tasks which exceed the one-sided routine of soldiering. The soldier in the eastern territories is not merely a fighter according to the rules of the art of war but also a bearer of ruthless national ideology and the ave... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 25,650 | 26,150 |
found using firearms in the rear of the army drastic measures are to be taken. These measures will be extended to that part of the male population who were in a position to hinder or report the attacks. The indifference of numerous apparently anti-Soviet elements which originates from a 'wait and see' attitude, must gi... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 26,100 | 26,600 |
"pacification" and "anti-partisan activity" are mere code words for "extermination of Jews and Slavs" just as much as "Weserubung" was a code word for the invasion and subjugation of Norway and Denmark. Documents quoted earlier show that the German Army was operating under similar policies and directives. It only remai... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 26,550 | 27,050 |
cleared by the Armed Forces and the Police in December. The population of Begomie was predominantly favorable to us. Begomie, which has been fortified as a strong point by the partisans, has been destroyed by German Air Attacks during the fighting." (R-135) The SS Obergruppenfuehrer von dem Bach referred to in this quo... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 27,000 | 27,500 |
not put in an immediate appearance, at least in the beginning, since the extraordinarily harsh measures were apt to stir even German circles. It had to be shown to the world that the native population itself took the first action by way of natural reaction against the suppression by Jews during several decades and agai... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 27,450 | 27,950 |
extending to the Communists who had been left behind. "These self-cleansing actions went smoothly because the Army authorities who had been informed showed understanding for this procedure. From the beginning it was obvious that only the first days after the occupation would offer the opportunity for carrying out pogro... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 27,900 | 28,400 |
far as I remember, the Chief of Amt 4 of the RSHA (SS-Brigadefuehrer Mueller), in the name of the Chief of the RSHA (SS-Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich), held discussions with the Generalquartiermeister of the Army (General Wagner) about questions connected with the operations of the SIPO and SD within the bounds of the Field ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 28,350 | 28,850 |
further clarification. "The agreement made it clear that the administrative subordination embraced not only disciplinary subordination but also the obligation for rear headquarters of the Field Army to support the Combat Groups and Combat Commandos in matters of supply (gasoline, rations, etc.) as well as in the use of... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 28,800 | 29,300 |
as I remember, all of the Ic officers of all army groups, armies, army corps and some of the divisions which were to take part in the coming Russian campaign were called in by Wagner, together with Heydrich and the Chief of the Amt for Counter-Intelligence Abroad in the OKW (Admiral Canaris) for a general conference in... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 29,250 | 29,750 |
particular attention. In the Army Operations Section of the Operations Staff of the OKW a specific officer was assigned the development of counter-partisan warfare as his special job. It proved necessary to conduct extensive operations against the partisans with Wehrmacht troops in Russian as well as Yugoslavian territ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 29,700 | 30,200 |
orders which were issued through official channels, only a few prisoners were taken. In accordance with orders, Jews, political commissars and agents were delivered up to the SD. "The number of enemy dead mentioned in official reports was very high in comparison with our own losses. From the documents which have been s... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 30,150 | 30,650 |
was that the excesses of the SD units by way of execution of Jews and other persons assumed such proportions as to threaten the security of the Army in its combat areas because of the aroused civilian populace. Although in general the special tasks of the SD units were well known and appeared to be carried out with the... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 30,600 | 31,100 |
spring of 1943 as successor to former SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Kurt Knoblauch. My last rank was Generalmajor of Police and of the Waffen-SS. My function was to furnish forces necessary for antipartisan warfare to the higher SS and police leaders and to guarantee the support of army forces. This took place through personal... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 31,050 | 31,550 |
Jews, agents and political commissars, should without delay be handed over by the troops to the SD for special treatment. This order also contained the provision that in anti-partisan warfare no prisoners except the above named be taken. That anti-partisan warfare was carried on by army troops mercilessly and to every ... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 31,500 | 32,000 |
process, immediately and ruthlessly. This order extended to all units of the Eastern Army. Although the order was supposed to be relayed to companies, the Commanding General of the XXXVII Panzer Corps (General of Panzer Troops Lemelsen) forbade its being passed on to the troops because it appeared unacceptable to him f... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 31,950 | 32,450 |
the local populace as well as anti-partisan warfare in operational areas, in pursuance of orders from the OKW, was the responsibility of the Generalquartiermeister of the OKH. "4. It had always been my personal opinion that the treatment of the civilian population and the methods of anti-partisan warfare in operational... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 32,400 | 32,900 |
ranking German officers on the Eastern Front. No doubt some of them disapproved of what was going on. Nonetheless, the full support of the military leaders continued to be given to these activities. The record is clear that the General Staff and High Command Group, including the defendants, who were members of the Grou... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 32,850 | 33,350 |
arm Germany to the point where the German will could be imposed on the rest of the world; and who gladly joined with the most evil forces at work in Germany. "Hitler produced the results which all of us warmly desired", Blomberg and Blaskowitz say, and that is obviously the truth. The converse is no less clear; the mil... | Yale Avalon (nca_vol2): Part 7 - The General Staff and the High Command of the Armed Forces | 33,300 | 33,800 |
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