[
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "001-PS : Jewish Possessions in France",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/001-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 001-PS\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 001-PS\nCopy to Regional Leader of the NSDAP\nExtract of par. 1 to DEGENHARD 15 April\nSECRET\nDocumentary Memorandum for the Fuehrer\nConcerning: Jewish Possessions in France\nIn compliance with the order of the Fuehrer for protection of Jewish, cultural possessions, a great number of Jewish dwellings remained unguarded. Consequently, many furnishings have disappeared, because a guard could, naturally, not be posted. In the whole East, the administration has found terrible conditions of living quarters, and the chances of procurement are so limited that it is not practical to procure any more. Therefore I beg the Fuehrer to permit the seizure of all Jewish home furnishings of Jews in Paris, who have fled, or will leave shortly, and that of Jews living in all parts of the occupied West, to relieve the shortage of furnishings in the administration in the East.\n2. A great number of leading Jews were, after a short examination in Paris, again released. The attempts on the lives of members of the armed forces have not stopped, on the contrary they continue. This reveals an unmistakable plan to disrupt the German-French cooperation, to force Germany to retaliate, and, with this, evoke a new defense on the part of the French against Germany. I suggest to the Fuehrer that, instead of executing 100 Frenchmen, we substitute 100 Jewish bankers, lawyers, etc. It is the Jews in London and New York who incite the French communists to commit acts of violence, and it seems only fair that the members of this race should pay for this. It is not the little Jews, but the leading Jews in France, who should be held responsible. That would tend to awaken the Anti-Jewish sentiment.\nBERLIN 12/18/191941\nR/H\nsigned: A. ROSENBERG\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 479,
    "char_count": 2781,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "002-PS : Scientific Instititutes",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/002-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.002-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 002-PS\nSECRET\n25 March 1943\nPresident of Reich Research Dept.\nHead of Executive Council\nTo the Reichsminister of Finance\nBerlin W 8\nWilhelmplatz 1-2\nRef 503/43 G SR/GE\nIn regard to our correspondence of the 19th Dec (\nJ 4761-171 I g III. Ang\n) to which I gave you a preliminary communication on the\n19th Feb\n, I finally take the following position:\nThe Surgeon General-SS and Police, in a personal discussion told me that the budget which he administers concerns primarily the purely military sector of the Waffen SS. As for the small part used for the enlarging of scientific research possibilities, it pertains exclusively to such affairs that can be carried out only with the material (prisoners), which is accessible to the Waffen SS and can therefore not be undertaken by any other experimental agency.\nI cannot object therefore on the part of the Reich Experimental Counsel against the budget of the Surgeon General-SS and Police.\nSigned: Mentzel\nMinisterialdirektor\n-----------------\nSECRET\nReich Leader SS\nReich Surgeon SS and Police\nFile: 135/ Secret / 43 TG, NR 24/13 geh.\nBerlin 26 Feb 43\nSubj.: Scientific Institutes\nRef to: Correspondence of 2/19/1943 Rf. 234/43 SR.\nTo the Head of the Executive Counsel of the Reich Research Counsel\nMinisterialdirektor Mentzel\nBerlin-Steglitz\nGrunewaldstrasse 35\nMy dear Ministerialdirektor:\nIn acknowledgment of your letter of\n19 Feb 1943\n, I am able to reply the following to it today:\nThe appropriation for the 53 key positions for my office which you made the basis of your memorandum as planned for peace times.\nThe special institutes of the SS which are to be partly staffed through this appropriation are to serve the purpose to establish and make accessible for the entire realm of scientific research, the particular possibilities of research only possessed by the SS.\nIn view of the further developments of this war, I have already shelved this plan for the time being as the result of negotiations with the Reich Finance Minister in the past year, so that my authorized personnel amounts to 25 key positions only. Of these positions, only 5 are filled at present.\nUnder these circumstances our objections with regard to an unreasonable overlapping of work of scientific institutes for the war's duration are void.\nI will gladly be at your disposal at any time, however, to discuss the particular research aims in connection with the SS, which I would like to start after the war according to the direction of the Reich leader SS.\nFurthermore, it is important that these researches--once their realization appears possible, will be tied in with the related research aims of the state.\nHoping to have served you with my preliminary summary, I remain with best greetings and\nHeil Hitler\nGRAWITZ\n----------------\n25 March 1943\nPres. of Reich Research Counsel\nHead of Executive Counsel\nTo the Surgeon General SS and Police SS Lt. Gen. Prof. Dr. Grawitz\nBerlin W 15\nKnesebeckstr. 51\nRf. 504./43 g SR/Ge.\nPertaining to: Letter of 26 Feb 1943\nFile: 135/geh. 43-Tgb.Nr. 24/43 g.\nI am sending the enclosed carbon copy of my letter to the Reichsminister of Finance in regard to the conversation of 11 March, this year, for your information\nHeil Hitler!\n[rubber stamp] Signed: Mentzel\nMinisterialdirektor SS Major General\nBerlin-Steglitz\nGrunewaldstr. 35\n19 Feb 1943\nPres. Reich Research Counsel\nHead of Executive Counsel\nTo the Surgeon General SS and Police SS Lt. Gen. Prof. Dr. Grawitz\nW 15 Knesebeckstr. 51\nRECEIPT\nLetter Nr.\nDate\nNr. of Pieces\nRf. 234/43 Sr.\n19 Feb 1943\n1\nSent on: 20 Feb 1943\nReceived on: 22 Feb 1943\n[Seal]\n[Signature illegible]\nSS Lt. Col.\nSignature of person receiving and opened registered letter\n--------------------\nSECRET\n19 Feb 1943\nReich Research Counsel\nRf. 234/43 Sr.\nThe Head of Executive Counsel of the Reich Research Counsel\nTo the Surgeon General SS and Police SS Lt. Gen. Pl of. Dr. Grawitz\nBerlin W. 15\nKnesebeckstr. 51\nThe Reich minister of finance told me that you requested 53 leading positions (BES. GR C3-C8) for your office, partly for a new research institute.\nAfter the Reichsmarshall of the Great-German Reich had, as President of the Reich Research Counsel, taken over all German research he issued directives, among other things, that in the execution of militarily important scientific tasks, the available institutions, including equipment and personnel, should be utilized to the utmost for reasons of necessary economy of effort.\nThe founding of new institutes is therefore only possible in as far as there are no institutes available for the furtherance of important war research tasks.\nAs I don't know your personal purpose and have insufficient information from the explanation the Reich finance minister gave me about the planned institute, I would be thankful if you would further explain your plans and purposes.\nI will gladly be at the disposal of one of your co-workers for an interview or would be ready to call upon you personally.\nI wish you would inform me as to when and where these discussions may take place.\nHeil Hitler!\n[rubber stamp ] Signed: Mentzel\nMinisterialdirektor SS Major General\n----------------\nSECRET\nREICH RESEARCH COUNSEL\nRf. 232/43 Sr.\nTo the Reich Minister of Finance\nHead of Executive Counsel of the Reich Research Counsel\nBerlin W. 8\nWilhelmplatz 1-2\nYou notified me on the 19th Dec. (\nJ4761-174 I g III, Ang\n) concerning the research work by the Surgeon General SS and Police, and asked me what stand I take. Since the work of the state chief of research started originally in the armament department, I was unable to clear up any questions pertaining to the medical department, which came up in the last weeks. But I shall do so in the near future, and I believe I can already say that the new institutes requested by the surgeon general of SS and police will be unnecessary since other institutes can cover these planned missions.\nI shall have a conference with the surgeon general SS and police pertaining to details of this planned work and, at that time, I shall let you know what my final stand will be. I would like to suggest, therefore, to defer the decisions at this time.\nIn this connection I state that the health officer, State Secretary Conti approached the president of the research counsel requesting funds to establish an institute for virus research in Frankfurt on Main.\nInvestigations to date have shown that the institute is not necessary since the planned work can, without doubt, be done * * *\nPres. Reich Research Counsel\nHead of Executive Counsel\nBerlin-Steglitz 19 Feb 1943\nGrunewaldstr .35.\nTo the Reichsminister of Finance\nW. 8, Wilhelmplatz 1-2\nRECEIPT\nLetter Nr.\nDate\nNr. of Pieces\nRf. 232/43 Sr.\n19 Feb 1943\n1\nSent on: 2 Feb 1943\nReceived on:\nReceived 22 Feb. 43 Reich Finance Minister\n[Seal] [Signature illegible]\nSignature of person receiving and opening\n--------------------\nSECRET\nThe Reich Minister of Finance\nJ4761-174 I g III, Ang\nBerlin 19 Dec. 1942\nWilhelmplatz 1/2 Tel. 120015 Postal Check Acct. Berlin Nr. 25956\nAssumption of Research Mission By the Surgeon General SS and Police\nThe surgeon general SS and police has requested 53 key positions for the new organization of his office ( Bes. Gr. C3-38 ). The organization plan shows that the surgeon general SS and police plans not only special experts for \"Research\" in pharmaceutical chemistry, in dental and clinical services and a special section of scientific service, but also that plans are desired for a string of institutes which likewise deal mainly with research work:\n1. Central Institute for Medical Scientific Exploitation\n2. Institute for the History of Medicine\n3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Institute\n4. Pharmacy for Military Requirements\n5. Special Institute Sachenhausen\n6. Pathological Institute\n7. Hygienic Research Institute\nIn the informal discussions it was referred to the fact that the plans for the research arrangements for the Waffen-SS can only be granted if the research missions which the Surgeon General SS embarked upon are not already undertaken by other independent institutes, resp. by the universities, or belong to their sphere.\nThe Hygienic Institute, according to the proposed plan, includes the following seven divisions:\n1. Division for combating epidemics with bacteriological and serological laboratories\n2. Division for hygiene with corresponding laboratories\n3. Division for chemistry with chemical laboratories\n4. Division for geology and hydrology\n[Reich Research Counsel\nIn care of Ministerialdirektor, Prof. Dr. Mentzel]\n5. Division for climatology and geography, especially in preparation for cultural waging of war in subtropical and tropical lands in Africa\n6. Division for statistics and epidemic forecast which will, with new developments, work against the spreading of epidemics for the coming years\n7. Division for the elimination of epidemics which will chiefly concern itself with new installation of apparatus for delousing and sterilization of drinking water for the fighting troops\nI lack accurate data for other institutes. I have set aside the decision on this budget.\nRegarding the decree of the Fuehrer of the 9th June 42, (RGBL. I, 389), and the emphasized necessity of coordinated scientific research, I ask for your immediate opinion on the matter.\nSigned: Dr. Bender\nCertified Cunsich Chief Tax Secretary\n(RGBL I 389)\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 1715,
    "char_count": 10414,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "003-PS : A Short Report of the Activity of the Foreign Policy Office (APA)",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/003-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.003-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 003-PS\nA Short Report of the Activity of the Foreign Policy Office (APA)\nThe mission of the Foreign Policy Office (APA) of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) could not from its founding be considered a replica of the development of the Foreign Office, but is restricted in a very definite manner. From the entire foreign policy complex the following concrete problems have been selected:\nThe German-English Relationship, the North Eastern Region, the South Eastern Region (Danube Region) along with boundary peoples holding interests in these regions, and Soviet Russia.\nWith the realization that the entire present day foreign policy is tied together in the closest manner with the question of foreign trade, a definite division was established to deal with this subject. Thus the following divisions were set up in the APA.:\nEngland, the North, the South-East Region, the Near East, Foreign Trade, and the Press.\n1. England:\nThe attempts to find persons in England who had the desire to understand the German movement date back to 1929. Our English agent R. in Berlin made possible my first trip to London in 1931. There a number of connections were made which worked out well in a practical fashion to bring about a German-English understanding. Above all was Group Leader W., member of the Air General Staff, who was firmly of the belief that Germany and England must stand together in the defense against the Bolshevist danger. These different voicings of opinions had the result that the circle in the English Air General Staff enlarged and the Flying Club became a center of German-English understanding. In 1934 Group Leader W. came to Germany where he was received by the Fuehrer (Hitler). The utterances of the Fuehrer had the result to further strengthen these already favorably inclined policies, and since this time this cordiality has not been broken. The Air General Staff always inquired of us what they could state to refute the anti-German elements in London in a manner favorable to us. The German arguments were then applied in a corresponding manner. In contrast to certain English persons who would speak out very fervently for Germany, only to speak the contrary some months later, this staunch group, namely, the Air General Staff which was run by the younger officers, had proven itself to be a solid and conscious support in all changing situations. Not least in this influence was the great speech of Baldwin of the previous year in which he promised Germany the right to air protection. The English periodical \"The Airplane\" which is printed under the guidance of the Air General Staff, began to express against Bolshevism in an always increasing sharper tone, 'and always declared, when there was agitation against German militarism, that one could today feel well pleased if Germany had a strong air force to combat the Asiatic barbarism. The English ministers who did not wish to adopt this point of view were sharply criticized. In the change of foreign ministers the pro-French candidate for foreign office was not selected, but rather the ex-Minister of Air, Samuel Hoare. who till this day still keeps up his personal contacts with the Air Ministry. Upon his request a memorandum on the spiritual foundation of national socialism, inspired by us, was translated to him; it being his desire to understand our movement more fully.\nDuring the reign of MacDonald this feeling of cordiality was supported through the private secretary of MacDonald, Mr. Badlow whom I also met in 1933 and with whom I had extensive discussions. Since this time he has constantly been informed through us, and has had more than one heated difference of opinion with MacDonald over this subject.\nA resulting activity of this connection with the British Air General Staff was the establishment of a liaison between our Air Ministry and the British fliers. However, before it was possible for us to reveal our armament, W. revealed to me on official stationery of the British Air Ministry, a representative of the airplane motor factory which was engaged in producing motors for the British Air Force, and which said representative I later met here in Berlin. Since the German industry itself had attained production capacity by now, this almost official British offer for German air arming could not be fully accepted. However, the Chief of our England Division (Kapitaenleutnant Obermueller, reserve) took two representatives of the German Air Ministry to London and himself undertook several trips to London. He was the first German to receive an invitation from the vice-Air Marshal to view the British Air Force and British air strength. The APA had placed an automobile at the disposal of this same Air Marshal in which to tour Germany when he was in Germany last year. A firmer bond has also been accomplished between our English Division and Henry Deterding and his associates. Misunderstandings in matter of taxes pertaining to the German possessions of Deterding could be removed, thus preventing a change of management in respect to Deterding and the Shell Works whereby Germany would have lost some large contracts.\nAt the close of last year we received the message that the King of England has expressed himself to be very dissatisfied over the official press agency. The visit of the Duke of Kent to Munich had made matters still worse pertaining to the King's views on the press agency. Consequently we one day received the request from London to make possible that our English agent take a trip to London in order to orient the Duke of Kent in every detail pertaining to national socialism in order to convey this information to the King. R. went with me to London exactly as requested and there had an over three hour long unobserved conference with the Duke of Kent, who then conveyed this to the King of England. One can assume that this instruction has served its purpose and exerted a definite strengthening pressure for change of cabinet and head it in a direction of closer cordiality for Germany.\nA number of Englishmen were invited to the Party Day of 1934, of which some at least portrayed a favorable attitude towards Germany. Above all was Captain McCaw, semi-official counsel of the English Ministry of War and liaison man between other ministries. McCaw was previously adjutant to Lord Kitchener, and as we ascertained, has worked for a German-British understanding in official quarters. Besides, there was also the truly enthusiastic adjutant of the Duke of Connaught (uncle of the English King), Archibald Boyle, who was called upon all matters of foreign policy by the Air Transport Ministry, and who worked for the same purpose. To these important contacts may be added a great number of other connections with British politicians, officers, and members of Parliament.\nIt naturally is to be understood that other personalities of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) had important connections in England and have utilized them. In conclusion I believe I can say that the England Division of the Foreign Policy Office (APA), in spite of many difficulties and counter-currents upon which I will not enter any further, has done its duty in the special purpose of helping to create a German-English understanding.\n2. Northern Division:\nThe winning over of the Scandinavian countries to the side of Germany appears as a foregone necessity for future German foreign policy, but the necessity is also as great to prevent the Scandinavian countries from making a clean entry into the circle of anti-German countries. The political possibilities towards these Marxist governments were extremely difficult. Trade policies, according to my belief, have suffered most through sins of omissions, hence the APA restricted itself more to the cultural political field. For this purpose it expanded the Nordic (Scandinavian) Society. This formerly small society has grown to be a decisive bond in the German-Scandinavian relationship since its support by the APA two years ago. The society's leader, Lohse is selected by the APA. The offices in all sections [Gau] are headed by corresponding section chiefs [Gauleiter]. Trade groups and other organizations and branches of the party which have dealings with Scandinavia have come to agreement so that almost all of the traffic between Germany and Scandinavia today passes through the hands of the Nordic Society. The society has to date celebrated in Germany all memorial days of great Nordic scientists and artists (Hamsun, Holberg, Heidenstam) and has brought a number of Nordic conductors to Germany, as well as having furthered Nordic literature. Through its periodical \"The North\" [Der Norden] thoughts have been exchanged. Finally, personal relations were increasingly favored through conventions. Especially was the Convention of 1935 a complete success. This convention met under the sanctity of the Scandinavian ministers in Germany and the German ministers in Scandinavia, as far as it applied to the Nordic Music Conclave as the main purpose of the convention. The committee was composed of the authoritative Nordic Music Society. Fourteen sold out concerts and over 200 Scandinavian visitors attest to the success of the convention.\nThereupon the First National Finnish Art Exhibition came to Germany, followed by the request of the Finnish Government to the APA to hold a German exposition in Helsinki in 3/1936. These psychologically valuable affiliations have undoubtedly loosened the tension in many circles and it would do well for a clever trade policy to make use of this loosened tension, as for example, the trade treaties between England and Finland expire in 1936. The Chief of the Northern Division is my private secretary, Thilo von Trotha.\n3. Southeast (Danube-Region):\nSince the Fuehrer (Hitler) has reserved Austria for his own, the APA has relayed on to the responsible places any reports from Austria, and has not dealt in Austrian politics. Relations with Hungary were immediately established. The APA invited Premier Gombos to Berlin in 1933 for a private visit where he was presented to the Fuehrer. The Fuehrer took him along to Erfurt to observe a review of the SA. Specific discussions were undertaken with Hungary to convince her of the futility of her demands for 100% revision of boundaries. Finally in August of 1935 I spoke with his excellence von Angian and made clear to him that although we well understood her own interests, the necessity that Hungary must decline its revision demands upon Yugoslavia and Rumania and address its demands to Czechoslovakia. One can assume that the Hungarians are now ready to realize the necessity of the boundary revisions as proposed.\nExceptionally long and drawn out discussions were in process with Rumania because definite measures were necessary, not because we did not wish to be intervening in Rumanian affairs without being called, but because we had to await the attitude of the Party as a result of the King of Rumania sending a friend to Berlin. Here on Rumanian soil a bitter battle was going on between the pro-French Titulesco and Jewish elements on one side against the anti-Jewish elements on the other side. The King is well aware of the fact that in the end his support of Bolshevism may cost him his throne. However, he is so intimidated by the threats of France, so as not to call for an election, and hopes only that the powers of the people, which are mounting against Titulesco, are so strong that he can support himself upon the will of the people. In order to create unity of expression the APA suggested formation of a large German-Rumanian Chamber of Commerce in Berlin. The profits of this business were not to benefit any private associates, but were to go to those groups that worked for a German-Rumanian understanding. Because of a false report of Herr von Neurath to the Fuehrer (Hitler) in which it was stated as though the action were taken in the name of the Fuehrer, the work was delayed and hindered and finally stopped, even though all of the ministers concerned had agreed to the plan. Through this many costly months were lost and the APA was forced to try other means. Since it was not possible to work with money, many conferences were arranged between the coming Premier Goga. Finally, an agreement which had been considered impossible, was concluded between Goga and the anti-Semitic leader Cuza. Cuza, upon my wish, deleted several points from his program, after which he informed us that it was necessary in the interest of his fatherland (Rumania) and a German-Rumanian understanding that he comply with my wish, as he had recognized in me an unyielding anti-Semite. I have informed the Fuehrer of the complicated later relationships in numerous reports. Germany is fighting France and Bolshevism in Rumania, and when affairs have progressed so as to warrant further discussion, the King of Rumania will invite me to a visit to discuss the matter further.\nFeelers have been sent out to Belgrade through Rumania. Here also exists the possibility of splitting the \"lesser entente,\" but as far as I can ascertain, Yugoslavia is not considering withdrawal from this alliance singly under certain guarantees, but will withdraw together with Rumania. The work in Rumania has to a part been undertaken by Herr Duckwitz, but especially by Party-Member Schickedanz.\nThe Near East:\nNext it was necessary that the position of the national socialistic movement be secured not only within the confines of the Party but also in public life. This was the more so necessary since the old Rapallo Treaty was constantly being discussed in the universities in numerous lectures. In relation with this was the Near East Ideology of Moeller van dem Brock which exerted its influence deep within the Party. The APA proceeded in the most tenacious fashion to prevent the proponents of the Rapallo school from coming to the universities, although this was not always possible. he APA prevented that instructional lectures of the School of Rapallo and Moeller van dem Brock were held within the Party and other societies. Through the Reich Ministry for the Furtherance of German Literature were issued many sharp criticisms over the eastern ideology of Moeller van dem Brock to all government and party offices. Furthermore, Dr. Leibrandt, the Chief of the Near East Division delivered several speeches on this matter to Party Conventions, student societies, and so forth. It was this activity which caused the APA to make enemies with many governmental offices until the Fuehrer in his speech of May 21 set forth the authenticity of this work and forced a withdrawal of those who opposed this activity of the APA. From there on the Near East Division has pursued the entire current Russian political activity, collected and examined current Russian reports, made an exact study of the minority feelings in Russia and contacted anti-Soviet circles, although only for purposes of study. The Near East Division has supplied other divisions, namely the English Division with necessary material about Russia, as well as making available to the Press Division material for \"Dem Voelkischen Beobachter\" [official Nazi Party newspaper].\nForeign Trade:\nIn all these political connections the question of foreign trade played an important part. Reluctantly one must say that it was just in this field, according to my view, that much opportunity has been lost. First of all, the Manchuko Incident, which came to the attention of the Fuehrer, was without question sabotaged in the worst fashion by the Foreign Offices in Berlin and Tokio. Still, it is of significance that the form of the reciprocal trade treaties which were written up by the Foreign Trade Division serve as models for many other governmental treaties. In many instances the division was able to establish order when things had been greatly neglected, as the German-Finnish Discussions (for which the chief of the Foreign Trade Division received the Finnish decoration), the German-Norwegian Wal Agreement, and a great number of other questions. Problems dealing with the foreign trade of Germany and the middle east (Turkey and Iran) were also attacked. One may say today that a very cheerful cooperation has been established in this field between the representative of the Foreign Office and our Foreign Trade Division. The German-Rumanian question was tackled by our Foreign Trade Division during all this time, but unfortunately did not produce the desired results. The Foreign Trade Division produced a stimulus for German industry on the question of German-Russian credit. As things stood, greedy circles in heavy industry threatened the interests of the medium and small industries whom they were willing to sacrifice for the tempting Soviet business. Seventy million marks would have been lost in this deal because Russia would not accept the decisions of the Board of Arbitration, while heavy industry was willing to forego this sum. Through the intervention of the APA the situation was changed. Shortly thereafter the Board of Arbitration again met and acknowledged the claims of little and medium business, and divided among the several categories, thus saving the German Reich 70 million marks.\nThe Foreign Trade Division worked under the theory, that the question of foreign trade would be a rapid development, and therefore formulated exact recommendations in the discussions. The recommended foreign trade drafts, as were recommended in these discussions, were not refuted by Wagemann nor Josias Stamp in London. Opposition, however, has arisen in the Reich Ministry of Commerce, which apparently, ho ever, has not given the matter a very exact examination. Thus the matter rests German foreign trade has not progressed, and the forced taxation by means of export duties of over 700 million marks for German industry in 1935 can only be considered an emergency measure and not a fundamental policy. Here again the APA recommends to the Fuehrer to give these proposals a trial.\nParty Member Daitz has worked with initiative on questions of foreign trade. Party Member Malletke, who has proven himself to be a far-seeing associate, has conducted the daily administration and the examination of all problems.\nThe Press:\nThe Press Division of the APA is comprised of persons who together master all the languages that are in use. Daily they examine approximately 300 newspapers and deliver to the Fuehrer, the deputy Fuehrer, and all other interested offices the condensations of the important trends of the entire world press. I know that these press reports are highly praised by all who constantly follow them. The Press Division furthermore conducts an exact archives on the attitudes of the most important papers of the world and an exact archives on the most important journalists of the world. Many embarrassments during conferences in Germany could have been avoided had one consulted these archives (case of Leumas. Nurnberg. 1934; case of Dorothy Thompson; and others). Further, the Press Division was able to arrange a host of interviews as well as conducting a great number of friendly foreign journalists to the various official representatives of Germany. Hearst then personally asked me to often write about the position of German foreign policy in his papers. This year five continuous articles under my name have appeared in Hearst papers all over the world. Since these articles, as Hearst personally informed me, presented well founded arguments, he begged me to write further articles for his papers.\nThe Press Division of the APA was able to step into a position of arbitration in the conflict which arose between the representatives of the foreign press in Germany and the Office of Propaganda because of the general attack that the Minister of Propaganda, Dr. Goebbels had made upon the combined world press in 7/1934. Thus from the combined press representatives it was able to select and take care of those who were of a pro-German opinion, or at least conducted themselves in a neutral manner. Because of the willingness to cooperate that the Press Division under the skillful guidance of Dr. Bomer showed the foreigners, the Press Division has won a position of honor, and can today claim to have a truly personal and factual knowledge of world journalism.\nIn general the APA has attempted in the last 1 1/2 years to establish contact between diplomacy and the world press in Germany. For this purpose the APA held a Beer Party [Bierabend] each month. On each of these evenings a prominent representative of the party or government spoke about the work of his division. The most prominent national socialists spoke at these gatherings (Goering, Rust, Todt, Schirach, Hierl, Dr. Gross, Frau Scholtz-Klinck, Frank, Ley, and others) . These evenings were constantly attended by the majority of the diplomatic representatives. We could always count on having at least 350 to 400 visitors. Since we invited a great number of representatives of the German ministries and party offices in the last year, a hefty traffic has developed. Many items which later appeared in the papers can be accredited to the personal clarification of a national socialistic party member who attended these evenings. The APA furthermore conducted a great number of foreigners to the labor battalions [Arbeitsdienst] or acquainted them with other establishments. That has been a bit of work that has constantly been going on so that the APA here too has experience to answer all questions which may arise.\nThe School of Instruction [Das Schulungshaus]:\nThe 2 1/2 year work of all those active in the APA has given them a very exact picture of the practical workings of foreign policy and foreign trade. It has also enabled them every bit of knowledge which can be obtained from a national socialistic point of view in order to accurately judge the questions of foreign policy at all. In order to also develop potential and interested capable powers arising from the people and develop them as successors in the movement of national socialism the Foreign Policy School of Instruction [Aussenpolitisches Schulungshaus] was founded in Dahlem in 1935. Students from all over Germany who displayed an interest in foreign policy were assembled at this school. They were here instructed and schooled through lectures and cooperative work similar to seminars. Into this school were drawn the Hitler youths, SS, and the plan exists to have persons who will later travel abroad as representatives of large German concerns undergo an extensive course of instruction. Furthermore, the foreign Policy School of Instruction should also examine those students which the Academic Student Exchange is sending abroad. Lectures at the school were given by a number of German economists, as well as the Japanese and Chinese military attaches. The Chief of the APA himself lectured there.\nThe administration of the APA as well as the School of Instruction rest in the hands of Party Member Knauer, who in his youth was party to the March on Coburg.\nIn conclusion I may well say that these 2 1/2 years were rich in experiences and have tested people in their capacity to perform work. These 2 1/2 years have led to the elimination of one or another incompetents, but at least a dozen people have become so enriched through experience that they can be a great help to the Fuehrer in the field of their enterprise.\nThe lack of necessary and sufficient means naturally prevents a complete exploitation of the entire activity, which surely would be desired. But in spite of this one can say that the most humanly possible was accomplished here with sacrifice, sense of duty, and energy.\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 4070,
    "char_count": 24800,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "004-PS : The Political Preparation of the Norway Action",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/004-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.004-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 004-PS\nCopy\nThe Political Preparation of the Norway Action\n(The enclosures mentioned in the report have been omitted from this paper since they are only relative to specific matters. The complete report including appendices has been submitted to the Deputy of the Fuehrer by Reichsleiter Rosenberg on 17 June 1940)\nThe Office of Foreign Relations [Aussenpolitisches Amt] of the National Socialist Party (NSDAP) has had contact with Vidkun Quisling, leader of the Nasjonal Samling in Norway, for years. The director of the \"Office North\" [Amt Norden] of the office of Foreign Relations-later victim of a fatal accident paid him (Quisling) a personal visit on one of his trips to Scandinavia.\nWhen in 1939 the general political situation was beginning to grow critical Quisling gave the Office of Foreign Relations an estimate of the situation and his opinion about the possible intentions of Great Britain with relation to Scandinavia in case of conflict (Great Britain's) with the German Reich. Prior to the convention of the Nordic Association [Nordische Gesellschaft] in Luebeck, Quisling was received by Reichsleiter Rosenberg in Berlin. He ( Quisling) pointed out the decisive geopolitical importance of Norway in the Scandinavian region and the advantages gained by the Power in control of the Norwegian coast in case of conflict between the German Reich and Great Britain. He further explained the extraordinarily clever, democratic and particularly anglo-saxon propaganda which had been accepted favourably by almost the entire nation, also because of Norway's economic dependence on the seas and therefore on England. Since he did not believe that the small nations would remain neutral in case of conflict--as had been the case in the World War of 1914-- but was convinced that they would become involved in one way or the other he requested support for his party and press in Norway, basing his request on the \"pangermanic\" ideology. Reichsleiter Rosenberg also requested Director [Amtsleiter] Scheidt to arrange a meeting between Quisling and his Deputy Hagelin with State Secretary [Staatssekretaer] Koerner, bearing in mind that this matter might be of particular interest to General Field Marshall Goering with regard to air strategy. This meeting with the State Secretary Koerner did take place. At the same time Staff Director [Stabsleiter] Schickedanz, directed by Reichsleiter Rosenberg, submitted the attached memorandum to Reich Minister and Chief of the Chancellery Reichsminister und Chef der Reichskanzlei Lammers for the information of the Fuehrer by the end of June 1939 (Enclosure No. 1).\nAfter the Luebeck convention Director [Amtsleiter] Scheidt took a vacation trip to Norway to further pursue this matter. His observations are found in the attached report (Enclosure No. 2). Even during his presence in Germany Quisling had requested a short, pertinent training program for reliable party functionaries especially selected by him. This request was granted by Reichsleiter Rosenberg. In\nAugust 1939\na 14 day course was held at the School of the Office for Foreign Relations of the NSDAP [Aussenpolitisches Schulungshaus der NSDAP] in Berlin for 25 followers of the Nasional Samling who had been selected by Quisling.\nIn September Burgermeister Dr. Winkler revealed that he had been charged with the financial aspects of Quisling's request by General Field Marshal Goering through State Secretary Koerner. The outbreak of war and the beginning of the Polish campaign delayed the decisions (Enclosure No. 3). A further reminder of Reichsleiter Rosenberg to General Field Marshal Goering in the course of a talk about the importance of Norway in connection with the matters set forth originally by Quisling had no practical results.\nAt the same time political tension increased in Norway as Russian activity made itself felt in the Baltic regions. Of this Quisling kept the office (APA) informed through his deputies in Germany. The outbreak of the Russo-Finnish war at the end of November helped to further increase the anti-German currents in all Scandinavia and played into the hands of the anglo-saxon propaganda which was now building up to full strength. Greater Germany was represented as a secret ally of Soviet Russia and as the real culprit in Finland's misfortune. At the same time the Western Powers promised Finland military support which could only be supplied via Norway and Sweden. The possibility of a plan by Great Britain to occupy Norway and possibly Sweden to effectively close the blockade against Greater Germany and further to gain convenient air bases against Germany began to take shape under the pretence of altruistic help to Finland. Its aim was to involve also the Nordic Nations in a conflict against Greater Germany. Quisling informed the office (APA) about these new possibilities shaping on the political scene, acting through his deputy in Germany.\nAs the activities of the Allies became more and more noticeable in Norway Quisling again came to Germany to voice his fears. He was received by Reichsleiter Rosenberg in the early part of December and he again presented his ideas. Firmly convinced that in the long run a genuinely neutral position in the great conflict would become impossible for the small nations and in his in faith in the victory of Greater Germany in this conflict Which also was an ideological one, Quisling considered it his duty Supported as he as by a small but determined minority-to tie Norway's fate to that of a Greater Germany as the new centre of strength of a nordic-germanic life community. We knew that his courageous group was the only pro-German Party. His deputy in Germany, Hagelin, had also arranged for a talk between Quisling and Grand Admiral Raeder which took place about this time. During a report to the Fuehrer Reichsleiter Rosenberg again mentioned Norway. He particularly pointed out her importance in the case of England deciding to occupy Norway with the tacit consent of the Norwegian Government, for the purpose of strengthening the blockade and under the pretence of help for Finland. Grand Admiral Raeder, too, upon his request, was called to the Fuehrer in connection with his talks with Quisling. As a result of these steps Quisling was received by the Fuehrer for personal instructions on the\n16th of December\nand again on the\n18th of December\n. During this interview the Fuehrer emphasized repeatedly that the most preferable attitude of Norway as well as all of Scandinavia would be one of complete neutrality. He lad no intentions to enlarge the theatres of war to draw other nations into the conflict. If, however, the enemy were preparing an enlargement of the zones of war with the aim to further throttle and threaten the Greater German Reich then, of course, he would be obliged to arm against such steps. Then the Fuehrer promised Quisling financial support for his movement based on the pangermanic ideology and for the purpose of combatting the increasing enemy propaganda. The military matters of the questions were now transferred to a special military staff which assigned special missions to Quisling and heard his opinions (Encl. No. 29). The political treatment was to be handled by Reichsleiter Rosenberg, expenses were to be carried by the Foreign Office Auswaertiges Amt and Reichsminister for Foreign Affairs [Reichsminister vom Aussenpolitischen Amt] was to be kept informed at all times. Maintenance of liaison with Quisling was assigned to Director [Amtsleiter] Scheidt who, as matters developed further, was attached to the Naval Attache in Oslo, Commander [Korvettenkapitaen] Schreiber. Strictest secrecy was ordered for the entire matter.\nThen, in January, during a conference between Reichsleiter Rosenberg and Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop it was decided to appropriate to Quisling an initial sum of 200000 Goldmark. This money was to be taken to Oslo, in two installments, by the liaison agent Scheidt where it was to be handed to Quisling. In the Foreign Office [Auswaertiges Amt] Privy Councilor [Geheimrat] Von Grundherr was the only one to be told of this arrangement (Encl. No. 3).\nAs shown in the attached documentary memoranda Quisling's reports transmitted by his deputy in Germany Hagelin concerning the possibility of active intervention of the Western Powers in Norway with consent of the Norwegian Government became more and more alarming. These reports continuously supplemented with more and more accurate confirmations by Quisling's confidants were in certain contrast with the opinions of the German Legation in Oslo. The Legation believed in the neutral intentions of the Norwegian Government of that time, the Nygardsvold, and was further convinced that the Government would take arms in defence of its neutrality policy. The Foreign Office [Auswaertiges Amt] held the same opinion as is shown in the attached documentary memorandum dated January 8 which is the result of a talk between Director [Amtsleiter] Scheidt and Privy Councilor [Geheimrat] Von Grundherr (Encl. 8). It is of special interest that Hagelin, Quisling's Deputy in Germany, whose intimate connection with Quisling was not known in Norway succeeded in getting a foothold in the circles of the Nygardsvold Government. Thus he heard the uncolored opinions of the members of the Government who conducted themselves like a secret Norwegian-Anglophile society.\nIn the documentary memorandum of January 13 he relates the opinions expressed to him by two Norwegian Ministers. The gist of the opinions was that Germany had already lost the war and that Norway-if only because of its large Merchant Marine-could not do other than favour England in her politics, in war even more so than in peace. And further that the entire nations agreed with this policy (Encl. 9). During the night of February 16 to 17 the English raided the \"Altmark\" in the Joessingsfjord. The reaction of the Norwegian Government to the Altmark-affair seemed to indicate that certain secret arrangements had been made between the Norwegian Government and the Allies. This was further emphasized in Director Scheidt's consolidated report covering January 20th to February 20th (Encl. No. 11) after he had received Hagelin's report. Hagelin had overheard the conversation between two members of the Storting during which one member said to the other that the actions of the two commanders of the Norwegian torpedo boats had been a \"prearranged affair The same report also refers to the English demands for air bases in Norway and for freedom of trade in the Norwegian Waters It goes on to say that although the Norwegian Government refused those demands it was agreed that violations by the English would be answered with paper protests only. Such reports, and confirmations thereto were time and again supplied through Quisling. In complete contrast to those opinions the German Legation, even after the Altmark Affair, relied fully upon the good will of the Norwegians. The Ambassador cited the signing of the Norwegian-German trade agreement as weighing heavily in favour of his point of view. He already considered the Norwegian Government Nygardsvold somewhat dependent on the Greater German Reich (Encl. Nos. 11 and 12). All these reports were currently submitted to the Fuehrer by Reichsleiter Rosenberg. Quisling always emphasised that more than 90% of the country was behind England and that he only represented a minority which, however, was chosen by virtue of its intuition to take charge later on as representatives of a new Norwegian nation.\nApart from financial support which was forthcoming from the Reich in currency, Quisling had also been promised a shipment of material for immediate use in Norway such as coal and sugar. Additional help was promised. The shipments were to be conducted under cover of a new Trade Company to be established in Germany or through especially selected existing firms while Hagelin was to act as consignee in Norway. Hagelin had already conferred with the respective Ministers of the Nygardsvold Government as for instance the Minister of Supply and Commerce [Versorgungs-und Handelsminister] and had been assured permission for the import of coal. At the same time the coal transports were to serve possibly to supply the technical means necessary to launch Quisling's political action in Oslo with German help. It was Quisling's plan to send a number of selected, particularly reliable men to Germany for a brief military training course in a completely isolated camp. They were then to be detailed as area and language specialists to German Special Troops who were to be taken to Oslo on the coal barges to accomplish a political action. Thus Quisling planned to get hold of his leading opponents in Norway including the King, to prevent all military resistance from the very beginning. Immediately following this political action and upon an official request of Quisling to the Government of the German Reich the military occupation of Norway was to take place. All military preparations were to be completed previously. Though this plan contained the great advantage of surprise it also contained a great number of dangers which could possibly cause its failure. For this reason it received a quite dilatory treatment while, at the same time, it was not disapproved as far as the Norwegians were concerned.\nIn February, after a conference with General Field Marshal Goering, Reichsleiter Rosenberg informed the Secretary in the Office of the Four Year Plan [Ministerialdirektor im Vierjahresplan] Wohlthat only of the intention to prepare coal shipments to Norway to the named confidant Hagelin. Further details were discussed in a conference between Secretary Wohlthat, Staff Director Schickedanz and Hagelin. Since Wohlthat received no further instructions from the General Field Marshal, Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop-after a consultation with Reichsleiter Rosenberg-consented to expedite these shipments through his office. Based on a report of Reichsleiter Rosenberg to the Fuehrer it was also arranged to pay Quisling ten thousand English pounds per month for three months commencing on the 15th of March to support his work. This money was to be paid through liaison agent Scheidt.\nMeanwhile Hagelin, through his connection in Norway as trusted agent of the Norwegian Navy, had been commissioned with the purchase of German AA-guns (Flaks) through the German Navy Ministry. Through this connection he gained more and more insight into the actual ideas and intentions of the Norwegian Nygardsvold Government and into the Allied preparations which had already started in Norway. While in Germany on the 20th of March to attend conferences regarding the delivery of the German AA guns, he made a detailed report about the increasing activities of the Allies in Norway, tolerated by the Nygardsvold Government. According to his reports the Allies were already checking the Norwegian coastal towns for landing and transport possibilities. He also stated that the French Commandant Kermarrec who was charged with this reconnaissance had a confidential talk with Colonel Sunolo, Commandant of Narvik, who is a follower of Quisling; during the course of the talk he told him of the Allied intentions to land motorized troops in Stavanger, Dronthoim and possibly also at Kirkenes and to occupy the airport at Sola (Encl. no. 14)\nAt the same time Hagelin increased his oral and written warnings regarding the confidential agreements between the Allied and the Norwegian Governments stipulating that in case of an Allied occupation of coastal towns the Norwegian Government would not go beyond paper protest, as was the case in the Altmark Affair. And again, in his report of March 26 (Encl Nos 15 and 16) he pointed out that the speech of the Norwegian Foreign Minister Koht dealing with Norwegian neutrality and containing some protests was not being taken seriously either in London by the English nor in Norway by the Norwegians. It was well known that the Government had no intentions to take a stand against England. However, to keep up appearances towards Germany up to the last minute the Norwegian Government intended to issue an order to fire. This was to demonstrate that everything within their power had been done. There was a continuous series of conferences between the King, the Commanding Admiral, the Crown Prince and the newly appointed Minister of War Ljundberg who had been placed in office at the special request of England as early as January. A person close to the King as well as the commanding Admiral explained to Hagelin that the above mentioned actions by England were quite unavoidable since she knew that she could only win the war if she were in control of the Norwegian ports. Furthermore England feared a German counterblow which was not to be allowed to materialize. The Norwegian Government was also notified by London that Germany intended to mine the waters between Jutland and the Norwegian coast. Based on a message from England this plan was revealed on or about March 15 during a secret session of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Storting by Foreign Minister Koht. As a matter of fact, during the course of the military preparations for the occupation of Norway this plan had been adopted by the German military authorities and to this day it is a mystery how this plan got to London. In view of all this news Quisling could no longer back his earlier advice to continue watching the development of the situation in Norway. He now had to point out that any further delay would mean a grave risk. The above was probably the most decisive report ever to be submitted here by Hagelin. Reichsleiter Rosenberg immediately transmitted it to the Fuehrer (Encl. No. 15).\nWhile still in Berlin Hagelin was requested by Colonel Schmundt to make speedy arrangements for a conference between Quisling and a Colonel of the General Staff, at some neutral location. This conference was held in Copenhagen in the beginning of April.\nIn confirmation of all this information coming from Quisling and his confidants and in contrast to the opinion held up to the end by German Legation in Oslo and by the Foreign Office, the Allies, on April 8th. initiated their first major blow as an introduction to their intended occupation of Norway. During the night from the 7th. to the 8th. of April they mined the Norwegian coast and made public announcement of this act. Norway's reaction, consistent with the reports always received by the Office of Foreign Relations [Aussenpolitisches Amt] of the NSDAP, was nothing more than protests on paper growing weaker by the hour. Then, after proper preparations and by command of the Fuehrer Greater Germany undertook the counterblow in the morning of April 9th. and occupied the most important Norwegian airfields and seaports.\nReports about the further political developments in Norway proper are found in the appended documentary memorandum (Encl. Nos. 18 to 30).\nAfter the success of the occupational operations in Norway seemed assured the Fuehrer called for Reichsleiter Rosenberg for a short talk before lunch, on April 25th. He oriented him (Rosenberg) about the developments of the military action in Norway where the English Auxiliary Corps had just suffered a decisive defeat combined with the capture of important documents and plans. He further revealed to Reichsleiter Rosenberg that he had based this most daring decision which was now approaching successful completion on the continuous warnings of Quisling as reported to him by Reichsleiter Rosenberg. And that it actually happened in the Drontheimfjord that behind the stern of the last German Troop Transport there appeared the bow of the first English destroyer which convoyed the Allied Troop Transport fleet. This destroyer was wiped out by the German Navy.\nBerlin, 15 June 1940\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 3377,
    "char_count": 20957,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "007-PS : Brief Report on Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Party from 1933-1943",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/007-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.007-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 007-PS\nBrief Report on Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Party from 1933-1943\nWhen the Foreign Affairs Bureau [Aussenpolitisches Amt] was established 1 April 1933 the Fuehrer directed that it should not be expanded to a large bureaucratic agency, but should rather develop its effectiveness through initiative and suggestions.\nCorresponding to the extra ordinarily hostile attitude adopted by the Soviet Government in Moscow from the beginning the newly-established bureau devoted particular attention to internal conditions in the Soviet Union, as well as to the effects of World Bolshevism primarily in other European countries. It entered into contact with the most variegated groups inclining towards National Socialism and combatting Bolshevism, focussing its main attention on Nations and States bordering on the Soviet Union. On the one end those nations and states constituted an\nInsulating Ring\nencircling the Bolshevist neighbor; on the other hand they were the lateral of german living space [Fluegelstellung zum deutschen Lebensraum] and took up a flanking position towards the Western Powers [Flankenstellung Gegenueber Den Westmaechten] especially Great Britain. In order to wield the desired influence by one means or another, the Bureau was compelled to use the most varying methods, taking into consideration the completely different living conditions, the ties of blood, intellect and history of the movements observed by the Bureau in those countries.\nIn\nScandinavia\nan outspoken pro-Anglo-Saxon attitude, based on economic considerations, had become progressively more dominant after the World War of 1914/1918. There the Bureau put entire emphasis on influencing general\ncultural\nrelations with the Nordic peoples. For this purpose it took the Nordic Society [Nordische Gesellschaft] in Luebeck under its protection. The Reich conventions of this society were attended by many outstanding personalities, especially from Finland. While there were no openings for purely political cooperation in Sweden and Denmark, an association based on Greater Germanic ideology was found in Norway. Very close relations were established with its founder, which led to further consequences. (See\nannex I\nfor more detailed exposition).\nSouth-Eastern Europe\nwas dominated by the French post-war system of alliances. The countries united in the Little Entente were aiming at a more favorable defence of the booty accumulated during the war. In addition each one of these countries sought to gain through this mutual-assistance pact safety against a superior opponent: Czechoslovakia against Germany; Yugoslavia against Italy; Rumania against the Soviet Union. In\nCzechoslovakia\na common hatred against everything German united the still remaining, partly pan-Slavic, Masonic and pro-Jewish tendencies. In\nRumania\nthe feeling of insecurity and fear of the superior neighbor, from whom she had taken Bessarabia was growing. In Rumania a primitive anti-Semitic group still existed. Its academically doctrinaire attitude precluded large scale political effectiveness, but nevertheless offered points of mutual interest. The Foreign Affairs Bureau picked these up, developed them, instigated the formation of a new party and thereby forced a decisive change in the whole political situation in Rumania, which is still having its effect today. (See\nAnnex II\nfor more detailed exposition).\nHungary and Bulgaria\nalone, Allied nations of the World War which had formerly been completely deprived of their rights, were attracted by the newly-formed center of gravity in the north. This attraction was nourished by the hope of obtaining an expansion of their own power through the increasing strength of Germany. However, National Socialism met a certain reserve or antipathy in Bulgaria because of widespread contagion of the Communistic blight. In Hungary it met similar reserve due to the still-fashionable feudal leading circles, who are bolstered by Jewish capital. At any rate it may be mentioned here that\nthe first foreign state visit after the seizure of power took place through the mediation of the Foreign Affairs Bureau\n. Julius Gombos, who in former years had himself pursued anti-Semitic and racial tendencies, had reached the Hungarian Premier's chair. The Bureau maintained a personal connection with him. In September 1933 he paid a visit to Germany and was received by the Fuehrer in Erfurt. With this visit the official cordon of isolation surrounding National Socialism was pierced for the first time. This visit had been preceded by the Fuehrer's reception of the Rumanian poet and former minister Octavian Goga through the Bureau's mediation. Goga later became the decisive exponent of a political reproachment with Germany.\nIn\nYugoslavia\nother German Reich agencies had become active in the same direction, so that the Foreign Affairs Bureau remained in the background and shifted its efforts to the purely commercial sphere. It initiated the first contracts with Croatian and Serbian cooperatives.\nMotivated by reasons of War Economy, the Bureau advocated\nthe transfer of raw material purchases from overseas\nto the areas accessible by overland traffic routes, i. e. primarily\nin the Balkans\n, naturally insofar as practicable. At first little heed was paid to the Bureau in these endeavors, but it later secured the active support especially of the Food Estate; through its cooperation, e. g., on the subject of fruit and vegetable imports, a very substantial shift in the source of imports was attained, particularly through the currently initiated cooperation with Croatian and Hungarian cooperatives as well as with commercial associations all over the Balkans.\nFrom the beginning, work in\nItaly\nwas out of the question because ever since the days of our struggle for power ties of a personal nature have existed, which were taken over by official institutions or cultivated by individual personalities. Work in Austria was also excluded, since a special \"Provincial Directorate for Austria\" existed within the Nazi Party.\nThe Bureau declined to concern itself with questions of Racial Germans [Volksdeutsche] abroad. For this phase of the problem the \"Racial Germans\" Central Agency [Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle] was later created.\nTowards\nWestern European States\nthe Bureau limited its activities to simple observation of existing conditions, or to the establishment of relations, especially of a commercial nature, primarily in\nBelgium, Holland and Luxemburg\n.\nIn accordance with the attitude on foreign policy laid down by the Fuehrer, the Bureau endeavored to establish far-reaching connections with England through continuous personal contacts with influential personalities of English political life. Eminent Englishmen were invited to the annual Party Rallies.\nPursuant to its self chosen task the Bureau devoted its attention to the\nNear East\n. Turkey, newly consolidated by Mustapha Kemal, adopted a hesitating attitude of watchful waiting. This position was probably due to military impotence against Soviet Russia, clearly recognized, on the one hand, and also to hostility to Fascist Italy, already previously manifested, on the other hand. In\nIran\n, however, the Bureau's initiative in the economic field to stimulate the mutual exchange of goods encountered greatest understanding and the greatest readiness in carrying it through. The Bureau's initiative in developing with the head of commercial circles, entirely new methods for the economic penetration of Iran found expression, in an extraordinarily favorable way. in reciprocal trade relations. Naturally in Germany, too, this initiative at first encountered a completely negative attitude and resistance on the part of the competent state authorities, an attitude that had first to be overcome. In the course of a few year. the volume of trade with Iran was multiplied five-fold, and in 1939 Iran's trade turnover with Germany had attained first place. Even Soviet Russia, the competitor who had been biggest and most dreaded previously, had been eliminated from the running. Concurrently with the activation of commercial relation the Bureau had also intensified cultural relations and had, in conjunction with growing commercial influence and in closet collaboration with the Iranian Government, created a series of cultural institutions headed and directed by Germans. In consequence the dominant French cultural influence in Iran has already been broken since the year 1936.\nThe Bureau simultaneously attempted to also draw Afghanistan into its orbit. Relations established with leading individual personalities led to the willing opening of this country, which had formerly been rather neglected by Germany. All the leading personalities of Afghanistan were guests of the Bureau. The Bureau favored the taking part of German economy in the industrial upbuilding of the country; German experts in all fields we called to Afghanistan in increasing numbers through the Bureau's mediation. The German Colony became the dominant one in Afghanistan The preparation for expansion of the Afghan army was in German hands; carrying it through was prevented by the outbreak of war. Even though the German Colony had to leave Afghanistan later on, Afghanistan's neutral position today is largely due to the Bureau's activity.\nThe\nArab question\n, too, became part of the work of the Bureau. In spite of England's tutelage of\nIraq\nthe Bureau established a series of connections to a number of leading personalities of the Arab world, smoothing the way for strong bonds to Germany. In this connection, the growing influence of the Reich in Iran and Afghanistan did not fail to have repercussions in Arabia. All these relations took place on a purely economic basis and fostered the systematically directed advancement of German influence and prestige in the domains reserved by the Western Powers for themselves. In this connection it may be mentioned in general that the internal peril to England's preponderance in those areas would have been considerably more pronounced, if the Bureau's foresighted initiative, which took Oriental conditions very well into account, had not been forever ignored by official authorities.\nThe Bureau foresaw the necessity of technical improvement of the\nDanube water route\nto facilitate traffic, because of the shift in the increase of the exchange in goods, especially in the Balkans and in the Orient. On its own initiative it attempted to influence competent authorities (especially of the Bavarian Government), together with particularly interested private commercial circles, to enlarge our Danube shipping facilities (primarily the port of Regensburg). Although the Bureau throughout the years asserted this necessity, which was becoming more and more urgent, and although the Bureau relentlessly maintained its initiative its endeavors in this matter were unfortunately not crowned by any success. Presumably all responsible authorities regret it bitterly to-day.\nAmong other projects due to the Foreign Affairs Bureau's initiative endeavors to grow the\nrubber-fibered Kok Sagys plant\nin Germany deserve to be emphasized. This plant is being cultivated in the Soviet Union. In spite of efforts during many years no success was attained in planting sizeable experimental crops, because of latent disunity among competent authority. The Bureau was compelled to resort to experimental fields in\nGreece\nthrough its own connections in the Balkans.\nSomewhat off the beaten path was the Bureau's undertaking in\nBrazil\n, which grew out of personal connections, large quantities of cotton (60,000 tons) were successfully brought to Germany under a clearing agreement at a time when imports of this raw material had become very critically short, already necessitating work outs. A Bureau representative was twice the Brazilian Government's guest. Brazil and Iran were the only nations from whom Germany could purchase this indispensable raw material for Reichsmark. The Brazilian Minister expressed his thanks for this initial step to the Head of the Bureau in an address delivered at the occasion of an exposition.\nAbout 40 lecture evenings for diplomats and the foreign press should also be listed. They dealt with the construction of the new Germany, and speakers included many leading personalities of the Reich.\nThe Bureau has carried out the initiating of all politically feasible projects. With the outbreak of war it was entitled to consider its task as terminated. The exploitation of the many\npersonal\nconnections in many lands can be resumed under a different guise.\nSigned: ROSENBERG\n2 Inclosures\nI\nNorway\nII\nRumania\nAnnex I\nto Brief Report on Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Nazi Party from 1933-1943.\nThe Political Preparation of the Military Occupation of Norway During the War Years 1939/1940.\nAs previously mentioned, of all political groupings in Scandinavia only \"Nasjonal Samling\", led in Norway by the Former Minister of War and Major of the Reserve Vidkun Quisling, deserved serious political attention. This was a fighting political group, possessed by the idea of a Greater Germanic Community. Naturally all ruling powers were hostile and attempted to prevent. by any means, its success among the population. The Bureau maintained constant liaison with Quisling and attentively observed the attacks he conducted with tenacious energy on the middle class which had been taken in tow by the English. From the beginning it appeared probable that without revolutionary events. which would stir the population from their former attitude, no successful progress of Nasjonal Samling was to be expected. During the winter 1938/1939, Quisling was privately visited by a member of the Bureau. When the political situation in Europe came to a head in 1939, Quisling made an appearance at the convention of the Nordic Society [Nordische Gesellschaft] in Luebeck in June. He expounded his conception of the situation, and his apprehensions concerning Norway. He emphatically drew attention to the geopolitically decisive importance of Norway in the Scandinavian area, and to the advantages that would accrue to the power dominating the Norwegian coast in case of a conflict between the Greater German Reich and Great Britain. Assuming that his statements would be of special interest to the Marshal of the Reich Goering for aero-strategical reasons, Quisling was referred to State Secretary [Staatssekretaer] Koerner by the Bureau. The Staff Director [Stabsleiter] of the Bureau handed the Chief of the Reich Chancellery a memorandum for transmission to the Fuehrer. It dealt with the same subject, still taking into account the then doubtful attitude of Soviet Russia. After the outbreak of German-Polish hostilities and of the Soviet-Finnish war, tensions in Scandinavia became more strained and facilitated the work of Anglo-Saxon propaganda. It began to appear possible that, under the pretext of altruistic aid to Finland, Great Britain might intend to occupy Norway, and perhaps Sweden, to complete the anti-German blockade in the North Sea for all practical purposes, and to gain comfortable airplane bases against Germany. The aim would have been to drag the Northern countries, too, into a military conflict with Germany. Apprehensive about this development Quisling again appeared in Berlin in December 1939 He visited Reichsleiter Rosenberg and Grand Admiral Raeder. In the course of a report to the Fuehrer, Reichsleiter Rosenberg turned the conversation once more to Norway. He especially pointed to Norway's importance should England, to tighten her blockade and under the pretext of aid to Finland, take steps to occupy the country, with the Norwegians' tacit consent. On the basis of his conversation with Quisling and at his own request Grand Admiral Raeder, too, had been asked to see the Fuehrer. In consequence of these steps, Quisling was granted a personal audience with the Fuehrer on 16 December, and once more on 18 December In the course of this audience the Fuehrer emphasized repeatedly that he personally would prefer a completely neutral attitude of Norway as well as of the whole of Scandinavia. He did not intend to enlarge the theaters of war and to draw still other nations into the conflict. Should the enemy attempt to spend the war, however, with the aim of achieving further throttling and intimidation of the Greater German Reich, he would be compelled to gird himself against such an undertaking. In order to counterbalance increasing enemy propaganda activity, he promised Quisling financial support of his movement, which is based on Greater Germanic ideology. Military exploitation of the question now raised was assigned to the Special Military Staff, which transmitted special missions to Quisling. Reichsleiter Rosenberg was to take over political exploitation. Financial expenses were to be defrayed by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [Auswaertiges Amt], the Minister for Foreign Affairs being kept continuously by the Foreign Affairs Bureau. Chief of Section [ Amtsleiter ] Scheidt was charged with maintaining liaison with Quisling. In the course of further developments he was assigned to the Naval Attache in Oslo, Lt. Commander [Korvettenkapitaen] Screiber. Orders were given that the whole matter be handled with strictest secrecy.\nQuisling's reports, transmitted through his representative in Germany, Hagelin, and dealing with the possibility of intervention by the Western Powers in Norway with tacit consent of the Norwegian government, became more urgent by January already. These increasingly better substantiated communications were in sharpest contrast to the view of the German Legation in Oslo. which relied on the desire for neutrality of the then Norwegian Nygardsvold cabinet and was convinced of that government's intention and readiness to defend Norway's neutrality. No one in Norway knew that Quisling's representative for Germany maintained closest relations to him; he therefore succeeded in gaining a foothold within governmental circles of the Nygardsvold cabinet. and in listening to cabinet members' true views. Hagelin transmitted what he had heard to the Bureau, which conveyed the news to the Fuehrer through Reichsleiter Rosenberg. During the night of 16 to 17 February English destroyers attacked the German steamer \"Altmark\" in Jossing fjord. The Norwegian government's reaction to this question permitted the conclusion that certain agreements had been covertly arrived at between the Norwegian government and the Allies. Such assumption was confirmed by reports of Section [Amtsleiter] Scheidt who in turn derived his information from Hagelin and Quisling. But even after this incident the German Legation in Oslo championed that opposite view, and went on record as believing in the good intentions of the Norwegians.\nThanks to his connections in Norway as agent of the Norwegian Navy, Hagelin had succeeded, in the meantime, in being entrusted with the purchase of German AA guns through the German Navy Ministry. Through these connections he gained more and more insight into the real views and intentions of the Norwegian Nygardsvold cabinet, and into the preparations already initiated by the Allies in Norway. At the occasion of his presence in Berlin on 20 March to negotiate about delivery of German AA guns he mentioned that the Allies were even now examining Norwegian ports for loading and transportation facilities. The French Kommandant entrusted with this mission was said to have revealed Allied intentions in confidential conversations with the commander of Narwik, an adherent of Quisling. These intentions were to land motorized troops at Stavanger, Drontheim and perhaps Kirkenes, and to occupy Sola airdrome near Stavanger. Hagelin also re-emphasized his warnings about agreements secretly concluded between the Allies and the Norwegian government according to which the Norwegian government would content itself .solely with paper protests in case of a possible occupation of port cities by the Allies. He pointed out that the Norwegian government had never intended to seriously oppose England, and that it was playing a two-faced game with Germany solely to gain time for faits accomplis. He also mentioned that the Norwegian government had been informed by England that Germany intended to lay a minefield from Jutland to the Norwegian coast. In view of all the information that had reached him, Quisling could no longer stand by his advice to await developments in Norway for a little while longer; he was compelled to point out that any delay of the German counter-thrust would entail extraordinary risks. These reports were immediately transmitted to the Fuehrer by Reichsleiter Rosenberg On 8 April the Allies struck the first blow in preparation for their intended occupation of Norway, thus confirming these reports made by Quisling and his agents, and in contrast to the views held to the end by the German Legation in Oslo and by the expert of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [Auswaertiges Amt] During the night from 7 to 8 April minefields were laid alongside the Norwegian coast by the Allied fleet, and the Allied governments informed the world of the steps they had taken. In accordance with indications given by the Bureau, only progressively more tepid protests were made by Norway. By order of the Fuehrer Greater Germany counter-attacked, after corresponding preparation in the morning of 9 April and occupied the most important Norwegian sea ports and airdromes.\nAnnex II:\nRumania (From the overthrow of Titolescu to Marshal Antonescu)\nIn spite of almost complete occupation by the Central Powers in the last World War, Rumania was indebted to\nVersailles\nfor her re-creation, which was effected partially even at the expense of her one-time Eastern ally. A basically sound anti-Semitic tendency existed in this post-war country. which was torn asunder by dynastic squabbles and innumerable party fights. But in spite of repeated efforts this tendency had never risen above the limitations of a club, because of solely scientific doctrinaire leadership. What was lacking w as the guiding leadership of a political personality. After manifold grouping trials the Bureau believed to have found such a personality--the former Minister, and poet. Octavian Goga. It was not difficult to convince this poet, pervaded by instinctive inspiration, that a Greater Rumania, though it had to be created in opposition to Vienna, could be maintained only together with Berlin. Nor was it difficult to create in him the desire to link the fate of Rumania with the future of the National Socialist German Reich in good time. By bringing continuing influence to bear, the Bureau succeeded in inducing Octavian Goga as well as Professor Cuza to amalgamate the parties under their leadership on an Anti-Semitic basis. Thus they could carry on with united strength the struggle for Rumania's renascence internally, and her affiliation [Anschluss] with Germany externally. Through the Bureau's initiative both parties, which had heretofore been known by distinct names, were merged as the National Christian Party, under Goga's leadership and with Cuza as Honorary President. The attempts concurrently undertaken by the Bureau to amalgamate this Party with the much more youthful. but energetic Iron Guard movement were initially frustrated by the apparently insurmountable personal incompatibility of Cuza and Codreanu. At any rate these attempts led to the secret establishment of good personal relations between Goga and the mystic-fanciful Codreanu.\nIn the course of the years after his return, the king had succeeded in becoming the country's decisive factor through craft tactics in dealing with the dominant political parties. Had the Bureau also succeeded in merging the National-Christian Party with Codreanu, Rumania would have obtained sharply anti-Semitic leadership based on strong mass support. Such leadership could have attained its aims even against the will of the king. However, surviving rivalries between the country's anti-Semitic trends later enabled the king to use them separately for his plan, in order to destroy them as far as possible.\nThe struggle for re-orientation of Rumania's foreign policy was taken up by Goga with bold elan. He had earlier succeeded in upsetting the position of Foreign Minister Titolescu, the agent of Franco, of the Geneva League of Nations and of the Little Entente- Titolescu was later overthrown. Among the numerous not very significant splinter parties, the \"Young Liberals\" founded by George Bratianu, supported Goga's campaign, without joining the anti-Semitic trend. The Rumanian front of Vaida Voevod, wobbling to and fro among all camps, adopted a similar position for some time.\nThrough intermediaries\n, the Bureau\nmaintained constant contact\nwith both tendencies, just like it constantly consulted with Goga, through Staff Director [Stabsleiter Schickedanz] about tactics to be followed. The whole struggle was accelerated by Soviet Russia's increasing pressure in the Bessarabian question and by the process of political rapprochement with Moscow which was supported by Paris and Prague. Following a long period of recurring political trials involving scandal and graft, Rumania's internal struggle for the future make-up of the country had been aggravated by the coming to the front of the Christian-Nationalist Party and of the Iron Guard. This struggle was being fought with increasing bitterness. The king's attitude towards the national movement was procrastinating and underhanded. The movement was agreeable to him for eliminating the two parties which, by tradition, took turns in the government. But he intended to prevent the unequivocal victory of anti-Semitic and racial [Voelkisch] principles, influenced by growing Nationalism in the country. That is why the Nationalists' foreign policy, secretly projected by Germany, did not fit into his plans. Because he was in possession of the police and of the army, he remained the decisive factor in the country. After repeated postponement of the elections, which were legally due, the king decided to hold an election. The decision was based on a very reliable report of his then Prime Minister Taterescu. Taterescu was convinced that the Liberal Party would again receive 40% of all votes, through the machinations customary in Fomia. However, after a bitter election campaign the Liberal Party suffered painful defeat. The opposition National Movement had achieved indisputable victory in spite of all chicanery and machinations by their opponents. The Iron Guard received about 16% of the total vote, the National-Christian Party Goga-Cuza about 11%, the government party about 35. The rest of the votes were scattered. After some vacillation and hesitancy, the king appointed Goga Prime Minister on 27 Decmeber 1937 with a binding promise that Parliament would be dismissed and new elections held within the legally prescribed time limit. In spite of warnings by the Bureau Goga believed the promise given by the king. But the king was only attempting to gain time.\nThus a second government on racial and anti-Semitic foundations had appeared in Europe, in a country in which such an event had been considered completely impossible.\nThe government immediately made known its intention to proceed against Jewish predominance in the country and declared repeatedly that it would have to subject Rumania's previous foreign policy to reexamination and reform. In the meantime the Judaic-Masonic and liberal opposition did not lose time. Passions were inflamed and became increasingly more envenomed. It looked like a hot and bloody election campaign. The prospects of Goga's Christian-Nationalist Party pointed to a big victory with sure certainty, especially since, with the Bureau's cooperation he had on the sly made a secret agreement with Codreanu. To be sure, Goga did not act on the Bureau's advice to immediately develop his party cadres, to expand his party machine all over the country and to permeate the police and gendarmerie. Goga postponed the execution of organizational reform, which he also intended, until after the election. He considered himself to be under obligation to the king not to undertake anything until the electoral decisions had been rendered, but to take steps all the more incisively after legally attaining the majority.\nIn innumerable interviews the opposition must have succeeded in convincing the king that an electoral victory of Goga would react most acutely against the king himself. In that case he would no longer be able to get rid of the ghosts he had called in; if Goga attained a two-thirds majority, he, the king, would be Goga's captive. These expostulations, and the uncontrollable Judaic influences of the Jewish clique at the Rumanian court, plus the pressure of the French and British Ministers led to a change in the king's attitude, assuming that this change had not already been anticipated by him at the time of Goga's appointment. The king decided to prevent the elections. Goga resisted. Thereupon the king offered Goga the formation of an authoritarian government, a government created solely by virtue of royal sovereignty. That meant a coup d'etat. Goga declined. Thereupon the king informed Goga that he would accept the cabinet's resignation, which, however, had not even been offered to him. Goga realized too late that the strength at his disposal was entirely inadequate to thwart the king's plans. He resigned.\nBut the course once embarked upon forced even the king to pay heed to the mood that had been created in the country. Also, a  disrupted foreign-policy ties was no longer possible. Although an authoritarian system had been built up, Rumania found herself without her former backing. The French security system had been ruptured and could not be re-established, if only in view of Yugoslavia's attitude in the South-East, where relations established by other German agencies had simultaneously loosened the cohesiveness of the Little Entente. That, at any rate, was the Goga government's success.\nIn his last great speech to the Rumania Academy, shortly before his death, Goga welcomed Austria's affiliation with Germany, and affirmed for the last time his belief in adherence to new Greater German Reich and to Fascist Italy, a belief he had struggled for.\nNow the king's war of extermination against the Iron Guard began. Codreanu was arrested with his closest collaborators, to face a specially convoked court-martial. Sole basis for the prosecution was an alleged communication from Codreanu to the Fuehrer, which was proved to be a forgery, and a telegram addressed to the Fuehrer. On the basis of these \"records\" he was sentenced to ten years' hard labor. In vain did the Bureau attempt to bring about an intervention of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in this episode, which diminished the whole prestige of the German Reich. It did not prevail against the official agencies, which condemned the entire project of the Bureau in Rumania, because the official German delegation expected their sole salvation from the attitude of the king and his creatures. Logically, the acceptance without dissent of this challenge was interpreted in Bucharest as granting carte blanche and Codreanu was shot with his closest collaborators for establishment of the first personal contact between the King and the Fuehrer.\nThis appeared to doom the Iron Guard, too, Goga's party, deprived of his leadership, was submerged into insignificance. But Goga left behind a personal heir, who is now Marshal Antonescu. Against the king's wish, Goga had appointed this politically insignificant provincial general, with whom the king was on bad terms, as his Minister of War. At first, completely pro French in outlook, Antonescu gradually adopted a different view under Goga's influence. After Goga's resignation, Antonescu still remained in the king's cabinet at Goga's wish. He also maintained continued relations with the Iron Guard. Thereby the possibility of eliminating the king was at hand--and was exploited. Antonescu's to-day appears in practice as executor of the heritage bequeathed to him by Goga, who had led him from political insignificance into the political arena. Thereby a change to Germany's liking had become possible in Rumania.\n[signed] ROSENBERG\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
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    "char_count": 33507,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "Annex I",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/007-ps.asp#annex1",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.007-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 007-PS\nBrief Report on Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Party from 1933-1943\nWhen the Foreign Affairs Bureau [Aussenpolitisches Amt] was established 1 April 1933 the Fuehrer directed that it should not be expanded to a large bureaucratic agency, but should rather develop its effectiveness through initiative and suggestions.\nCorresponding to the extra ordinarily hostile attitude adopted by the Soviet Government in Moscow from the beginning the newly-established bureau devoted particular attention to internal conditions in the Soviet Union, as well as to the effects of World Bolshevism primarily in other European countries. It entered into contact with the most variegated groups inclining towards National Socialism and combatting Bolshevism, focussing its main attention on Nations and States bordering on the Soviet Union. On the one end those nations and states constituted an\nInsulating Ring\nencircling the Bolshevist neighbor; on the other hand they were the lateral of german living space [Fluegelstellung zum deutschen Lebensraum] and took up a flanking position towards the Western Powers [Flankenstellung Gegenueber Den Westmaechten] especially Great Britain. In order to wield the desired influence by one means or another, the Bureau was compelled to use the most varying methods, taking into consideration the completely different living conditions, the ties of blood, intellect and history of the movements observed by the Bureau in those countries.\nIn\nScandinavia\nan outspoken pro-Anglo-Saxon attitude, based on economic considerations, had become progressively more dominant after the World War of 1914/1918. There the Bureau put entire emphasis on influencing general\ncultural\nrelations with the Nordic peoples. For this purpose it took the Nordic Society [Nordische Gesellschaft] in Luebeck under its protection. The Reich conventions of this society were attended by many outstanding personalities, especially from Finland. While there were no openings for purely political cooperation in Sweden and Denmark, an association based on Greater Germanic ideology was found in Norway. Very close relations were established with its founder, which led to further consequences. (See\nannex I\nfor more detailed exposition).\nSouth-Eastern Europe\nwas dominated by the French post-war system of alliances. The countries united in the Little Entente were aiming at a more favorable defence of the booty accumulated during the war. In addition each one of these countries sought to gain through this mutual-assistance pact safety against a superior opponent: Czechoslovakia against Germany; Yugoslavia against Italy; Rumania against the Soviet Union. In\nCzechoslovakia\na common hatred against everything German united the still remaining, partly pan-Slavic, Masonic and pro-Jewish tendencies. In\nRumania\nthe feeling of insecurity and fear of the superior neighbor, from whom she had taken Bessarabia was growing. In Rumania a primitive anti-Semitic group still existed. Its academically doctrinaire attitude precluded large scale political effectiveness, but nevertheless offered points of mutual interest. The Foreign Affairs Bureau picked these up, developed them, instigated the formation of a new party and thereby forced a decisive change in the whole political situation in Rumania, which is still having its effect today. (See\nAnnex II\nfor more detailed exposition).\nHungary and Bulgaria\nalone, Allied nations of the World War which had formerly been completely deprived of their rights, were attracted by the newly-formed center of gravity in the north. This attraction was nourished by the hope of obtaining an expansion of their own power through the increasing strength of Germany. However, National Socialism met a certain reserve or antipathy in Bulgaria because of widespread contagion of the Communistic blight. In Hungary it met similar reserve due to the still-fashionable feudal leading circles, who are bolstered by Jewish capital. At any rate it may be mentioned here that\nthe first foreign state visit after the seizure of power took place through the mediation of the Foreign Affairs Bureau\n. Julius Gombos, who in former years had himself pursued anti-Semitic and racial tendencies, had reached the Hungarian Premier's chair. The Bureau maintained a personal connection with him. In September 1933 he paid a visit to Germany and was received by the Fuehrer in Erfurt. With this visit the official cordon of isolation surrounding National Socialism was pierced for the first time. This visit had been preceded by the Fuehrer's reception of the Rumanian poet and former minister Octavian Goga through the Bureau's mediation. Goga later became the decisive exponent of a political reproachment with Germany.\nIn\nYugoslavia\nother German Reich agencies had become active in the same direction, so that the Foreign Affairs Bureau remained in the background and shifted its efforts to the purely commercial sphere. It initiated the first contracts with Croatian and Serbian cooperatives.\nMotivated by reasons of War Economy, the Bureau advocated\nthe transfer of raw material purchases from overseas\nto the areas accessible by overland traffic routes, i. e. primarily\nin the Balkans\n, naturally insofar as practicable. At first little heed was paid to the Bureau in these endeavors, but it later secured the active support especially of the Food Estate; through its cooperation, e. g., on the subject of fruit and vegetable imports, a very substantial shift in the source of imports was attained, particularly through the currently initiated cooperation with Croatian and Hungarian cooperatives as well as with commercial associations all over the Balkans.\nFrom the beginning, work in\nItaly\nwas out of the question because ever since the days of our struggle for power ties of a personal nature have existed, which were taken over by official institutions or cultivated by individual personalities. Work in Austria was also excluded, since a special \"Provincial Directorate for Austria\" existed within the Nazi Party.\nThe Bureau declined to concern itself with questions of Racial Germans [Volksdeutsche] abroad. For this phase of the problem the \"Racial Germans\" Central Agency [Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle] was later created.\nTowards\nWestern European States\nthe Bureau limited its activities to simple observation of existing conditions, or to the establishment of relations, especially of a commercial nature, primarily in\nBelgium, Holland and Luxemburg\n.\nIn accordance with the attitude on foreign policy laid down by the Fuehrer, the Bureau endeavored to establish far-reaching connections with England through continuous personal contacts with influential personalities of English political life. Eminent Englishmen were invited to the annual Party Rallies.\nPursuant to its self chosen task the Bureau devoted its attention to the\nNear East\n. Turkey, newly consolidated by Mustapha Kemal, adopted a hesitating attitude of watchful waiting. This position was probably due to military impotence against Soviet Russia, clearly recognized, on the one hand, and also to hostility to Fascist Italy, already previously manifested, on the other hand. In\nIran\n, however, the Bureau's initiative in the economic field to stimulate the mutual exchange of goods encountered greatest understanding and the greatest readiness in carrying it through. The Bureau's initiative in developing with the head of commercial circles, entirely new methods for the economic penetration of Iran found expression, in an extraordinarily favorable way. in reciprocal trade relations. Naturally in Germany, too, this initiative at first encountered a completely negative attitude and resistance on the part of the competent state authorities, an attitude that had first to be overcome. In the course of a few year. the volume of trade with Iran was multiplied five-fold, and in 1939 Iran's trade turnover with Germany had attained first place. Even Soviet Russia, the competitor who had been biggest and most dreaded previously, had been eliminated from the running. Concurrently with the activation of commercial relation the Bureau had also intensified cultural relations and had, in conjunction with growing commercial influence and in closet collaboration with the Iranian Government, created a series of cultural institutions headed and directed by Germans. In consequence the dominant French cultural influence in Iran has already been broken since the year 1936.\nThe Bureau simultaneously attempted to also draw Afghanistan into its orbit. Relations established with leading individual personalities led to the willing opening of this country, which had formerly been rather neglected by Germany. All the leading personalities of Afghanistan were guests of the Bureau. The Bureau favored the taking part of German economy in the industrial upbuilding of the country; German experts in all fields we called to Afghanistan in increasing numbers through the Bureau's mediation. The German Colony became the dominant one in Afghanistan The preparation for expansion of the Afghan army was in German hands; carrying it through was prevented by the outbreak of war. Even though the German Colony had to leave Afghanistan later on, Afghanistan's neutral position today is largely due to the Bureau's activity.\nThe\nArab question\n, too, became part of the work of the Bureau. In spite of England's tutelage of\nIraq\nthe Bureau established a series of connections to a number of leading personalities of the Arab world, smoothing the way for strong bonds to Germany. In this connection, the growing influence of the Reich in Iran and Afghanistan did not fail to have repercussions in Arabia. All these relations took place on a purely economic basis and fostered the systematically directed advancement of German influence and prestige in the domains reserved by the Western Powers for themselves. In this connection it may be mentioned in general that the internal peril to England's preponderance in those areas would have been considerably more pronounced, if the Bureau's foresighted initiative, which took Oriental conditions very well into account, had not been forever ignored by official authorities.\nThe Bureau foresaw the necessity of technical improvement of the\nDanube water route\nto facilitate traffic, because of the shift in the increase of the exchange in goods, especially in the Balkans and in the Orient. On its own initiative it attempted to influence competent authorities (especially of the Bavarian Government), together with particularly interested private commercial circles, to enlarge our Danube shipping facilities (primarily the port of Regensburg). Although the Bureau throughout the years asserted this necessity, which was becoming more and more urgent, and although the Bureau relentlessly maintained its initiative its endeavors in this matter were unfortunately not crowned by any success. Presumably all responsible authorities regret it bitterly to-day.\nAmong other projects due to the Foreign Affairs Bureau's initiative endeavors to grow the\nrubber-fibered Kok Sagys plant\nin Germany deserve to be emphasized. This plant is being cultivated in the Soviet Union. In spite of efforts during many years no success was attained in planting sizeable experimental crops, because of latent disunity among competent authority. The Bureau was compelled to resort to experimental fields in\nGreece\nthrough its own connections in the Balkans.\nSomewhat off the beaten path was the Bureau's undertaking in\nBrazil\n, which grew out of personal connections, large quantities of cotton (60,000 tons) were successfully brought to Germany under a clearing agreement at a time when imports of this raw material had become very critically short, already necessitating work outs. A Bureau representative was twice the Brazilian Government's guest. Brazil and Iran were the only nations from whom Germany could purchase this indispensable raw material for Reichsmark. The Brazilian Minister expressed his thanks for this initial step to the Head of the Bureau in an address delivered at the occasion of an exposition.\nAbout 40 lecture evenings for diplomats and the foreign press should also be listed. They dealt with the construction of the new Germany, and speakers included many leading personalities of the Reich.\nThe Bureau has carried out the initiating of all politically feasible projects. With the outbreak of war it was entitled to consider its task as terminated. The exploitation of the many\npersonal\nconnections in many lands can be resumed under a different guise.\nSigned: ROSENBERG\n2 Inclosures\nI\nNorway\nII\nRumania\nAnnex I\nto Brief Report on Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Nazi Party from 1933-1943.\nThe Political Preparation of the Military Occupation of Norway During the War Years 1939/1940.\nAs previously mentioned, of all political groupings in Scandinavia only \"Nasjonal Samling\", led in Norway by the Former Minister of War and Major of the Reserve Vidkun Quisling, deserved serious political attention. This was a fighting political group, possessed by the idea of a Greater Germanic Community. Naturally all ruling powers were hostile and attempted to prevent. by any means, its success among the population. The Bureau maintained constant liaison with Quisling and attentively observed the attacks he conducted with tenacious energy on the middle class which had been taken in tow by the English. From the beginning it appeared probable that without revolutionary events. which would stir the population from their former attitude, no successful progress of Nasjonal Samling was to be expected. During the winter 1938/1939, Quisling was privately visited by a member of the Bureau. When the political situation in Europe came to a head in 1939, Quisling made an appearance at the convention of the Nordic Society [Nordische Gesellschaft] in Luebeck in June. He expounded his conception of the situation, and his apprehensions concerning Norway. He emphatically drew attention to the geopolitically decisive importance of Norway in the Scandinavian area, and to the advantages that would accrue to the power dominating the Norwegian coast in case of a conflict between the Greater German Reich and Great Britain. Assuming that his statements would be of special interest to the Marshal of the Reich Goering for aero-strategical reasons, Quisling was referred to State Secretary [Staatssekretaer] Koerner by the Bureau. The Staff Director [Stabsleiter] of the Bureau handed the Chief of the Reich Chancellery a memorandum for transmission to the Fuehrer. It dealt with the same subject, still taking into account the then doubtful attitude of Soviet Russia. After the outbreak of German-Polish hostilities and of the Soviet-Finnish war, tensions in Scandinavia became more strained and facilitated the work of Anglo-Saxon propaganda. It began to appear possible that, under the pretext of altruistic aid to Finland, Great Britain might intend to occupy Norway, and perhaps Sweden, to complete the anti-German blockade in the North Sea for all practical purposes, and to gain comfortable airplane bases against Germany. The aim would have been to drag the Northern countries, too, into a military conflict with Germany. Apprehensive about this development Quisling again appeared in Berlin in December 1939 He visited Reichsleiter Rosenberg and Grand Admiral Raeder. In the course of a report to the Fuehrer, Reichsleiter Rosenberg turned the conversation once more to Norway. He especially pointed to Norway's importance should England, to tighten her blockade and under the pretext of aid to Finland, take steps to occupy the country, with the Norwegians' tacit consent. On the basis of his conversation with Quisling and at his own request Grand Admiral Raeder, too, had been asked to see the Fuehrer. In consequence of these steps, Quisling was granted a personal audience with the Fuehrer on 16 December, and once more on 18 December In the course of this audience the Fuehrer emphasized repeatedly that he personally would prefer a completely neutral attitude of Norway as well as of the whole of Scandinavia. He did not intend to enlarge the theaters of war and to draw still other nations into the conflict. Should the enemy attempt to spend the war, however, with the aim of achieving further throttling and intimidation of the Greater German Reich, he would be compelled to gird himself against such an undertaking. In order to counterbalance increasing enemy propaganda activity, he promised Quisling financial support of his movement, which is based on Greater Germanic ideology. Military exploitation of the question now raised was assigned to the Special Military Staff, which transmitted special missions to Quisling. Reichsleiter Rosenberg was to take over political exploitation. Financial expenses were to be defrayed by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [Auswaertiges Amt], the Minister for Foreign Affairs being kept continuously by the Foreign Affairs Bureau. Chief of Section [ Amtsleiter ] Scheidt was charged with maintaining liaison with Quisling. In the course of further developments he was assigned to the Naval Attache in Oslo, Lt. Commander [Korvettenkapitaen] Screiber. Orders were given that the whole matter be handled with strictest secrecy.\nQuisling's reports, transmitted through his representative in Germany, Hagelin, and dealing with the possibility of intervention by the Western Powers in Norway with tacit consent of the Norwegian government, became more urgent by January already. These increasingly better substantiated communications were in sharpest contrast to the view of the German Legation in Oslo. which relied on the desire for neutrality of the then Norwegian Nygardsvold cabinet and was convinced of that government's intention and readiness to defend Norway's neutrality. No one in Norway knew that Quisling's representative for Germany maintained closest relations to him; he therefore succeeded in gaining a foothold within governmental circles of the Nygardsvold cabinet. and in listening to cabinet members' true views. Hagelin transmitted what he had heard to the Bureau, which conveyed the news to the Fuehrer through Reichsleiter Rosenberg. During the night of 16 to 17 February English destroyers attacked the German steamer \"Altmark\" in Jossing fjord. The Norwegian government's reaction to this question permitted the conclusion that certain agreements had been covertly arrived at between the Norwegian government and the Allies. Such assumption was confirmed by reports of Section [Amtsleiter] Scheidt who in turn derived his information from Hagelin and Quisling. But even after this incident the German Legation in Oslo championed that opposite view, and went on record as believing in the good intentions of the Norwegians.\nThanks to his connections in Norway as agent of the Norwegian Navy, Hagelin had succeeded, in the meantime, in being entrusted with the purchase of German AA guns through the German Navy Ministry. Through these connections he gained more and more insight into the real views and intentions of the Norwegian Nygardsvold cabinet, and into the preparations already initiated by the Allies in Norway. At the occasion of his presence in Berlin on 20 March to negotiate about delivery of German AA guns he mentioned that the Allies were even now examining Norwegian ports for loading and transportation facilities. The French Kommandant entrusted with this mission was said to have revealed Allied intentions in confidential conversations with the commander of Narwik, an adherent of Quisling. These intentions were to land motorized troops at Stavanger, Drontheim and perhaps Kirkenes, and to occupy Sola airdrome near Stavanger. Hagelin also re-emphasized his warnings about agreements secretly concluded between the Allies and the Norwegian government according to which the Norwegian government would content itself .solely with paper protests in case of a possible occupation of port cities by the Allies. He pointed out that the Norwegian government had never intended to seriously oppose England, and that it was playing a two-faced game with Germany solely to gain time for faits accomplis. He also mentioned that the Norwegian government had been informed by England that Germany intended to lay a minefield from Jutland to the Norwegian coast. In view of all the information that had reached him, Quisling could no longer stand by his advice to await developments in Norway for a little while longer; he was compelled to point out that any delay of the German counter-thrust would entail extraordinary risks. These reports were immediately transmitted to the Fuehrer by Reichsleiter Rosenberg On 8 April the Allies struck the first blow in preparation for their intended occupation of Norway, thus confirming these reports made by Quisling and his agents, and in contrast to the views held to the end by the German Legation in Oslo and by the expert of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [Auswaertiges Amt] During the night from 7 to 8 April minefields were laid alongside the Norwegian coast by the Allied fleet, and the Allied governments informed the world of the steps they had taken. In accordance with indications given by the Bureau, only progressively more tepid protests were made by Norway. By order of the Fuehrer Greater Germany counter-attacked, after corresponding preparation in the morning of 9 April and occupied the most important Norwegian sea ports and airdromes.\nAnnex II:\nRumania (From the overthrow of Titolescu to Marshal Antonescu)\nIn spite of almost complete occupation by the Central Powers in the last World War, Rumania was indebted to\nVersailles\nfor her re-creation, which was effected partially even at the expense of her one-time Eastern ally. A basically sound anti-Semitic tendency existed in this post-war country. which was torn asunder by dynastic squabbles and innumerable party fights. But in spite of repeated efforts this tendency had never risen above the limitations of a club, because of solely scientific doctrinaire leadership. What was lacking w as the guiding leadership of a political personality. After manifold grouping trials the Bureau believed to have found such a personality--the former Minister, and poet. Octavian Goga. It was not difficult to convince this poet, pervaded by instinctive inspiration, that a Greater Rumania, though it had to be created in opposition to Vienna, could be maintained only together with Berlin. Nor was it difficult to create in him the desire to link the fate of Rumania with the future of the National Socialist German Reich in good time. By bringing continuing influence to bear, the Bureau succeeded in inducing Octavian Goga as well as Professor Cuza to amalgamate the parties under their leadership on an Anti-Semitic basis. Thus they could carry on with united strength the struggle for Rumania's renascence internally, and her affiliation [Anschluss] with Germany externally. Through the Bureau's initiative both parties, which had heretofore been known by distinct names, were merged as the National Christian Party, under Goga's leadership and with Cuza as Honorary President. The attempts concurrently undertaken by the Bureau to amalgamate this Party with the much more youthful. but energetic Iron Guard movement were initially frustrated by the apparently insurmountable personal incompatibility of Cuza and Codreanu. At any rate these attempts led to the secret establishment of good personal relations between Goga and the mystic-fanciful Codreanu.\nIn the course of the years after his return, the king had succeeded in becoming the country's decisive factor through craft tactics in dealing with the dominant political parties. Had the Bureau also succeeded in merging the National-Christian Party with Codreanu, Rumania would have obtained sharply anti-Semitic leadership based on strong mass support. Such leadership could have attained its aims even against the will of the king. However, surviving rivalries between the country's anti-Semitic trends later enabled the king to use them separately for his plan, in order to destroy them as far as possible.\nThe struggle for re-orientation of Rumania's foreign policy was taken up by Goga with bold elan. He had earlier succeeded in upsetting the position of Foreign Minister Titolescu, the agent of Franco, of the Geneva League of Nations and of the Little Entente- Titolescu was later overthrown. Among the numerous not very significant splinter parties, the \"Young Liberals\" founded by George Bratianu, supported Goga's campaign, without joining the anti-Semitic trend. The Rumanian front of Vaida Voevod, wobbling to and fro among all camps, adopted a similar position for some time.\nThrough intermediaries\n, the Bureau\nmaintained constant contact\nwith both tendencies, just like it constantly consulted with Goga, through Staff Director [Stabsleiter Schickedanz] about tactics to be followed. The whole struggle was accelerated by Soviet Russia's increasing pressure in the Bessarabian question and by the process of political rapprochement with Moscow which was supported by Paris and Prague. Following a long period of recurring political trials involving scandal and graft, Rumania's internal struggle for the future make-up of the country had been aggravated by the coming to the front of the Christian-Nationalist Party and of the Iron Guard. This struggle was being fought with increasing bitterness. The king's attitude towards the national movement was procrastinating and underhanded. The movement was agreeable to him for eliminating the two parties which, by tradition, took turns in the government. But he intended to prevent the unequivocal victory of anti-Semitic and racial [Voelkisch] principles, influenced by growing Nationalism in the country. That is why the Nationalists' foreign policy, secretly projected by Germany, did not fit into his plans. Because he was in possession of the police and of the army, he remained the decisive factor in the country. After repeated postponement of the elections, which were legally due, the king decided to hold an election. The decision was based on a very reliable report of his then Prime Minister Taterescu. Taterescu was convinced that the Liberal Party would again receive 40% of all votes, through the machinations customary in Fomia. However, after a bitter election campaign the Liberal Party suffered painful defeat. The opposition National Movement had achieved indisputable victory in spite of all chicanery and machinations by their opponents. The Iron Guard received about 16% of the total vote, the National-Christian Party Goga-Cuza about 11%, the government party about 35. The rest of the votes were scattered. After some vacillation and hesitancy, the king appointed Goga Prime Minister on 27 Decmeber 1937 with a binding promise that Parliament would be dismissed and new elections held within the legally prescribed time limit. In spite of warnings by the Bureau Goga believed the promise given by the king. But the king was only attempting to gain time.\nThus a second government on racial and anti-Semitic foundations had appeared in Europe, in a country in which such an event had been considered completely impossible.\nThe government immediately made known its intention to proceed against Jewish predominance in the country and declared repeatedly that it would have to subject Rumania's previous foreign policy to reexamination and reform. In the meantime the Judaic-Masonic and liberal opposition did not lose time. Passions were inflamed and became increasingly more envenomed. It looked like a hot and bloody election campaign. The prospects of Goga's Christian-Nationalist Party pointed to a big victory with sure certainty, especially since, with the Bureau's cooperation he had on the sly made a secret agreement with Codreanu. To be sure, Goga did not act on the Bureau's advice to immediately develop his party cadres, to expand his party machine all over the country and to permeate the police and gendarmerie. Goga postponed the execution of organizational reform, which he also intended, until after the election. He considered himself to be under obligation to the king not to undertake anything until the electoral decisions had been rendered, but to take steps all the more incisively after legally attaining the majority.\nIn innumerable interviews the opposition must have succeeded in convincing the king that an electoral victory of Goga would react most acutely against the king himself. In that case he would no longer be able to get rid of the ghosts he had called in; if Goga attained a two-thirds majority, he, the king, would be Goga's captive. These expostulations, and the uncontrollable Judaic influences of the Jewish clique at the Rumanian court, plus the pressure of the French and British Ministers led to a change in the king's attitude, assuming that this change had not already been anticipated by him at the time of Goga's appointment. The king decided to prevent the elections. Goga resisted. Thereupon the king offered Goga the formation of an authoritarian government, a government created solely by virtue of royal sovereignty. That meant a coup d'etat. Goga declined. Thereupon the king informed Goga that he would accept the cabinet's resignation, which, however, had not even been offered to him. Goga realized too late that the strength at his disposal was entirely inadequate to thwart the king's plans. He resigned.\nBut the course once embarked upon forced even the king to pay heed to the mood that had been created in the country. Also, a  disrupted foreign-policy ties was no longer possible. Although an authoritarian system had been built up, Rumania found herself without her former backing. The French security system had been ruptured and could not be re-established, if only in view of Yugoslavia's attitude in the South-East, where relations established by other German agencies had simultaneously loosened the cohesiveness of the Little Entente. That, at any rate, was the Goga government's success.\nIn his last great speech to the Rumania Academy, shortly before his death, Goga welcomed Austria's affiliation with Germany, and affirmed for the last time his belief in adherence to new Greater German Reich and to Fascist Italy, a belief he had struggled for.\nNow the king's war of extermination against the Iron Guard began. Codreanu was arrested with his closest collaborators, to face a specially convoked court-martial. Sole basis for the prosecution was an alleged communication from Codreanu to the Fuehrer, which was proved to be a forgery, and a telegram addressed to the Fuehrer. On the basis of these \"records\" he was sentenced to ten years' hard labor. In vain did the Bureau attempt to bring about an intervention of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in this episode, which diminished the whole prestige of the German Reich. It did not prevail against the official agencies, which condemned the entire project of the Bureau in Rumania, because the official German delegation expected their sole salvation from the attitude of the king and his creatures. Logically, the acceptance without dissent of this challenge was interpreted in Bucharest as granting carte blanche and Codreanu was shot with his closest collaborators for establishment of the first personal contact between the King and the Fuehrer.\nThis appeared to doom the Iron Guard, too, Goga's party, deprived of his leadership, was submerged into insignificance. But Goga left behind a personal heir, who is now Marshal Antonescu. Against the king's wish, Goga had appointed this politically insignificant provincial general, with whom the king was on bad terms, as his Minister of War. At first, completely pro French in outlook, Antonescu gradually adopted a different view under Goga's influence. After Goga's resignation, Antonescu still remained in the king's cabinet at Goga's wish. He also maintained continued relations with the Iron Guard. Thereby the possibility of eliminating the king was at hand--and was exploited. Antonescu's to-day appears in practice as executor of the heritage bequeathed to him by Goga, who had led him from political insignificance into the political arena. Thereby a change to Germany's liking had become possible in Rumania.\n[signed] ROSENBERG\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
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    "char_count": 33507,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "Annex II",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/007-ps.asp#annex2",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.007-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 007-PS\nBrief Report on Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Party from 1933-1943\nWhen the Foreign Affairs Bureau [Aussenpolitisches Amt] was established 1 April 1933 the Fuehrer directed that it should not be expanded to a large bureaucratic agency, but should rather develop its effectiveness through initiative and suggestions.\nCorresponding to the extra ordinarily hostile attitude adopted by the Soviet Government in Moscow from the beginning the newly-established bureau devoted particular attention to internal conditions in the Soviet Union, as well as to the effects of World Bolshevism primarily in other European countries. It entered into contact with the most variegated groups inclining towards National Socialism and combatting Bolshevism, focussing its main attention on Nations and States bordering on the Soviet Union. On the one end those nations and states constituted an\nInsulating Ring\nencircling the Bolshevist neighbor; on the other hand they were the lateral of german living space [Fluegelstellung zum deutschen Lebensraum] and took up a flanking position towards the Western Powers [Flankenstellung Gegenueber Den Westmaechten] especially Great Britain. In order to wield the desired influence by one means or another, the Bureau was compelled to use the most varying methods, taking into consideration the completely different living conditions, the ties of blood, intellect and history of the movements observed by the Bureau in those countries.\nIn\nScandinavia\nan outspoken pro-Anglo-Saxon attitude, based on economic considerations, had become progressively more dominant after the World War of 1914/1918. There the Bureau put entire emphasis on influencing general\ncultural\nrelations with the Nordic peoples. For this purpose it took the Nordic Society [Nordische Gesellschaft] in Luebeck under its protection. The Reich conventions of this society were attended by many outstanding personalities, especially from Finland. While there were no openings for purely political cooperation in Sweden and Denmark, an association based on Greater Germanic ideology was found in Norway. Very close relations were established with its founder, which led to further consequences. (See\nannex I\nfor more detailed exposition).\nSouth-Eastern Europe\nwas dominated by the French post-war system of alliances. The countries united in the Little Entente were aiming at a more favorable defence of the booty accumulated during the war. In addition each one of these countries sought to gain through this mutual-assistance pact safety against a superior opponent: Czechoslovakia against Germany; Yugoslavia against Italy; Rumania against the Soviet Union. In\nCzechoslovakia\na common hatred against everything German united the still remaining, partly pan-Slavic, Masonic and pro-Jewish tendencies. In\nRumania\nthe feeling of insecurity and fear of the superior neighbor, from whom she had taken Bessarabia was growing. In Rumania a primitive anti-Semitic group still existed. Its academically doctrinaire attitude precluded large scale political effectiveness, but nevertheless offered points of mutual interest. The Foreign Affairs Bureau picked these up, developed them, instigated the formation of a new party and thereby forced a decisive change in the whole political situation in Rumania, which is still having its effect today. (See\nAnnex II\nfor more detailed exposition).\nHungary and Bulgaria\nalone, Allied nations of the World War which had formerly been completely deprived of their rights, were attracted by the newly-formed center of gravity in the north. This attraction was nourished by the hope of obtaining an expansion of their own power through the increasing strength of Germany. However, National Socialism met a certain reserve or antipathy in Bulgaria because of widespread contagion of the Communistic blight. In Hungary it met similar reserve due to the still-fashionable feudal leading circles, who are bolstered by Jewish capital. At any rate it may be mentioned here that\nthe first foreign state visit after the seizure of power took place through the mediation of the Foreign Affairs Bureau\n. Julius Gombos, who in former years had himself pursued anti-Semitic and racial tendencies, had reached the Hungarian Premier's chair. The Bureau maintained a personal connection with him. In September 1933 he paid a visit to Germany and was received by the Fuehrer in Erfurt. With this visit the official cordon of isolation surrounding National Socialism was pierced for the first time. This visit had been preceded by the Fuehrer's reception of the Rumanian poet and former minister Octavian Goga through the Bureau's mediation. Goga later became the decisive exponent of a political reproachment with Germany.\nIn\nYugoslavia\nother German Reich agencies had become active in the same direction, so that the Foreign Affairs Bureau remained in the background and shifted its efforts to the purely commercial sphere. It initiated the first contracts with Croatian and Serbian cooperatives.\nMotivated by reasons of War Economy, the Bureau advocated\nthe transfer of raw material purchases from overseas\nto the areas accessible by overland traffic routes, i. e. primarily\nin the Balkans\n, naturally insofar as practicable. At first little heed was paid to the Bureau in these endeavors, but it later secured the active support especially of the Food Estate; through its cooperation, e. g., on the subject of fruit and vegetable imports, a very substantial shift in the source of imports was attained, particularly through the currently initiated cooperation with Croatian and Hungarian cooperatives as well as with commercial associations all over the Balkans.\nFrom the beginning, work in\nItaly\nwas out of the question because ever since the days of our struggle for power ties of a personal nature have existed, which were taken over by official institutions or cultivated by individual personalities. Work in Austria was also excluded, since a special \"Provincial Directorate for Austria\" existed within the Nazi Party.\nThe Bureau declined to concern itself with questions of Racial Germans [Volksdeutsche] abroad. For this phase of the problem the \"Racial Germans\" Central Agency [Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle] was later created.\nTowards\nWestern European States\nthe Bureau limited its activities to simple observation of existing conditions, or to the establishment of relations, especially of a commercial nature, primarily in\nBelgium, Holland and Luxemburg\n.\nIn accordance with the attitude on foreign policy laid down by the Fuehrer, the Bureau endeavored to establish far-reaching connections with England through continuous personal contacts with influential personalities of English political life. Eminent Englishmen were invited to the annual Party Rallies.\nPursuant to its self chosen task the Bureau devoted its attention to the\nNear East\n. Turkey, newly consolidated by Mustapha Kemal, adopted a hesitating attitude of watchful waiting. This position was probably due to military impotence against Soviet Russia, clearly recognized, on the one hand, and also to hostility to Fascist Italy, already previously manifested, on the other hand. In\nIran\n, however, the Bureau's initiative in the economic field to stimulate the mutual exchange of goods encountered greatest understanding and the greatest readiness in carrying it through. The Bureau's initiative in developing with the head of commercial circles, entirely new methods for the economic penetration of Iran found expression, in an extraordinarily favorable way. in reciprocal trade relations. Naturally in Germany, too, this initiative at first encountered a completely negative attitude and resistance on the part of the competent state authorities, an attitude that had first to be overcome. In the course of a few year. the volume of trade with Iran was multiplied five-fold, and in 1939 Iran's trade turnover with Germany had attained first place. Even Soviet Russia, the competitor who had been biggest and most dreaded previously, had been eliminated from the running. Concurrently with the activation of commercial relation the Bureau had also intensified cultural relations and had, in conjunction with growing commercial influence and in closet collaboration with the Iranian Government, created a series of cultural institutions headed and directed by Germans. In consequence the dominant French cultural influence in Iran has already been broken since the year 1936.\nThe Bureau simultaneously attempted to also draw Afghanistan into its orbit. Relations established with leading individual personalities led to the willing opening of this country, which had formerly been rather neglected by Germany. All the leading personalities of Afghanistan were guests of the Bureau. The Bureau favored the taking part of German economy in the industrial upbuilding of the country; German experts in all fields we called to Afghanistan in increasing numbers through the Bureau's mediation. The German Colony became the dominant one in Afghanistan The preparation for expansion of the Afghan army was in German hands; carrying it through was prevented by the outbreak of war. Even though the German Colony had to leave Afghanistan later on, Afghanistan's neutral position today is largely due to the Bureau's activity.\nThe\nArab question\n, too, became part of the work of the Bureau. In spite of England's tutelage of\nIraq\nthe Bureau established a series of connections to a number of leading personalities of the Arab world, smoothing the way for strong bonds to Germany. In this connection, the growing influence of the Reich in Iran and Afghanistan did not fail to have repercussions in Arabia. All these relations took place on a purely economic basis and fostered the systematically directed advancement of German influence and prestige in the domains reserved by the Western Powers for themselves. In this connection it may be mentioned in general that the internal peril to England's preponderance in those areas would have been considerably more pronounced, if the Bureau's foresighted initiative, which took Oriental conditions very well into account, had not been forever ignored by official authorities.\nThe Bureau foresaw the necessity of technical improvement of the\nDanube water route\nto facilitate traffic, because of the shift in the increase of the exchange in goods, especially in the Balkans and in the Orient. On its own initiative it attempted to influence competent authorities (especially of the Bavarian Government), together with particularly interested private commercial circles, to enlarge our Danube shipping facilities (primarily the port of Regensburg). Although the Bureau throughout the years asserted this necessity, which was becoming more and more urgent, and although the Bureau relentlessly maintained its initiative its endeavors in this matter were unfortunately not crowned by any success. Presumably all responsible authorities regret it bitterly to-day.\nAmong other projects due to the Foreign Affairs Bureau's initiative endeavors to grow the\nrubber-fibered Kok Sagys plant\nin Germany deserve to be emphasized. This plant is being cultivated in the Soviet Union. In spite of efforts during many years no success was attained in planting sizeable experimental crops, because of latent disunity among competent authority. The Bureau was compelled to resort to experimental fields in\nGreece\nthrough its own connections in the Balkans.\nSomewhat off the beaten path was the Bureau's undertaking in\nBrazil\n, which grew out of personal connections, large quantities of cotton (60,000 tons) were successfully brought to Germany under a clearing agreement at a time when imports of this raw material had become very critically short, already necessitating work outs. A Bureau representative was twice the Brazilian Government's guest. Brazil and Iran were the only nations from whom Germany could purchase this indispensable raw material for Reichsmark. The Brazilian Minister expressed his thanks for this initial step to the Head of the Bureau in an address delivered at the occasion of an exposition.\nAbout 40 lecture evenings for diplomats and the foreign press should also be listed. They dealt with the construction of the new Germany, and speakers included many leading personalities of the Reich.\nThe Bureau has carried out the initiating of all politically feasible projects. With the outbreak of war it was entitled to consider its task as terminated. The exploitation of the many\npersonal\nconnections in many lands can be resumed under a different guise.\nSigned: ROSENBERG\n2 Inclosures\nI\nNorway\nII\nRumania\nAnnex I\nto Brief Report on Activities of the Foreign Affairs Bureau of the Nazi Party from 1933-1943.\nThe Political Preparation of the Military Occupation of Norway During the War Years 1939/1940.\nAs previously mentioned, of all political groupings in Scandinavia only \"Nasjonal Samling\", led in Norway by the Former Minister of War and Major of the Reserve Vidkun Quisling, deserved serious political attention. This was a fighting political group, possessed by the idea of a Greater Germanic Community. Naturally all ruling powers were hostile and attempted to prevent. by any means, its success among the population. The Bureau maintained constant liaison with Quisling and attentively observed the attacks he conducted with tenacious energy on the middle class which had been taken in tow by the English. From the beginning it appeared probable that without revolutionary events. which would stir the population from their former attitude, no successful progress of Nasjonal Samling was to be expected. During the winter 1938/1939, Quisling was privately visited by a member of the Bureau. When the political situation in Europe came to a head in 1939, Quisling made an appearance at the convention of the Nordic Society [Nordische Gesellschaft] in Luebeck in June. He expounded his conception of the situation, and his apprehensions concerning Norway. He emphatically drew attention to the geopolitically decisive importance of Norway in the Scandinavian area, and to the advantages that would accrue to the power dominating the Norwegian coast in case of a conflict between the Greater German Reich and Great Britain. Assuming that his statements would be of special interest to the Marshal of the Reich Goering for aero-strategical reasons, Quisling was referred to State Secretary [Staatssekretaer] Koerner by the Bureau. The Staff Director [Stabsleiter] of the Bureau handed the Chief of the Reich Chancellery a memorandum for transmission to the Fuehrer. It dealt with the same subject, still taking into account the then doubtful attitude of Soviet Russia. After the outbreak of German-Polish hostilities and of the Soviet-Finnish war, tensions in Scandinavia became more strained and facilitated the work of Anglo-Saxon propaganda. It began to appear possible that, under the pretext of altruistic aid to Finland, Great Britain might intend to occupy Norway, and perhaps Sweden, to complete the anti-German blockade in the North Sea for all practical purposes, and to gain comfortable airplane bases against Germany. The aim would have been to drag the Northern countries, too, into a military conflict with Germany. Apprehensive about this development Quisling again appeared in Berlin in December 1939 He visited Reichsleiter Rosenberg and Grand Admiral Raeder. In the course of a report to the Fuehrer, Reichsleiter Rosenberg turned the conversation once more to Norway. He especially pointed to Norway's importance should England, to tighten her blockade and under the pretext of aid to Finland, take steps to occupy the country, with the Norwegians' tacit consent. On the basis of his conversation with Quisling and at his own request Grand Admiral Raeder, too, had been asked to see the Fuehrer. In consequence of these steps, Quisling was granted a personal audience with the Fuehrer on 16 December, and once more on 18 December In the course of this audience the Fuehrer emphasized repeatedly that he personally would prefer a completely neutral attitude of Norway as well as of the whole of Scandinavia. He did not intend to enlarge the theaters of war and to draw still other nations into the conflict. Should the enemy attempt to spend the war, however, with the aim of achieving further throttling and intimidation of the Greater German Reich, he would be compelled to gird himself against such an undertaking. In order to counterbalance increasing enemy propaganda activity, he promised Quisling financial support of his movement, which is based on Greater Germanic ideology. Military exploitation of the question now raised was assigned to the Special Military Staff, which transmitted special missions to Quisling. Reichsleiter Rosenberg was to take over political exploitation. Financial expenses were to be defrayed by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [Auswaertiges Amt], the Minister for Foreign Affairs being kept continuously by the Foreign Affairs Bureau. Chief of Section [ Amtsleiter ] Scheidt was charged with maintaining liaison with Quisling. In the course of further developments he was assigned to the Naval Attache in Oslo, Lt. Commander [Korvettenkapitaen] Screiber. Orders were given that the whole matter be handled with strictest secrecy.\nQuisling's reports, transmitted through his representative in Germany, Hagelin, and dealing with the possibility of intervention by the Western Powers in Norway with tacit consent of the Norwegian government, became more urgent by January already. These increasingly better substantiated communications were in sharpest contrast to the view of the German Legation in Oslo. which relied on the desire for neutrality of the then Norwegian Nygardsvold cabinet and was convinced of that government's intention and readiness to defend Norway's neutrality. No one in Norway knew that Quisling's representative for Germany maintained closest relations to him; he therefore succeeded in gaining a foothold within governmental circles of the Nygardsvold cabinet. and in listening to cabinet members' true views. Hagelin transmitted what he had heard to the Bureau, which conveyed the news to the Fuehrer through Reichsleiter Rosenberg. During the night of 16 to 17 February English destroyers attacked the German steamer \"Altmark\" in Jossing fjord. The Norwegian government's reaction to this question permitted the conclusion that certain agreements had been covertly arrived at between the Norwegian government and the Allies. Such assumption was confirmed by reports of Section [Amtsleiter] Scheidt who in turn derived his information from Hagelin and Quisling. But even after this incident the German Legation in Oslo championed that opposite view, and went on record as believing in the good intentions of the Norwegians.\nThanks to his connections in Norway as agent of the Norwegian Navy, Hagelin had succeeded, in the meantime, in being entrusted with the purchase of German AA guns through the German Navy Ministry. Through these connections he gained more and more insight into the real views and intentions of the Norwegian Nygardsvold cabinet, and into the preparations already initiated by the Allies in Norway. At the occasion of his presence in Berlin on 20 March to negotiate about delivery of German AA guns he mentioned that the Allies were even now examining Norwegian ports for loading and transportation facilities. The French Kommandant entrusted with this mission was said to have revealed Allied intentions in confidential conversations with the commander of Narwik, an adherent of Quisling. These intentions were to land motorized troops at Stavanger, Drontheim and perhaps Kirkenes, and to occupy Sola airdrome near Stavanger. Hagelin also re-emphasized his warnings about agreements secretly concluded between the Allies and the Norwegian government according to which the Norwegian government would content itself .solely with paper protests in case of a possible occupation of port cities by the Allies. He pointed out that the Norwegian government had never intended to seriously oppose England, and that it was playing a two-faced game with Germany solely to gain time for faits accomplis. He also mentioned that the Norwegian government had been informed by England that Germany intended to lay a minefield from Jutland to the Norwegian coast. In view of all the information that had reached him, Quisling could no longer stand by his advice to await developments in Norway for a little while longer; he was compelled to point out that any delay of the German counter-thrust would entail extraordinary risks. These reports were immediately transmitted to the Fuehrer by Reichsleiter Rosenberg On 8 April the Allies struck the first blow in preparation for their intended occupation of Norway, thus confirming these reports made by Quisling and his agents, and in contrast to the views held to the end by the German Legation in Oslo and by the expert of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs [Auswaertiges Amt] During the night from 7 to 8 April minefields were laid alongside the Norwegian coast by the Allied fleet, and the Allied governments informed the world of the steps they had taken. In accordance with indications given by the Bureau, only progressively more tepid protests were made by Norway. By order of the Fuehrer Greater Germany counter-attacked, after corresponding preparation in the morning of 9 April and occupied the most important Norwegian sea ports and airdromes.\nAnnex II:\nRumania (From the overthrow of Titolescu to Marshal Antonescu)\nIn spite of almost complete occupation by the Central Powers in the last World War, Rumania was indebted to\nVersailles\nfor her re-creation, which was effected partially even at the expense of her one-time Eastern ally. A basically sound anti-Semitic tendency existed in this post-war country. which was torn asunder by dynastic squabbles and innumerable party fights. But in spite of repeated efforts this tendency had never risen above the limitations of a club, because of solely scientific doctrinaire leadership. What was lacking w as the guiding leadership of a political personality. After manifold grouping trials the Bureau believed to have found such a personality--the former Minister, and poet. Octavian Goga. It was not difficult to convince this poet, pervaded by instinctive inspiration, that a Greater Rumania, though it had to be created in opposition to Vienna, could be maintained only together with Berlin. Nor was it difficult to create in him the desire to link the fate of Rumania with the future of the National Socialist German Reich in good time. By bringing continuing influence to bear, the Bureau succeeded in inducing Octavian Goga as well as Professor Cuza to amalgamate the parties under their leadership on an Anti-Semitic basis. Thus they could carry on with united strength the struggle for Rumania's renascence internally, and her affiliation [Anschluss] with Germany externally. Through the Bureau's initiative both parties, which had heretofore been known by distinct names, were merged as the National Christian Party, under Goga's leadership and with Cuza as Honorary President. The attempts concurrently undertaken by the Bureau to amalgamate this Party with the much more youthful. but energetic Iron Guard movement were initially frustrated by the apparently insurmountable personal incompatibility of Cuza and Codreanu. At any rate these attempts led to the secret establishment of good personal relations between Goga and the mystic-fanciful Codreanu.\nIn the course of the years after his return, the king had succeeded in becoming the country's decisive factor through craft tactics in dealing with the dominant political parties. Had the Bureau also succeeded in merging the National-Christian Party with Codreanu, Rumania would have obtained sharply anti-Semitic leadership based on strong mass support. Such leadership could have attained its aims even against the will of the king. However, surviving rivalries between the country's anti-Semitic trends later enabled the king to use them separately for his plan, in order to destroy them as far as possible.\nThe struggle for re-orientation of Rumania's foreign policy was taken up by Goga with bold elan. He had earlier succeeded in upsetting the position of Foreign Minister Titolescu, the agent of Franco, of the Geneva League of Nations and of the Little Entente- Titolescu was later overthrown. Among the numerous not very significant splinter parties, the \"Young Liberals\" founded by George Bratianu, supported Goga's campaign, without joining the anti-Semitic trend. The Rumanian front of Vaida Voevod, wobbling to and fro among all camps, adopted a similar position for some time.\nThrough intermediaries\n, the Bureau\nmaintained constant contact\nwith both tendencies, just like it constantly consulted with Goga, through Staff Director [Stabsleiter Schickedanz] about tactics to be followed. The whole struggle was accelerated by Soviet Russia's increasing pressure in the Bessarabian question and by the process of political rapprochement with Moscow which was supported by Paris and Prague. Following a long period of recurring political trials involving scandal and graft, Rumania's internal struggle for the future make-up of the country had been aggravated by the coming to the front of the Christian-Nationalist Party and of the Iron Guard. This struggle was being fought with increasing bitterness. The king's attitude towards the national movement was procrastinating and underhanded. The movement was agreeable to him for eliminating the two parties which, by tradition, took turns in the government. But he intended to prevent the unequivocal victory of anti-Semitic and racial [Voelkisch] principles, influenced by growing Nationalism in the country. That is why the Nationalists' foreign policy, secretly projected by Germany, did not fit into his plans. Because he was in possession of the police and of the army, he remained the decisive factor in the country. After repeated postponement of the elections, which were legally due, the king decided to hold an election. The decision was based on a very reliable report of his then Prime Minister Taterescu. Taterescu was convinced that the Liberal Party would again receive 40% of all votes, through the machinations customary in Fomia. However, after a bitter election campaign the Liberal Party suffered painful defeat. The opposition National Movement had achieved indisputable victory in spite of all chicanery and machinations by their opponents. The Iron Guard received about 16% of the total vote, the National-Christian Party Goga-Cuza about 11%, the government party about 35. The rest of the votes were scattered. After some vacillation and hesitancy, the king appointed Goga Prime Minister on 27 Decmeber 1937 with a binding promise that Parliament would be dismissed and new elections held within the legally prescribed time limit. In spite of warnings by the Bureau Goga believed the promise given by the king. But the king was only attempting to gain time.\nThus a second government on racial and anti-Semitic foundations had appeared in Europe, in a country in which such an event had been considered completely impossible.\nThe government immediately made known its intention to proceed against Jewish predominance in the country and declared repeatedly that it would have to subject Rumania's previous foreign policy to reexamination and reform. In the meantime the Judaic-Masonic and liberal opposition did not lose time. Passions were inflamed and became increasingly more envenomed. It looked like a hot and bloody election campaign. The prospects of Goga's Christian-Nationalist Party pointed to a big victory with sure certainty, especially since, with the Bureau's cooperation he had on the sly made a secret agreement with Codreanu. To be sure, Goga did not act on the Bureau's advice to immediately develop his party cadres, to expand his party machine all over the country and to permeate the police and gendarmerie. Goga postponed the execution of organizational reform, which he also intended, until after the election. He considered himself to be under obligation to the king not to undertake anything until the electoral decisions had been rendered, but to take steps all the more incisively after legally attaining the majority.\nIn innumerable interviews the opposition must have succeeded in convincing the king that an electoral victory of Goga would react most acutely against the king himself. In that case he would no longer be able to get rid of the ghosts he had called in; if Goga attained a two-thirds majority, he, the king, would be Goga's captive. These expostulations, and the uncontrollable Judaic influences of the Jewish clique at the Rumanian court, plus the pressure of the French and British Ministers led to a change in the king's attitude, assuming that this change had not already been anticipated by him at the time of Goga's appointment. The king decided to prevent the elections. Goga resisted. Thereupon the king offered Goga the formation of an authoritarian government, a government created solely by virtue of royal sovereignty. That meant a coup d'etat. Goga declined. Thereupon the king informed Goga that he would accept the cabinet's resignation, which, however, had not even been offered to him. Goga realized too late that the strength at his disposal was entirely inadequate to thwart the king's plans. He resigned.\nBut the course once embarked upon forced even the king to pay heed to the mood that had been created in the country. Also, a  disrupted foreign-policy ties was no longer possible. Although an authoritarian system had been built up, Rumania found herself without her former backing. The French security system had been ruptured and could not be re-established, if only in view of Yugoslavia's attitude in the South-East, where relations established by other German agencies had simultaneously loosened the cohesiveness of the Little Entente. That, at any rate, was the Goga government's success.\nIn his last great speech to the Rumania Academy, shortly before his death, Goga welcomed Austria's affiliation with Germany, and affirmed for the last time his belief in adherence to new Greater German Reich and to Fascist Italy, a belief he had struggled for.\nNow the king's war of extermination against the Iron Guard began. Codreanu was arrested with his closest collaborators, to face a specially convoked court-martial. Sole basis for the prosecution was an alleged communication from Codreanu to the Fuehrer, which was proved to be a forgery, and a telegram addressed to the Fuehrer. On the basis of these \"records\" he was sentenced to ten years' hard labor. In vain did the Bureau attempt to bring about an intervention of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in this episode, which diminished the whole prestige of the German Reich. It did not prevail against the official agencies, which condemned the entire project of the Bureau in Rumania, because the official German delegation expected their sole salvation from the attitude of the king and his creatures. Logically, the acceptance without dissent of this challenge was interpreted in Bucharest as granting carte blanche and Codreanu was shot with his closest collaborators for establishment of the first personal contact between the King and the Fuehrer.\nThis appeared to doom the Iron Guard, too, Goga's party, deprived of his leadership, was submerged into insignificance. But Goga left behind a personal heir, who is now Marshal Antonescu. Against the king's wish, Goga had appointed this politically insignificant provincial general, with whom the king was on bad terms, as his Minister of War. At first, completely pro French in outlook, Antonescu gradually adopted a different view under Goga's influence. After Goga's resignation, Antonescu still remained in the king's cabinet at Goga's wish. He also maintained continued relations with the Iron Guard. Thereby the possibility of eliminating the king was at hand--and was exploited. Antonescu's to-day appears in practice as executor of the heritage bequeathed to him by Goga, who had led him from political insignificance into the political arena. Thereby a change to Germany's liking had become possible in Rumania.\n[signed] ROSENBERG\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 5195,
    "char_count": 33507,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "014-PS : Report to the Fuehrer 20 March 1941",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/014-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.014-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 014-PS\nReport to the Fuehrer\nI report the arrival of the principal shipment of ownerless Jewish \"cultural property\" [Kulturgut] in the salvage location Neuschwanstein by special train on Saturday the 15th of this month. It was secured by my staff for Special Purposes [Einsatzstab] in Paris. The especial train, arranged for by Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering, comprised 25 express baggage cars filled with the most valuable paintings, furniture, Gobelins, works of artistic craftsmanship and ornaments. The shipment consisted chiefly of the most important parts of the collections Rothschild, Seligmann, Bernheim-Jeune, Halphen, Kann, Weil-Picard, Wildenstein, David-Weill, Levy-Benzion.\nMy Staff for Special Purposes started the confiscatory action in Paris during October 1940 on the basis of your order, my Fuehrer. With the help of the Security Service (SD) and the Secret Field Police [Geheime Feldpolizei] all storage--and hiding-places of art possessions belonging to the fugitive Jewish emigrants were systematically ascertained. These possessions were then collected in the locations provided for by the Louvre in Paris. The art historians of my staff have itemized scientifically the complete art-material and have photographed all works of value. Thus, after completion, I shall be able to submit to you shortly a conclusive catalogue of all confiscated works with exact data about origin plus scientific evaluation and description. At this time the inventory includes more than 4000 individual piece of art, partly of the highest artistic value. Besides this special train the masterpieces selected by the Reichsmarschall--mainly from the Rothschild collection--have been forwarded in two special cars to Munich already some time ago. They have bee deposited there in the air raid shelters of the Fuehrer-building.\nAccording to instruction the chief special train has been unloaded in Fussen. The cases containing pictures, furniture etc. have been stored in the castle Neuschwanstein. My deputies accompanied the special train and took care of the unloading in Neuschwanstein too.\nFirst of all the paintings have to be unpacked to determine any possible damage suffered during the transport. Furthermore, the observation of climatic influences upon the paintings and their future careful maintenance necessitate their unpacking as well as their skillful setting-up. Due to lack of time a part of the shipment has not yet been fully inventoried in Paris. This has to be taken care of by my co-workers on the spot in Neuschwanstein to supplement the inventory in full. I have detached for Neuschwanstein the necessary technical and scientific personnel of my staff for the execution of this work. The required time for the unpacking and arranging in Neuschwanstein as well as the preparing of the exhibition rooms will take approximately- 4 weeks. I shall report the completion of the work to you then, and request you, my Fuehrer, to let me show you the salvaged works of art at the spot. This will give you a survey over the work accomplished by my staff for Special Purposes.\nOver and above the chief shipment there are secured in Paris a mass of additional abandoned Jewish art possessions. These are being processed in the same sense and prepared for shipment to Germany. Exact accounts about the extent of this remaining shipment are at the moment not available. However, it is estimated that the work in the Western areas will be finished entirely within two to three months. Then a second transport can be brought to Germany.\nBerlin, 20 March 1941\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
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    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "015-PS : Rosenberg Letter",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/015-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.015-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 015-PS\n[Rosenberg Letter and Report to Hitler]\n16 April 1943\n673/R/Ma\nIn my desire to give you, my Fuehrer, some joy for your birthday I take the liberty to present to you a folder containing photos of some of the most valuable paintings which my special purpose staff [Einsatzstab], in compliance with your order, secured from ownerless Jewish art collections in the occupied western territories. These photos represent an addition to the collection of 53 of the most valuable objects of art delivered some time ago to your collection. This folder also shows only a small percentage of the exceptional value and extent of these objects of art, seized by my service command [Dienststelle] in France, and put into a safe place on the Reich.\nI beg of you, my Fuehrer, to give me a chance during my next audience to report to you orally on the whole extent and scope of this art seizure action. I beg you to accept a short written intermediate report of the progress and extent of the art seizure action which will be used as a basis for this later oral report, and also accept 3 copies of the temporary picture catalogues which, too, only show part of the collection you own. I shall deliver further catalogues which are now being compiled, when they are finished. I shall take the liberty during the requested audience to give you. my Fuehrer, another 20 folders of pictures, with the hope that this short occupation with the beautiful things of art which are nearest to your heart will send a ray of beauty and joy into your revered life.\n-Heil, my Fuehrer\nIntermediate Report of the Seizure of Ownerless Jewish Art Possessions, by the Special Purpose Staff [Einsatzstab] of Reichsleiter Rosenberg in the Occupied Western Territories.\nThe seizure action began in compliance with the Fuehrer order of 17 Sept 1940. At first those art collections were seized which the Jews, fleeing from occupied territories, left behind in Paris. The seizure action was extended to all remaining cities and villages of the occupied French territory where it was thought that Jewish art collections might be hidden. By using all possible ways and means we discovered and seized all Jewish art collections which were hidden either in Jewish homes in Paris, in castles in the provinces or in warehouses and other storage places. The seizure action vas in part very difficult and tedious and, up to now, not all completed. The escaped Jews knew how to camouflage the hiding places of these objects of art, and to find them was made more difficult by the Frenchmen originally charged with the administration of the hiding places. The special purpose staff [Einsatzstab] in connection with the security police [Sicherheitsdienst-SD], the squad for the protection of the foreign currency market [Devisenschutzkommando] and by using their own ingenuity succeeded in securing the main part of art collections, left behind by the escaped Jews, and bringing it safely to the Reich. The most important part of the action was the securing of 79 collections of well-known Jewish art collectors in France- he list of collections is attached hereto. Top place on the list is taken by the famous collections of the Jewish family of Rothschild The difficulty of the seizure action is shown by the fact that the Rothschild collections were distributed over various places in Paris, in Bordeaux and in the Loire castles of the Rothschilds and could only be found after a long and tedious search. Although the action covered the past 2 years, we discovered and secured, through the use of trusted agents, quite a large part of the Rothschild collection in 1942.\nBesides the seizure of these complete Jewish art collections, we also searched all vacant Jewish apartments in Paris and other places for single art objects which might have been left behind. The main job in this action was to ascertain all addresses of Jews. escaped from the occupied territories, since we had to overcome quite a few difficulties on the part of the French police force which naturally tried their best to retard our progress. During this search through hundreds of single Jewish apartments a large amount of art objects were secured.\nThese in this manner secured collections and single pieces of art were transferred to central collecting points in Paris, located in the so-called Jeu de Paume and rooms of the Louvre. The art expert of the special purpose staff inventoried, photographed and packed all secured objects of art. Taking the inventory was made more difficult by the fact that all data pertaining to the collection were suppressed by the former owners. For this reason each art object had to he examined separately for origin, place where found, and period. The work is so designed that at its conclusion the finished inventory will represent an unimpeachable document as far as the historical background of the art collection is concerned It will show, on one side, the monetary, and on the other, the historical value. The Jewish owners and collectors only judged these collections by their material value. Consequently they did not recognize the historical value and therefore showed no inclination to make these collections available for research. However, this research has now been accomplished by the sorely understaffed special purpose staff. All their findings were incorporated into 3 temporary books which will serve as basis for one catalogue soon to be compiled.\nDuring the time from 17 Sept 1940 to 7 April 1943, 10 transports of 92 cars or a total of 2775 crates were sent to Germany. The contents of the crates were: paintings, antique furniture, Gobelins, objects of art, etc. Besides all this another special transport of 53 art objects was shipped to the Fuehrerbau in Muenchen, and 594 pieces (paintings, plastics, furniture, textiles) delivered to Reichs Marshal [Goering].\nCastle Neuschwanstein was designated as the first shelter. After this castle was filled, the Bavarian administration for state-owned castles and parks saw fit to relinquish several rooms in the castle Herrenchiemsee for further shipments.\nSince these 2 shelters were not enough and since the Bavarian administration could not supply any more we rented 2 more in the neighborhood; it was made possible through the intervention of the State Treasurer [Reichsschatzmeister]. We rented several rooms in the former Salesianer monastery at Buxheim near Memmingen in Schwaben and the privately owned castle Kogl near Voecklabruck at Upper Austria [Oberdonau]. The location and condition of these 2 shelters is such that they are perfect in regards to safety against air attack and fire, and can easily be guarded. All art objects are so divided between the 4 shelters that it is possible to continue the inventory and care, and that no large collections of valuable art objects will be concentrated in any one place. All measures for safety are taken care of by the combined efforts of: 1. the Bavarian administration for castles and parks, 2. the central control of the fire prevention police, and 3. the local representatives of State and Party. In this way the highest degree of safety has been achieved.\n9455 articles\nin the aforementioned shelters have been completely inventoried, as of 1 April 1943. The inventory is as follows:\n5255\nPaintings\n297\nSculptures\n1372\nPieces antique furniture\n307\nTextiles\n2224\nSmall objects of art, including East-Asiatic art.\nThe inventory in addition to records of seizure and lists of seizure and transport, follows the pattern of the enclosed file card [Karteikarte]. On this file card is noted all information necessary to characterize all objects as to origin, master, technique, time, etc. These file cards together with the extended explanations of the men charged with taking the inventory constitute the basis for the editing of the master catalogue. Besides this there is in preparation a photo-library in one of the central offices in Berlin, as well as in Neuschwanstein. Since the number of technicians was small, the time short, and the necessity of a quick expert from Paris was paramount, only the most valuable objects were inventoried in Paris. Therefore the inventory has to be continued in the shelters. According to the latest count there are approximately 10,000 more objects to be inventoried.\nAt present there are 400 crates in Paris, ready for shipment which will be sent to the Reich as soon as necessary preliminary work in Paris is completed. Should the present 4 shelters not prove sufficient for consequent shipments, 2 more places, namely the castle Bruck near Linz and the camp Seisenegg near Amstetten on the lower Danube have been prepared.\nFor reasons of fire prevention all art objects in the shelters had to be unpacked skillfully. These measures were also necessary to accomplish the inventory and to continue with the care of the valuable art objects. Restoration has begun since many needed it when we acquired them. At present a repair shop with all necessary tools is being outfitted in Fuessen in which all paintings pieces of furniture and other objects will be restored, to safeguard preservation. The unpacking, the continuation of the inventory, and the establishment of the photo-library, and too, the editing of the master catalogue, will take considerable time.\nThe action of seizure [Fassungaktion] in Paris and occupied Western territories will be continued, although on a reduced scale, since there are still new art objects of great value to be found. The administration of the East not only will seize furniture, but also the art objects which might yet be found there. Here too valuable art objects were found in the last months. These art objects, found during the collection of furniture, were also sent to the shelters and will receive the same treatment as the others. Besides these objects, whose art value is established, hundreds of modern French paintings were seized which from the German standpoint are without value as far as the national-socialist art conception is concerned. These works of modern French painters will be listed separately, for a later decision as to their disposition.\nOn orders from the Reichs Marshal some of the works of modern and degenerate French art were exchanged in Paris for paints of known value. The exchange was of great advantage to us, Since we received 87 works by Italian, Dutch and German masters who are known to be of great value. We shall continue to trade whenever a chance presents itself. At the completion of the action a proposal as to the disposition of the modern and degenerate French paintings will be presented.\nBerlin, 16 April 1943\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 1949,
    "char_count": 11723,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "Report to Hitler",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/015-ps.asp#inter",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.015-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 015-PS\n[Rosenberg Letter and Report to Hitler]\n16 April 1943\n673/R/Ma\nIn my desire to give you, my Fuehrer, some joy for your birthday I take the liberty to present to you a folder containing photos of some of the most valuable paintings which my special purpose staff [Einsatzstab], in compliance with your order, secured from ownerless Jewish art collections in the occupied western territories. These photos represent an addition to the collection of 53 of the most valuable objects of art delivered some time ago to your collection. This folder also shows only a small percentage of the exceptional value and extent of these objects of art, seized by my service command [Dienststelle] in France, and put into a safe place on the Reich.\nI beg of you, my Fuehrer, to give me a chance during my next audience to report to you orally on the whole extent and scope of this art seizure action. I beg you to accept a short written intermediate report of the progress and extent of the art seizure action which will be used as a basis for this later oral report, and also accept 3 copies of the temporary picture catalogues which, too, only show part of the collection you own. I shall deliver further catalogues which are now being compiled, when they are finished. I shall take the liberty during the requested audience to give you. my Fuehrer, another 20 folders of pictures, with the hope that this short occupation with the beautiful things of art which are nearest to your heart will send a ray of beauty and joy into your revered life.\n-Heil, my Fuehrer\nIntermediate Report of the Seizure of Ownerless Jewish Art Possessions, by the Special Purpose Staff [Einsatzstab] of Reichsleiter Rosenberg in the Occupied Western Territories.\nThe seizure action began in compliance with the Fuehrer order of 17 Sept 1940. At first those art collections were seized which the Jews, fleeing from occupied territories, left behind in Paris. The seizure action was extended to all remaining cities and villages of the occupied French territory where it was thought that Jewish art collections might be hidden. By using all possible ways and means we discovered and seized all Jewish art collections which were hidden either in Jewish homes in Paris, in castles in the provinces or in warehouses and other storage places. The seizure action vas in part very difficult and tedious and, up to now, not all completed. The escaped Jews knew how to camouflage the hiding places of these objects of art, and to find them was made more difficult by the Frenchmen originally charged with the administration of the hiding places. The special purpose staff [Einsatzstab] in connection with the security police [Sicherheitsdienst-SD], the squad for the protection of the foreign currency market [Devisenschutzkommando] and by using their own ingenuity succeeded in securing the main part of art collections, left behind by the escaped Jews, and bringing it safely to the Reich. The most important part of the action was the securing of 79 collections of well-known Jewish art collectors in France- he list of collections is attached hereto. Top place on the list is taken by the famous collections of the Jewish family of Rothschild The difficulty of the seizure action is shown by the fact that the Rothschild collections were distributed over various places in Paris, in Bordeaux and in the Loire castles of the Rothschilds and could only be found after a long and tedious search. Although the action covered the past 2 years, we discovered and secured, through the use of trusted agents, quite a large part of the Rothschild collection in 1942.\nBesides the seizure of these complete Jewish art collections, we also searched all vacant Jewish apartments in Paris and other places for single art objects which might have been left behind. The main job in this action was to ascertain all addresses of Jews. escaped from the occupied territories, since we had to overcome quite a few difficulties on the part of the French police force which naturally tried their best to retard our progress. During this search through hundreds of single Jewish apartments a large amount of art objects were secured.\nThese in this manner secured collections and single pieces of art were transferred to central collecting points in Paris, located in the so-called Jeu de Paume and rooms of the Louvre. The art expert of the special purpose staff inventoried, photographed and packed all secured objects of art. Taking the inventory was made more difficult by the fact that all data pertaining to the collection were suppressed by the former owners. For this reason each art object had to he examined separately for origin, place where found, and period. The work is so designed that at its conclusion the finished inventory will represent an unimpeachable document as far as the historical background of the art collection is concerned It will show, on one side, the monetary, and on the other, the historical value. The Jewish owners and collectors only judged these collections by their material value. Consequently they did not recognize the historical value and therefore showed no inclination to make these collections available for research. However, this research has now been accomplished by the sorely understaffed special purpose staff. All their findings were incorporated into 3 temporary books which will serve as basis for one catalogue soon to be compiled.\nDuring the time from 17 Sept 1940 to 7 April 1943, 10 transports of 92 cars or a total of 2775 crates were sent to Germany. The contents of the crates were: paintings, antique furniture, Gobelins, objects of art, etc. Besides all this another special transport of 53 art objects was shipped to the Fuehrerbau in Muenchen, and 594 pieces (paintings, plastics, furniture, textiles) delivered to Reichs Marshal [Goering].\nCastle Neuschwanstein was designated as the first shelter. After this castle was filled, the Bavarian administration for state-owned castles and parks saw fit to relinquish several rooms in the castle Herrenchiemsee for further shipments.\nSince these 2 shelters were not enough and since the Bavarian administration could not supply any more we rented 2 more in the neighborhood; it was made possible through the intervention of the State Treasurer [Reichsschatzmeister]. We rented several rooms in the former Salesianer monastery at Buxheim near Memmingen in Schwaben and the privately owned castle Kogl near Voecklabruck at Upper Austria [Oberdonau]. The location and condition of these 2 shelters is such that they are perfect in regards to safety against air attack and fire, and can easily be guarded. All art objects are so divided between the 4 shelters that it is possible to continue the inventory and care, and that no large collections of valuable art objects will be concentrated in any one place. All measures for safety are taken care of by the combined efforts of: 1. the Bavarian administration for castles and parks, 2. the central control of the fire prevention police, and 3. the local representatives of State and Party. In this way the highest degree of safety has been achieved.\n9455 articles\nin the aforementioned shelters have been completely inventoried, as of 1 April 1943. The inventory is as follows:\n5255\nPaintings\n297\nSculptures\n1372\nPieces antique furniture\n307\nTextiles\n2224\nSmall objects of art, including East-Asiatic art.\nThe inventory in addition to records of seizure and lists of seizure and transport, follows the pattern of the enclosed file card [Karteikarte]. On this file card is noted all information necessary to characterize all objects as to origin, master, technique, time, etc. These file cards together with the extended explanations of the men charged with taking the inventory constitute the basis for the editing of the master catalogue. Besides this there is in preparation a photo-library in one of the central offices in Berlin, as well as in Neuschwanstein. Since the number of technicians was small, the time short, and the necessity of a quick expert from Paris was paramount, only the most valuable objects were inventoried in Paris. Therefore the inventory has to be continued in the shelters. According to the latest count there are approximately 10,000 more objects to be inventoried.\nAt present there are 400 crates in Paris, ready for shipment which will be sent to the Reich as soon as necessary preliminary work in Paris is completed. Should the present 4 shelters not prove sufficient for consequent shipments, 2 more places, namely the castle Bruck near Linz and the camp Seisenegg near Amstetten on the lower Danube have been prepared.\nFor reasons of fire prevention all art objects in the shelters had to be unpacked skillfully. These measures were also necessary to accomplish the inventory and to continue with the care of the valuable art objects. Restoration has begun since many needed it when we acquired them. At present a repair shop with all necessary tools is being outfitted in Fuessen in which all paintings pieces of furniture and other objects will be restored, to safeguard preservation. The unpacking, the continuation of the inventory, and the establishment of the photo-library, and too, the editing of the master catalogue, will take considerable time.\nThe action of seizure [Fassungaktion] in Paris and occupied Western territories will be continued, although on a reduced scale, since there are still new art objects of great value to be found. The administration of the East not only will seize furniture, but also the art objects which might yet be found there. Here too valuable art objects were found in the last months. These art objects, found during the collection of furniture, were also sent to the shelters and will receive the same treatment as the others. Besides these objects, whose art value is established, hundreds of modern French paintings were seized which from the German standpoint are without value as far as the national-socialist art conception is concerned. These works of modern French painters will be listed separately, for a later decision as to their disposition.\nOn orders from the Reichs Marshal some of the works of modern and degenerate French art were exchanged in Paris for paints of known value. The exchange was of great advantage to us, Since we received 87 works by Italian, Dutch and German masters who are known to be of great value. We shall continue to trade whenever a chance presents itself. At the completion of the action a proposal as to the disposition of the modern and degenerate French paintings will be presented.\nBerlin, 16 April 1943\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
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  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "016-PS : The Labor Mobilization Program",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/016-PS.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.016-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 016-PS\nThe Deputy for the 4 Year Plan,\nThe General Plenipotentiary for Labor Mobilization\nGBA\nBerlin W 8, 24 April 1942\nMohrenstrasse 65 (Thuringia/House)\nPhone: 126571\nBureau of Ministry [Ministerburo] received 27. April 1942, No.\n0887 Min. 28/v\nDr. K.P. has been informed\nVery esteemed and dear Party-member Rosenberg!\nInclosed please find my program for the mobilization of labor. Please excuse the fact that this copy still contains a few corrections.\nHeil Hitler !\nYours\n[signed]: Fritz Sauckel\n5 copies\ncopie for Mr. Wittenbacher\n[signed]: WACHS\n70x [Stamp]\nChancellory 1 May 1942 (Kanzlei) Mischke\nread: ILFL/KS 45.42\nfiled: 1-5, 5/5 42 Pg\nTo The \"Reichsminister\" for the Occupied Territories of the\nEast, Party-Member Rosenberg\nBerlin\nThe Deputy for the Four Year Plan\nThe Plenipotentiary for Labor-Mobilization\n20 April 1942\nSckl./We.\nThe Labor-Mobilization Program\nOn the occasion of the Hero/Memorial Day, in 1942, the hardest and most gigantic commitment of German soldiery in all history was announced to the German people by the Fuehrer. Besides the heroic and victorious conduct against an enemy of an unheard of superiority in number and material, and fighting with the courage of utter despair and beastly brutality, stands the endurance of hardships unparalleled in history of severest winter of cold, ice, snow and story since 140 years. The conquest of the unbelievable difficulties arising from such a climate and terrible weather conditions elevates our soldiers of the East Front, by comparison with the human and soldierly efforts of all times up to now, without exaggeration, to supermen.\nIt is now the duty of the Home Front towards those soldiers to summon all its strength for an equally gigantic effort to enable them to win complete, final and most rapid victory.\nAll the burdens and further necessary restrictions, even in the field of nutrition, must be endured with proud determination in consideration of the shining example of the soldiers.\nOur Armed Forces of Greater Germany surpassed themselves in heroism, resistance and endurance at the Front of the East, in Africa, in the air and on the sea. To insure their victory in any case, it is necessary now to produce more and better weapons, materiel and ammunition through another increased effort and endeavor of the entire German people, that is, all the producing workers, intellectual and manual, the women and the entire German Youth.\nIn this manner will the German Home Front contribute decisively to the frustration of the hopes of our enemies to again escape their complete and final defeat.\nThe aim of this new, gigantic labor mobilization is to use all the rich and tremendous sources, conquered and secured for us by our fighting Armed Forces under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, for the armament of the Armed Forces and also for the nutrition of the Homeland. The raw-materials as well as the fertility of the conquered territories and their human labor power are to be used completely and conscientiously to the profit of Germany and their allies.\nIn spite of the fact that most of the German people capable of doing so have already made a most commendable effort for the war economy, more considerable reserves must be found and made available under any circumstances.\nThe decisive measure to realize this is in the uniformly regulated and directed Labor-mobilization of the nation in the war.\nTo reach this goal, the following principles must be worked out and executed:\nA. All important Production Programs, actually in progress, must under no circumstances be disturbed by the new measures. On the contrary, they should even be increased.\nB. All orders of the Fuehrer, Reichs-Fieldmarshal of the Greater German Reich and the \"Minister\" for ammunition and armament are to be carried out as quickly as possible. Labor supply necessary for that purpose must be freed and made available either in Germany or in the occupied territories.\nC. The task concerning the seed and harvest of German peasantry and all the territories under German control with the view to secure the largest production is just as urgent. The lacking laborers must be made available as quickly as possible.\nD. A supply system for the vitally necessary materials for the German people will be assured.\nThe realization of these principles for labor-mobilization requires:\n1. The cooperation of all the forces of the party, economy and the state under coordinated leadership.\n2. The best will of all the German people.\n3. The most far-reaching measures to imbue all the employed German workmen and women with the highest confidence in the justice of the consideration of their own personal welfare and their salaries as well as the best possible care for their health and shelter under the actual war circumstances.\n4. The quickest and best solution of the question of the use of women and youth labor.\nTo reach the goal determined by the Fuehrer the simultaneous and quickest use of numerous different measures of unified purpose are absolutely necessary. As any one of those must not interfere with the others, but rather complement them, it is also absolutely necessary that all the offices [Dienststellen] in the Reich, its territories and communities, in party, state and economy, participating in this decisive task act according to coordinated, synchronized directives.\nThus, the labor-mobilization of the nation contributes extraordinarily to the quickest and victorious termination of the war It requires every effort of the German people on the Home front. It is for that German people, for their preservation, their freedom, happiness and amelioration of their nutrition and standards of living that this war is being fought.\nBasic Principles\nI. In the districts [Gau], it is the task of the district-chief [Gauleiter] to take in his hands the propaganda and orientation of the German people concerning the necessity of labor-mobilization and to carry out important measures for the care of the employed youth and women as well as to supervise the condition of camps and shelters.\nThey also assure themselves of the closest and friendliest cooperation of all the participating institutions.\nII. It is not only the most distinguished duty of the General Plenipotentiary, but a condition sine qua non for the success of his task, to assure himself of the utmost cooperation and understanding of all the highest Reichs-Bureaus [Reichs-stellen], especially those offices [Dienststellen] of the Armed Forces whose departments are concerned with his task.\nIII. Equally necessary is the mutual understanding of all the Reichs-leaders [Reichsleiter] of the party, especially the cooperation of the German Labor Front [Deutsche Arbeits-front] and the institutions of economy.\nIV. The General Plenipotentiary for labor mobilization will therefore use with the help of the smallest, personal staff of assistants the existing party, state and economic institutions and assure the quickest success of his measure with the good will and the cooperation of all concerned.\nV. The General Plenipotentiary for labor mobilization has therefore, with the consent of the Fuehrer and the knowledge of the Reichsmarshal of Greater Germany and the director [Letter] of the Party Chancellory [Reichskanzlei] appointed all the district chiefs [Gauleiters] as his plenipotentiaries in the German Districts of the National Socialist Party.\nVI. The plenipotentiaries for labor mobilization are using all the offices of the Party in their district. The chiefs of the highest offices of the State and economy of their districts will assist and advise the District chiefs in all matters concerning the labor mobilization.\nThe most important for that purpose would be the following:\nThe President of the Land Labor Office [Praesident des Landesarbeitsamtes]\nThe Trustee for Labor, [Treuhaender der Arbeit],\nThe leader of the Peasants [Landesbauernfuehrer],\nThe economic adviser of the district [Gauwirtschaftsberator]\nThe District Superintendant of the German Labor Front [Gauobmann der Deutschen Arbeitsfront],\nThe leader of the womanhood of the district [Gaufrauenschaftsleiterin],\nThe leader of the Hitler Youth of the region [Gebietsfuehrer der  Hitler-Jugend],\nThe highest representative of the interior and general administration, and of the office for Agriculture [der hoechste Vertreter der Inneren und Allgemeinen Verwaltung bzw. des Landeswirtschaftsamtes].\nShould the confines [Bezirk] of a Land-Labor Office comprise several Districts, it seems advisable that the President of the Land-Labor Office in question should make available to the District Chief, in whose district capital there is no Land-Labor Office, his closest and most capable assistants in such a way that also in those offices the continuous information and instruction of the district-chiefs about all the measures concerning the labor-mobilization remains assured.\nVII. The most distinguished and important task of the district-chiefs of the National Socialist Party in their capacity as plenipotentiaries in their districts consists in assuring the best understanding and cooperation of all the offices of their districts participating in the labor-mobilization.\nNevertheless, it must be strictly observed that the dignitaries of the party and the offices of the National Socialist Party, its organizations, sub-divisions and attached institutions do not assume functions coming under the jurisdiction of the State, the Armed Forces or economic institutions and for which only those authorities are responsible; they are not to interfere with official business not coming under their jurisdiction, according to the wish of the Fuehrer.\nShould we succeed with the help of the Party in convincing all the German intellectual and manual workers of the great importance of the labor-mobilization for the outcome of the war, and succeed in taking good care and keeping up the morale of all the men, women, and the German youths who work within the labor-mobilization program under extraordinarily strenuous circumstances, as far as their physical and mental capabilities of endurance are concerned, and should we furthermore be able, also with the help of the party, to use prisoners of war as well as civilian workmen and women of foreign blood not only without harm to our own people but to the greatest advantage to our war and nutrition industries, then we will have accomplished the most difficult part of the labor mobilization program.\nThe Task and its Solution\n(No figures are mentioned because of security reasons. I can assure you, nevertheless, that we are concerned with the greatest labor-problem of all times, especially with regard to figures.)\nA. The Task:\n1. The conscription of new soldiers to a gigantic extent for all branches and services of the Armed Forces has been rendered necessary by the present war-situation.\nThis means:\na. The removal of workers from all professional enterprises, especially of a great number of trained personnel from armament producing war industries.\nb. Also the removal of especially non-essential personnel from the war nutrition industry.\n2. The war situation also necessitates-the continuation of the tremendously increased and improved armament programs as ordered by the Fuehrer.\n3. The most essential commodities for the German people must continue to be produced for minimum requirements.\n4. The German housewife's health, particularly the health of those on the farms, must not be endangered in their quality as mothers by the war. On the contrary, they must be relieved in every possible way.\nB. The Solution:\n1. All skilled workers removed from defense plants through induction into the Armed Forces must absolutely and immediately be replaced in such a way that no bottleneck or decrease in the production of the war product results. It is the responsibility of all the authorities for the labor mobilization to make sure that this directive is considered in each case.\nThe most capable workers must, therefore, be removed from the reserves of discontinued, lesser defense installations, and the discontinued construction industry and be made available to the enterprises from which specialists are being called into the Armed Forces. 8 Reeks before their actual induction, in order to enable them to instruct and familiarize their replacement with their work.\n2. Workmen or women available because of destruction or damage of their installations must just as quickly be made available and incorporated again in the war industry.\n3. The Armament and Nutrition tasks make it vitally necessary, not only to include the entire German labor power but also to call on foreign labor.\nConsequently, I immediately tripled the transport program which I found when I took charge of my mission.\nThe main effort of that transport has been advanced into the months of May-June in order to assure in time and under any circumstances the availability of foreign labor power from the occupied territories for an increased production, in view of coming operations of the army, as well as agricultural labor in the sector of the German Nutrition Industry.\nAll prisoners of war, from the territories of the West as well of the East, actually in Germany, must be completely incorporated into the German armament and nutrition industries. Their production must be brought to the highest possible level.\nIt must be emphasized, however, that an additional tremendous quantity of foreign labor has to be found for the Reich. The greatest pool for that purpose are the occupied territories of the East.\nConsequently, it is an immediate necessity to use the human reserves of the conquered Soviet territory to the fullest extent. Should we not succeed in obtaining the necessary amount of labor on a voluntary basis, we must immediately institute conscription or forced labor.\nApart from the prisoners of war still in the occupied territories, we must, therefore, requisition skilled or unskilled male and female labor from the Soviet territory from the age of 15 up for the labor-mobilization.\nOn the other hand, one quarter of the total need of foreign labor can be procured in Europe's occupied territories West of Germany, according to existing possibilities.\nThe procurement of labor from friendly and also neutral countries can only cover a small part of the total need. Practically only skilled workers and specialists can be considered in this case.\n4. In order to relieve considerably the German housewife, especially the mother with many children and the extremely busy farm-woman and in order to avoid any further danger to their health, the Fuehrer also charged me with the procurement of 400,000-500,000 selected, healthy and strong girls from the territories of the East for Germany.\n5. The spring cultivation of the fields [Fruehjahrsbestellung] will be assured by the use of the German youth in class-formation, together with their teachers according to an agreement with Reichs-Youth-Leader [Reichsjugendfuehrer] and the responsible, highest Reichs-Authorities.\n6. The labor mobilization of the German women is of very great importance.\nExamining this very difficult problem and after getting thoroughly acquainted with the fundamental opinion of the Fuehrer as well as of the Reichsmarshal of the Greater German Reich and my own most careful inquiries and their results, I must absolutely reject the possibility of having an obligatory service decreed by the State for all German women and girls for the German War and Nutrition industry.\nAlthough, at the beginning, I myself, and probably the majority of the leading personalities of the party and of the womanhood with me, believed that for certain reasons an obligatory service for women should be decreed, I am of the opinion that all responsible men and women in party, state and economy should accept with the greatest veneration and gratitude the judgment of our Fuehrer Adolf Hitler, whose greatest concern has always been the health of the German women and girls; in other words, the present and future mothers of our nation.\nI cannot enumerate all the reasons which made me come to that decision. I only ask for confidence in me as an old fanatical district chief of the National Socialist party and to believe that this could be the only possible decision.\nWe all agree that this decision might appear unjust towards millions of women who are engaged in defense and nutrition industries under the most strenuous conditions but we also realize that an evil cannot be remedied by spreading it to the utmost.\nThe only possible way to eliminate the existing injustices and hardships consists in winning the war in order to enable us to remove all women and girls engaged from jobs unsuitable for women, namely endangering their health, the birth-rate of our nation, and family and national life.\nWe must also consider the difference, whether a woman or girl has been used to work in the field or in a factory because of her young age, and whether already she has proved to be able to stand this kind of work.\nAside from physical harm, the German women and girls under any circumstances mud protected from moral and mental harm according to the wish of the Fuehrer.\nIt is doubtful that these conditions could be fulfilled in the case of mass-conscription and employment. It is impossible to compare the German Woman with the German soldier in this case, because of the existing fundamental natural and racial differences between man and woman.\nWe cannot accept the responsibility for the dangers threatening the life of the nation resulting from such a measure in the field of women labor mobilization, in view of the countless men on the fighting front-our dead soldiers.\nThe many millions of women, however, faithfully and industriously engaged in the German economy, and especially now, in war time, rendering valuable services, deserve' the best possible care and consideration. They, as well as the soldiers and workmen, deserve the greatest gratitude of our nation. They must be treated in the best possible way by the labor offices and labor authorities and their economic and health necessities must be generously considered. The Fuehrer as well as the Reichsmarshal of the Greater German Reich attach the greatest value to those measures. For instance, it would be completely wrong to threaten pregnant women with punishment and court procedures, as has happened already, if they miss a day of work because of troubles resulting from their condition during the usual period of precaution [Schonungsperiode]. Nevertheless, it must and will be possible to maintain the necessary work discipline.\n7. A last, but also important reserve consists in the possibility of the personal increased production of each German worker. It will be the most distinguished task of the party and the German labor front to achieve that increased production. There is no doubt that the German intellectual and mental worker will accomplish it, no matter where, he works and in spite of the difficult conditions of our present nutrition.\nThis will be the best way for the German worker on the home front to express his gratitude towards the soldier on the fighting front who bears the most gigantic and terrible hardships in this severe winter, thus remaining victorious over our enemies.\nIt is also the task of the party, State and economy in cooperation to improve the sick rate by 1 percent through the adequate cooperation of health insurance institutions [Krankenkasse] and approved doctors [Vertrauensarzt]. This was accomplished in the district of Thuringia. Such an improvement of the sick rate throughout the Reich would mean the gain of 200,000 new workers.\nThe severest measures must be used against loafers, as we can not allow those parasites to shunt their duties in this decisive struggle of our people at the cost of the others.\nI tried to determine the exterior solution of the task concerning the labor mobilization, as conditioned by the present war situation, under paragraph B. 1-7.\nIt is only natural that all the possibilities contained in that paragraph will be completely exhausted. The rejection of a general conscription of all the women and girls does not mean that I condemn absolutely the use of women and girls who are in a position to make themselves available for a suitable job wherever they can be useful to the war industry without violating the principles of the Fuehrer. This will be done in closest cooperation with the competent offices of the party, state, the Armed Forces and the economy.\nThe labor mobilization program as laid down in paragraph 1-7 constitutes not only the greatest labor mobilization of a people but also in history.\nAdolf Hitler, however, made it clear through his idea of National Socialism that figures are not the decisive factor in the life of nations. Besides the tremendous figure of the employed labor forces stands their productive capacity. This productive capacity depends not only on the amount of calories, which I put at their disposal in the form of nourishment, but also on their moral and mental condition.\nThis makes it necessary to consider besides the gigantic, organiztional question, the questions of nutrition, shelter, orientation, propaganda, and spiritual guidance.\nMeasures to be Taken to Assure the Well-Being of German Workmen and Women\nThere must be no doubt for the German producing people that they out-do by far all the other workers of the world through their conscientious work and their readiness to accept the most strenuous tasks under proper. political and philosophical guidance.\nThe district Chiefs will at this decisive stage of the war assure with the help of all the institutions and organizations of the party the best political and ideological care ever known in the history of labor and humanity in wartime, for the German producing people in their districts.\nI am convinced in my capacity as general plenipotentiary for labor mobilization that everything will be done by the party to maintain within or without the plants the attitude and morale of the German workers on a high level through the use of all means of propaganda and orientation, meetings and appeals, as the only way to make the home front worthy of the fighting front, and the only means of accomplishing this gigantic task and winning the war.\nI will constantly see to it, that; the authorities for labor mobilization as well as the managers of the plants assist the party and primarily the German labor front in its decisive and great task in this field.\nEven workmen and women employed in war plants in their home towns and living and eating with their families must be properly looked after. I mention only: Provisions of coal and potatoes, consideration of their possibility to get to their place of work. The lack of spring vegetables and other troubles caused by war conditions and affecting the nerves and health of our people must be offset by the strength and satisfaction gathered by the realization of the National Socialist principles of folks community [Volksgemeinschaft] social justice and the necessity to hold out together and the belief and the confidence in our Fuehrer.\nThis task becomes much more complicated in the case of those millions of workmen and women who have been conscripted for labor far from their homes in jobs they are not used to. This is a necessity of war.\nSuch utilization of labor power can neither be restricted nor can the hardships connected with it be reduced.\nThe aim is to make life for our folks comrades [Volkskameraden] as agreeable as possible and to facilitate the conditions of their utilization. All these German people must be assisted by billeting them, if possible, in decently furnished rooms under as decent conditions, by encouraging companionship during their free time through the party and to assure prompt issue of ration tickets and other such things.\nIn this connection the Politeness-Drive [Aktion \"Hoeflichkeit\"] introduced by Reichs-Director party member Dr. Goebbels will be binding to the utmost for all labor offices and all offices of economy and nutrition.\nAll camps where German producing people, men or women, are to be quartered, muscle perfect examples of German cleanliness, order and hygiene.\nThe German plants and the German economy must not hesitate to do everything in their power to make life far from their own homes and families tolerable for conscripted folks comrades men or women quartered in those camps. As there is a complete order guaranteed in a way for the German soldier of the Armed Forces in his company for his external requirements as well as for his character, which elevates him far above the soldiers of other nations, so should this also be made possible in adequately applied form for the producing men within the labor mobilization program.\nThe necessary measures for the care of the producing German people within the labor mobilization program should therefore be carried out to the fullest extent by the German labor front.\nIn case of more extensive commitment of women and girls away from their home towns and families, the rules for shelter and care as applied by the women's labor service [Weiblichen Arbeitsdienstes] must fundamentally be respected.\nPrisoners of War and Foreign Workers.\nThe complete employment of all prisoners of war as well as the use of a gigantic number of new foreign civilian workers, men and women, has become an indisputable necessity for the solution of the mobilization of labor program in this war.\nAll the men must be fed, sheltered and treated in such a way as to exploit them to the highest possible extent at the lowest conceivable degree of expenditure.\nIt has always been natural for us Germans to refrain from cruelty and mean chicaneries towards the beaten enemy, even if he had proven himself the most bestial and most implacable adversary, and to treat him correctly and humanly, even when we expect useful work of him.\nAs long as the German defense industry did not make it absolutely necessary, we refrained under any circumstances from the use of Soviet prisoners of war as well as of civilian workers, men or women, from the Soviet territories. This has now become impossible and the labor power of these people must now be exploited to the greatest extent.\nConsequently, I arranged my first measures concerning the food, shelter and treatment of these foreign laborers with the highest competent Reichs-authorities and with the consent of the Fuehrer and the Reichsmarshal of the Greater German Reich in such a way that a top performance will be demanded and will be obtained.\nIt must be remembered, though, that even the effort of a machine is conditioned by the amount of fuel, skill and care given to it. How many more conditions must be considered in the case of men, even of low kind and race, than in the case of a machine!\nI could not accept the responsibility towards the German people, if after having brought such a tremendous number, of men to Germany these men would one day become a burden fo1 the German people or even endanger their health, instead of doing very necessary and useful work, because of mistakes made in their nutrition, shelter and treatment.\nThe principles of German cleanliness, order and hygiene must therefore also be carefully applied to Russian camps.\nOnly in such a way will it be possible to exploit that labor to the highest benefit of arms production for the fighting front and for the war nutrition program, without any trace of false sentimentalism.\nThe necessary instructions concerning the food, shelter and treatment of the people from the East have been communicated to the competent authorities of the police, defense and nutrition bureaus; beyond that, I turn to the district-chiefs of the National Socialist Party with the request to assist me also in this field to the best of their abilities, in order to avoid any harm that might result from the use of that kind of labor to the German people.\nThe subjects of blood-related, allied and friendly nations are to be treated with particular care and consideration.\nAll action making the stay and work in Germany more difficult and unnecessarily unbearable for the foreign workers and exceeding the restrictions and hardships imposed by the war must be avoided. We depend to a large extent on their good will and their production.\nIt is therefore only logical to make their stay and work in Germany as bearable as possible-without denying anything to ourselves.\nThis can be realized, for instance, by facilitating their national and folk [volkstuemlich] habits concerning food, shelter, and organization of their evenings after work, etc., as far as conditions and the consideration of our own people permit.\nIt is very possible that, if the authorities for the labor mobilization, the general and interior administration, party and labor front cooperate in close harmony in this mobilization of foreign workmen and women, the tremendous advantage resulting from this mass commitment of millions of prisoners of war and foreign, civilian working men and women for the German defense and nutrition industries may be supplemented by an equal success for the propaganda of the national socialist Great German Reich and for its prestige throughout the world.\nOn the other hand the greatest harm for our war industry may result if the cooperation of all forces involved is not assured and all those problems are not solved by all competent offices.\nTherefore in closing I would ask you to observe the following principles carefully:\nl. All technical and administrative matters for the labor mobilization come exclusively under the authority and responsibility of the General Plenipotentiary for Labor Mobilization, the National Labor Offices [Landesarbeitsaemter] and the Labor Offices [Arbeitsaemter].\n2. All questions and tasks concerning propaganda orientation, observation of political consequences and care (of people engaged in this labor-mobilization program) come under the jurisdiction of :\na. The party, if outside of the plant\nl. The German Labor Front for manufacturing plants, the Bureau for farm politics [Amt fuer Agrarpolitik] for agricultural enterprises.\n3. The issue of food and clothing ration cards, financial indemnities and relief come exclusively under the jurisdiction of the competent authorities or institutions of economy.\nAsk the district chiefs of the National Socialist Party, as my plenipotentiaries, to assure a smooth cooperation between those various bureaus as well as the best possible harmony and mutual complete exchange of information.\n4. The solution of the task concerning the war mobilization of labor is of such decisive importance that even the most important local or regional interests concerning most vital peace tasks must not interfere with it. Whoever violates that rule must be made responsible if the German soldier in his decisive struggle for the fate of our nation lacks arms and ammunition, synthetic gasoline or rubber, vehicles or airplanes.\nTherefore, I want to deeply impress upon all the men and women who participate decisively in this war in the labor mobilization program with insistence to comply with all those necessities, decisions and measures, according to the old National Socialist principle:\nNothing for us, everything for the Fuehrer and his work, that is, for the future of our Nation!\n[signed]: Fritz Sauckel\n[Stamp]\n(The Deputy for the 4 year plan\nThe General Plenipotentiary for labor mobilization)\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 5264,
    "char_count": 32614,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "017-PS : Letter from Sauckel to Rosenberg c/o Gauleiter Meyer",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/017-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No.017-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 017-PS\nCopy /T\nThe Deputy for the Four Year Plan\nThe General Deputy for the Mobilization of Labor\nVa. Nr. 5780,28/4265\nBerlin SW 11, 3 Oct 1942\nSaarlandstrasse 96 (Reich Labor Ministry)\nPhone of the Ministry 11 00 28\nPostal Check account Pay Master Berlin 10019\nUrgent Mail\nTo the Reichsminister for the Occupied Eastern Territories\nc/o Gauleiter Meyer\nBerlin W. 35\nB-StV\n5 Oct. 1942\nAr. 904 A/42\nDear Party Fellow member Meyer!\nThe Fuehrer has worked out new and most urgent plans for the armament which require the quick mobilization of two more million foreign labor forces. The Fuehrer therefore has granted my for the execution of my decree of 21 March 1942, new powers for my new duties, and has especially authorized me to take whatever measures I think are necessary in the Reich, the Protectorate, the General Gouvernement, as well as in the occupied territories, in order to assure at all costs an orderly mobilization of labor for the German armament industry. The additional required labor forces will have to be drafted for the majority from the recently occupied eastern territories especially from the Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Therefore the Reichskommissariat Ukraine must furnish 225,000 labor forces by 31 December 1942 and 225,000 more by 1 May 1943. I ask you to inform Reichskommissar Gauleiter party fellow member Koch about the new situation and requirements and especially to see to it that he will support personally in any possible way the execution of this new requirement.\nI have the intention to visit Party member Koch shortly, and I would be grateful to you if you could inform me as to where and when I could meet him for a personal discussion.\nRight now though, I ask that the procurement be taken up at once with every possible pressure and the commitment of all powers especially also of the experts of the labor offices. All the directives which had limited temporarily the procurement of Eastern laborers are annulled. The Reichs procurement for the next months must be given priority over all other measures.\nI do not ignore the difficulties which exist for the execution of this new requirement, but I am convinced that with the ruthless commitment of all resources, and with the full cooperation of all those interested, the execution of the new demands can be accomplished for the fixed date. I have already communicated the new demands to the Reichskommissar Ukraine via mail.\nIn reference to our long distance phone call of today, I will send you the text of the Fuehrer's decree at the beginning of next week.\nHeil Hitler!\nYour devoted\n[signed] FRITZ SAUCKEL\n[stamp] Certified conform to the original\nsigned ACKERMANN clerk\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 641,
    "char_count": 3759,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "018-PS : Letter from Rosenberg to Sauckel : 12/21/42",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/018-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 018-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 018-PS\nThe Reichsminister for the Occupied Eastern Territories\n21 December 1942\nNr. 02926/42\nTo Gauleiter Fritz Sauckel\nGeneral deputy for labor deployment\nBerlin W 8\nMohrenstrasse 65\nDear party member Sauckel:\nI thank you very much for your report on the execution of the great task given to you, and I am glad to hear that in carrying out your mission you have always found the necessary support, even on the part of the civilian authorities in the occupied Eastern territories. For myself and the officials under my command this collaboration was and is self-evident, especially since both you and I have, with regard to the solution of the labor problem in the East, represented the same view-points from the beginning. For political as well as efficiency reasons, you have devoted your attention, above all, to the care of the Eastern workers, employed in the Reich, and in the same sense I also have striven toward an overall satisfactory solution, by the establishment of special posts, collaborating with the welfare organizations [Betreuungsorganisationen] .\nIf there is now complete agreement between your and my conception of the matter, I nevertheless find it necessary on the grounds of several occurrences during the last months, to point out with reference to the enclosure, the methods applied by your agencies and collaborators. I thereby do not disregard the fact that considering the scope and urgency of the task to be accomplished, difficulties and hardships, yes even false measures by the executing branches, can in the long run not be avoided. But it seems necessary to me, to follow up these occurrences insofar as they touch the conduct of war and the interests of the Reich. This would always be the case, where the acquisition of new laborers is undertaken in a way which intimidates the population. The reports I have received show, that the increase of the guerilla bands in the occupied Eastern regions is largely due to the fact that the methods used for procuring laborers in these regions are felt to be forced measures of mass-deportation, so that the endangered persons prefer to escape their fate by withdrawing into the woods or going over to the guerilla bands. Add to the occasionally unfavorable news regarding the treatment of the Eastern laborers in the Reich, about experiences with the labor procurement authorities, then the result can only be a strengthening of the number and fighting spirit of the hostile troops. This development is further aided by the return of tens of thousands of useless Eastern workers from the Reich (sick, cripples, etc.).\nTo this point I should like to add that my repeated plea to establish sick-camps in the regional labor office districts, instead of the mass deportation of the Easterners who are incapable of work, has so far not been answered. Hence I found it necessary to contact the Reichskommissar [Commissioner] for health and sanitation on this matter. In the session of the propaganda department called by State Counselor, Professor Boerger on the 17th of this month, the negative repercussions which will be caused in the native provinces by the recently planned return transports were referred to not only by the representatives of my agency, but particularly by the representative of the economic staff East, since such events interfere with the demands for labor and production in the rear military zones. Measures such as conscription, return of the sick or similar things not only impair the procurement and the legal validity of the executive orders of the compulsory-labor order released by me on Dec 19.41, but moreover endanger all the important war work in the occupied Eastern territories. This goes as well for the urban as for the rural procurement districts, where so far, thanks to the self-sacrificing activity of the leaders of the economic land bases, an atmosphere permitting productive work was created between the German administration and the native population, which now threatens to become lost. Even if I do not close my eyes to the necessity that the numbers demanded by the Reichs minister for weapons and ammunition as well as by the agricultural economy justify usual and hard measures, I have to ask, due to the responsibility for the occupied Eastern territories which lies upon me, that in the accomplishment of ordered tasks such measures be excluded, the toleration and prosecution of which will some day be held | against me, and my collaborators. In order to achieve this, and to I bring into agreement the requirements given by the peculiar political situation of the Eastern territories with the measures of the commissions and the staffs of your agencies, I have empowered the Reichs commissioner for the Ukraine insofar as necessary to make use of his right, and to see to it that methods which run contrary to the interest of the conduct of the war and war economy in the occupied East be abolished.\nIt appears strange to me, that in numerous cases which should have been discussed with the civil authorities, we only receive information through the police and other agencies. I am referring in this connection to the note of my standing representative of Nov. 11.42.-III wi 5-1231-3587-in which I asked for a discussion concerning the mutual cooperation, and especially on the position of your delegates, to which I have unfortunately never received an answer from you. With consultation of our mutual wishes, which you personally will certainly understand, it is unfortunately impossible for me to accept a co-responsibility for the consequences, which result from the recounted state of affairs.\nI should not like To have informed you of this, without expressing my hope that in the interests of both of us, this condition will be terminated with the coming of the new year. I am personally convinced that you, dear Party member Sauckel, have the same desire. I assume that there will be an opportunity for discussion of this in the conference prompted by me on Jan. 11.43.\nI am gratefully looking forward to your reports in this connection.\nYours,\nsigned: A. ROSENBERG\nExtracts from the Secret Report on Morale by the Foreign\nMail Censorship Post Berlin.\n(Reg. No. 7328/42 secret Group VIII)\nSelected letters from the occupied Eastern regions regarding the period from Sept. 11 to Nov. 10, 1942.\nIn the letters from the Ukraine a further sharp decline in the\nmorale is pictured, and under the impact of an increased requisition of labor forces for the Reich, the Ukrainian population has been seized by a terrible fear.\nHorrifying picturizations of compulsory measures by the administrative authorities for the seizure of Eastern laborers, form a major part of the news from home to their relatives working in Germany. The disinclination to answer the call to work in the Reich has evidently grown steadily, not only due to the reports of Eastern workers, which fled home and their workshops or have been dismissed. In order to secure the required number for the labor transport, men and women including youngsters from 15 years on up, are allegedly taken from the street, from the market places and village festivals, and carried off. The inhabitants therefore hide themselves in fear and avoid any appearance in public. After public beatings during the month of October, so available letters state, came the burning down of homesteads, and of whole villages as retribution for failure to comply with the demand for the appropriation of labor forces directed to the communities. The execution of the latter measures is being reported from various villages.\nParts from Two Letters\n\"At our place, new things have happened. People are being taken to Germany. On Dec. 5, some people from the Kowkuski district were scheduled to go, but they didn't want to and the village was set afire. They threatened to do the same thing in Borowytschi, as not all who were scheduled to depart wanted to go. Thereupon 3 truck-loads of Germans arrived and set fire to their houses. In Wrasnytschi 12 houses and in Borowytschi 3 houses were burned.\n\"On Oct. 1 a new conscription of labor forces took place. From what has happened, I will describe the most important to you. You can not imagine the bestiality. You probably remember what we were told about the Soviets during the rule of the Poles At that time we did not believe it and now it seems just as incredible. The order came to supply 25 workers, but no one reported. All had fled. Then the German militia came and began to ignite the houses of those who had fled. The fire became very violent, since it had not rained for 2 months. In addition the grain stacks were in the farm yards. You can imagine what took place. The people who had hurried to the scene were forbidden to extinguish the flames, beaten and arrested, so that q homesteads burned down. The policemen meanwhile ignited other houses. The people fall on their knees and kiss their hands, but the policemen beat them with rubber trunchions and threaten to burn down the whole village. I don't know how this would have ended if I Sapurkany had not intervened. He promised that there would be laborers by morning. During the fire the militia went through the adjoining villages, seized the laborers, and placed them under arrest. Wherever they did not find any laborers, they detained the parents, until the children appeared. That is how they raged throughout the night in Bielosirka. The workers which had not yet appeared till then, were to be shot. All schools were closed and the married teachers were sent to work here, while the unmarried ones go to work in Germany. They are now catching humans like the dog-catchers used to catch dogs. They are already hunting for one week and have not yet enough. The imprisoned workers are locked in at the schoolhouse. They cannot even go out to perform their natural functions, but have to do it like pigs in the same room. People from many villages went on a certain day to a pilgrimage to the monastery Potschaew. They were all arrested, locked in, and will be sent to work. Among them there are lame, blind and aged people.\"\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 1896,
    "char_count": 11203,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "019-PS : Letter from Sauckel to Rosenberg 3/17/43 : Draft of Workers from the East",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/019-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 019-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 019-PS\nThe Commissioner for the Four Year Plan\nThe Deputy General for Labor Supply\nNo. IVa 5780.28/1138\nBerlin, SW 11, 17 March 1943\nSaarlandstr. 96 (Reich's Ministry for Labor)\nTel. of the RAM: 11 00 28\nPostal Checking Account of the RAM, Branch: Berlin 100.19\nCopies:\n1. Gauleiter\n2. III W 5\n3. Special Deputy for the Eastern Labor Supply Receipt stamp 03487 dated 18 March 1943\nPersonal!\nTo: The Reichsminister for the Occupied Eastern Territories.\nAtt. Mr. Reichsminister ROSENBERG, Berlin\nSubject: Draft of workers from the East\nDear Party Member Rosenberg:\nAfter a protracted illness my Deputy for Labor Supply in the occupied Eastern Territories, State Councillor Peukert, is going in there to regulate the labor supply both for Germany and the territories themselves.\nI ask you sincerely, dear party member Rosenberg, to assist him to your utmost on account of the pressing urgency of Peukert's mission. Already now I may thank you for the hitherto good reception accorded to Peukert. He himself has been charged by me with the absolute and completely unreserved cooperation with all bureaus of the Eastern Territories.\nEspecially the labor supply for the German agriculture, and likewise for the most urgent armament production programs ordered by the Fuehrer make the fastest importation of approximately 1 million women and men from the Eastern Territories within the next 4 months a must. Starting 15 March the daily shipment must have reached 5000 female and male workers respectively, while beginning of April this number has to be stepped up to 10,000. This is a requisite of the most urgent programs, and the spring tillage, and other agricultural tasks are not to super to the detriment of the nutrition and of the armed forces.\nI have foreseen the allotment of the draft quotas for the individual territories in agreement with your experts for the labor supply as follows:\nDaily quota starting 15 March 1943:\nFrom General Commissariat White Ruthenia.\n500 people\nEconomic Inspection Center.\n500 people\nReich's Commissariat Ukraine.\n3000 people\nEconomic Inspection South.\n1000 people\nTotal.\n5000 people\nStarting 1 April 1943 the daily quota is to be doubled corresponding to the doubling of the entire quota.\nI hope to visit personally the Eastern Territories towards the end of the month, and ask you once more for your kind support.\nHEIL HITLER !\nSigned: SAUCKEL\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 582,
    "char_count": 3471,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "025-PS : The Importation of Domestic Workers from the East into the Reich : Conference with the General Deputy for Labor mobilization on 3 Sept. 1942.",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/025-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 025-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 025-PS\nCopy\nI H (ZO) 1/753/42\nfor the files on hand I 3 [handwritten]\nSECRET!\nBerlin NW 7, 4 Sept. 42\nSubject: The importation of domestic workers from the East into the Reich.\nHere\n: Conference with the General Deputy for Labor mobilization on 3 Sept. 1942.\n1.\nNotice\nOn 3 September 1942 a conference, under the presidency of the General Deputy for Labor Mobilization, of the representatives of the highest Reich authorities, the Party Chancellory, as well as of the German Labor front (DAF) was held at the Thuringenhaus, Berlin W. S. for the discussion of the pending importation of domestic workers from the East from the Ukraine into the Reich. To this Gauleiter Sauckel declared the following:\nIt is the definite wish of the Fuehrer that the law over the duty year [Pflichtjahr] for women be not over extended, that all German girls must work one additional year in housekeeping. This position of the Fuehrer is motivated by the positive experiences which have been made so far with the women's Reich's labor service; this service has proved itself to be an instrument of political breeding through which the German girls are made politically more reliable than through one additional year of private housekeeping. Therefore, and this is also the opinion of the Reichsmarshall and of Reichsleiter Bormann, the housekeeping problem must be solved through a different way than the above-mentioned one.\nTherefore, the Fuehrer has ordered the immediate importation of 400,000 to 500,000 female domestic Eastern workers from the Ukraine between the ages of 15 and 35, and has charged the General Deputy for labor mobilization with the execution of this action which is to end in about 3 months. In connection with this -this is also approved by Reichsleiter Bormann, the illegal bringing of female housekeepers into the Reich by members of the Armed Forces, or various other agencies, is to be allowed subsequently, and furthermore, irrespective of the official recruiting, is not to be prevented. The determining factor for the recruiting of Ukrainian female domestic workers is this: according to the specific wish of the Fuehrer only such girls are to be recruited against whose permanent stay in Germany, tote determined by their conduct and their physical appearance, tale will be no scruples; it is in accordance with a specific desire of the Fuehrer that the greatest number of these girls be germanized through the recruitment. To this, the Fuehrer declared that we have to review our school knowledge about people migrations, to the extent that the Lebensraum of the Germanic peoples is not only to be considered from a point of view of the newly gained territories at that time, but also from the point of view of the region of origin of those peoples. The Germans have spread \"like beer\". Only the young people have left whereas the old ones remained at home. This is the reason why there are, especial!, in the Ukraine and in the northerly part of the Black Sea, such a great number of blond haired and blue eyed people who have neither Tartar nor Caucasian appearances. This can only be the case of peasants, descendants of settled Germanic tribes; to re-germanize them can only be a question of time. It is the Fuehrer's desire that in 100 years from now 250 million German speaking people will live in Europe.\nIf, therefore, the recruitment of Ukrainian domestic workers is not only under a labor mobilization consideration but also a racial one, it ensues forcibly that a special treatment of this labor mobilization measure is necessary, which does not exclude the fact that the domestic Ukrainian workers are to be considered in the first place as workers from the East and are to be provided with the sign \"OST\". They are to be employed in city households as well as in country households, preferably in families with many children and essential constructive families (Aufbau Families so that 200,000 of them will be furnished to city households an' 200,000 to country households. In order to prevent a better position of the Eastern domestic workers employed in country households as compared to the ones employed in cities, the domestic workers from the Ukraine are to receive basically the same food as the German civilian population. Because these regulations necessitate a revision of the feeding precepts of Prisoners of War and soviet civilian laborers as stated in a communication of the Reich's nutrition ministry of April 4, 1942, the Reich's minister for nutrition and agriculture has asked the General Deputy for labor mobilization to refrain from the execution of the measures at least until the food situation of the German people permits the importation of more foreign labor forces anal a better food situation for the workers from the East can be assured. Gauleiter Sauckel spoke in harshest terms against the stand of the Reich's minister for nutrition stating that he refuses to discuss an order of the Fuehrer. He added furthermore that irrespective of the importation of domestic workers, the mobilization of one more million workers from the East is being planned, this being the only way to realize in the years to come the Fuehrer's Armament and Steel production program for the execution of the great plans in the West and for the annihilation of the greatest war economy of the world, the North American one. For the feeding of this million men labor force which number furthermore is equilibrated by the fact that approximately 7 million German soldiers are in greater part supplied with food from the foreign countries, party member Backe has only to solve the organizational problem in order to take advantage of the first rate harvest throughout Europe. Never before did a minister for nutrition start his function under such favorable conditions as State Secretary Backe. The reference to the difficult transportation conditions to bring the foreign harvests into the Reich does not impress Gauleiter Sauckel in the least; he would find ways and means to utilize the harvest and the cattle from the Ukraine even if he has to draft the whole Jewry of Europe to use them as a human road for the handling of boxes to the Ukraine. \"If the food rations both for the Germans and the foreign workers are not increased shortly, then a scandal of the greatest proportion will take place\". The decreased resistance of the bodies -especially with the shortage of doctors-will give rise to great epidemics (see Diphtheria Epidemy). It is to be requested from Party member Backe that the proposed increase of bread and meat ration be not done with the start of the winter time only but at the end of the present allotment period, so that the weakened bodies can build up a reserve of strength which will get them well through the winter. The Fuehrer cannot understand the fact that it has to be in the country which carries the greatest weight in the fight for the future of Europe that most people go hungry while this is not the case with France, Holland, Hungary, and the Ukraine and everywhere else; he desires that this be the contrary in the future. As far as the foreign workers in Germany are concerned (with the exception of the workers from the East) a slow reduction of food according to renderment has to be applied to them; it cannot be tolerated that lazy Dutchmen or Italians receive better food than a diligent worker from the East. As far as the nutrition is concerned, here too the principle of renderment has to be applied. Since the new nutrition regulation is seen as being feasible by Gauleiter Sauckel in the above mentioned way of thinking, therefore, the special action of the General Deputy for labor mobilization (GBA) for the importation of domestic workers from the East must be coupled with the current recruiting commission in the Ukraine. The delegation from October to April of 200,000 to 300,000 male and female workers from the East already employed in the German agriculture to industry factories is not affected by this; these forces (incl. the female ones) will be returned in the spring to their original peasant organizations, and there just as before, they will not be employed at home but for agricultural work. A lawful ground for special domestic action, a decree is being prepared, the text of which was read at the conference by Councellor in the Ministry Dr. Letsch. The recruiting which in the case of the female domestic workers will be based especially on voluntariness will be executed in connection with the office of the  Reichsfuehrer SS and the Chief of the German police who intend to step in for the pre-examination with regard to a possible worthiness of becoming a German. Those female workers from the East found to be apt for housekeeping will be marked in a special way by the labor and social officers so that they can be recognized as such on the transport lists of the collective shipments. Independent of these, special shipments of domestic female workers are to be considered since Gauleiter Sauckel plans on having brought into the Reich 6,000 persons a day. With reference to the treatment of the female domestic workers from the East in the Reich, this question has been talked over with the Reichsfuehrer SS and the Chief of the German Police, the Reichswomen office, the Party Chancellory, the General Deputy for labor mobilization, the result being a plan for a notice for the German housewomen. The wages of the female domestic workers are to be paid according to a remuneration table for workers from the East; however, this has to be deviated through the fixation of special tariffs by the labor trustees. In reference to the Eastern worker's tax for management directors, it was decided to ask the Reich's finance minister to higher the Eastern worker's tax by half for the families of up to three children and to cut it out completely for families of 4 children and more.\nAt the end of the conference, the Councellor to the Ministry Letsch-as he had done previously with new notices-tried to get the proposed notice for the German housewomen ratified by those who took part; however, the undersigned protested against that by demanding a copy to determine his position. The representatives of the party chancellery, the nutrition ministry and other offices joined in this demand so that Gauleiter Sauckel promised to make available the draft of the text for September 4, 1942 with the request that final positions be taken by 1400 o'clock.\nGenerally one gathered from this conference that the questions concerning the recruitment and mobilization as well as the treatment of the female domestic workers from the East are being handled by the General Deputy for labor mobilization, the Reichsfuehrer SS and the Chief of the German police and the party chancellery and that the Reich's ministry for the occupied territories of the East is not considered as competent or only as half competent. In reference to this the undersigned established specifically that the Reich's ministry for the occupied territories for the East has not until now participated in the drafting of the notice. He declared furthermore that the Reich's ministry for the occupied territories of the East is greatly interested in the Propaganda for the mobilization of domestic workers, and that it be carried out in a favored way considering the necessity to have only volunteer forces at the disposition for housekeeping.\nGauleiter Sauckel took knowledge of this with satisfaction.\n(signed) Gutkelch\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 2120,
    "char_count": 12579,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "031-PS : Evacuation of youths from the territory of Army Group \"Center\" (Heu-Aktion )",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/031-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 031-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 031-PS\nChief of the Political Directing Staff, personal referee\nBerlin, 12 June 1944\nTOP SECRET\nCopy No. 1 of 2 copies\nRe: Evacuation of youths from the territory of Army Group \"Center\" (Heu-Aktion ) .\n1. Memorandum:\nThe Army Group \"Center\" has the intention to apprehend 40-50,000 youths at the ages of 10 to 14 who are in the Army Territories, and to transport them to the Reich. This measure was originally proposed by the 9th Army. These youths cause considerable inconvenience in the Theatre of Operations. To the greater part these youths are without supervision of their parents since men and women in the theatres of operations have been and will be conscripted into labor battalions to be used in the construction of fortifications. Therefore Children's Villages are to be established behind the front, for the younger age groups, and under native supervision. To collect adequate experiences the 9th Army has already established such a Children's Village and has achieved good results also from the political viewpoint. Army Group further emphasizes that these youths must not be allowed! to fall into the hands of the Bolsheviks in case of a withdrawal since that would amount to reinforcing the enemy's potential war strength. This measure is to be strongly fortified by propaganda under the slogan: Care of the Reich for White-Ruthenian Children, Protection against Brigandry. The action has already started in the. 5 kilometer zone. The Youth Bureau has already had preliminary talks with the Organization Todt and with the Junkers works. It is intended to allot these juveniles primarily to the German trades as apprentices to be used as skilled workers after 2 years' training. This is to be arranged through the Organization Todt which is especially equipped for such a task through its technical and other set-ups. This action is being I greatly welcomed by the German trade since it represents a decisive measure for the alleviation of the shortage of apprentices\nThe Chief of the Political Directing Staff, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Berger, submitted the action to the Minister on the 10th of the month. The Minister feared that the action would have most unfavorable political consequences, that it would be regarded as abduction of children, and that the juveniles did not represent a real asset to the enemy's military strength anyhow The Minister would like to see the action confined to the 15-17 year olds.\nFollowing are the arguments against this decision of the Minister:\n1. This action is not only aimed at preventing a direct reinforcement of the enemy's military strength but also at a reduction of his biological potentialities as viewed from the perspective of the future. These ideas have been voiced not only by the Reichsfuehrer of the SS but also by the Fuehrer. Corresponding orders were given during last year's withdrawals in the southern sector\n2. A similar action is being conducted at the present time in the territory of the Army Group Ukraine-North (General Field Marshal Model). Even in this politically especially preferred Galizian territory recruiting measures were being taken with the aim to collect 135,000 laborers to be organized in battalions for the construction of fortifications. The youths over 17 were to be detailed to the SS Division and those under 17 to the SS Auxiliary. This action which has been going on for several weeks has not led to any political disturbances. While it is true that the population has to be recruited by force, they do show a certain understanding later on, for this measure of purely military necessity. Provide. of course, that they receive correct treatment, good food and lodgings, etc.\nThe unified organization of parents in labor battalions makes it possible to extract this group as a whole in the case of withdrawals which are quite conceivable in the case of Army Groups \"Center\" and South. The children already transported into the Reich would serve as a suitable incentive.\n3. As to Army Group \"Center\" this measure is to be initiated in Army Territories, that is to say in those territories not under a civil administration. During a conference with the Chief of Staff of the 9th Army I gained the impression that the action will be executed, if necessary, even without the consent of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Territories of the East.\n4. If the Ministry for the East should not support or execute this action, it is expected that the procurement will be undertaken by the GBA [Generalbevollmaschtiger fuer den Arbeitseinsatz- General Deputy for the Mobilization of Labor]. Army Group \"Center\" and especially 9th Army thought it of greatest importance not to let the children be put to work in the Reich through the General Deputy for the Mobilization of Labor. They preferred the offices of the Reichs-minister for the Occupied Territories of the East [RMfdbO]. Only through these offices did they believe to have a guarantee for correct and proper treatment. This desire of the Army Group is a particular expression of confidence towards the Ministry for the East. Army Group desires that the action be accomplished under the most loyal conditions, as had been done previously in the case of recruiting for the SS Auxiliary. They further desired special arrangements regarding care, mail exchange with parents etc. As far as possible the children are to remain in groups according to their village communities, then be collected in small camps in the Reich where they would be at the disposal of trade establishments. These technical matters have already been discussed. They can be accomplished with the help of the offices of the Hitler Youth through the Youth Bureau of the Ministry. Thus the Ministry is also able to exercise political guidance over the juveniles and has them at its disposal at all times. If I should re-occupy the territory the Ministry of the East could return the juveniles in the proper manner. Together with their parents they would then most likely represent a positive political element during the reconstruction of the territory.\nThe Chief of the Political Directing Staw, personal referee, p 612\na/44g\nBerlin, 14 June 1944\nSECRET\nRe: \"Heu-Aktion\"\n1. Annotation\nThe Obergruppenfuehrer has given his consent to again submit the matter \"Heu-Aktion\" to the Minister, with the aim to bring about a reversal of his decision. This was done on this day. The Minister has approved the execution of the \"Heu-Aktion\" in:] the Army Territories, under the conditions and provisions arm rived at in talks with Army Group Center [Heeresgruppe Mitte].\nUrgent!\n2. Write via radio to:\nArmy Group \"Center\"\nAtt: Councillor in the Ministry Tesmer\n[Marginal note] Radio station 2 complied. 14 June 44\n[signed]\nRe\n: \"Heu-Aktion\"\n\"Heu-Aktion' approved under conditions and provision arrived at in conference.\nBy order of\nThe Reichsminister for the Occupied Eastern Territories\nSigned: BRANDENBERG\n3. Copies to:\n[Marginal note] complied 15 June 44 signed: Sg\nSS-Obergruppenfuehrer Berger, Chief of the Political Directing Staff, respectfully submitted for information\nb. Chief Labor Bureau, for information -\n4. Matter p5 for information Please return.\n5. File\n[Marginal notes]\nreturned from P5 without acknowledgement\nAugust 25, 44\nsigned: Bz 24 Aug\nJune 14, 44\n[Initials]\nP OK by Dr. Streube ( ?)l\nTo the Chief of the Political Directing Staff, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer Berger, respectfully submitted with the request to re-submit the contents of this memorandum to the minister with view to reconsideration of the Minister's decision.I\nSigned: BRANDENBERG\n[Note in ink] regarding the above-Obergruppenfuehrer Berger received the memorandum on June 14. Consequently the Reichsminister has approved the Action.\nSigned: Str June 16\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 1447,
    "char_count": 8834,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "047-PS : Letter of Adolf Hitler to Alfred Rosenberg, 24 August 1931",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/047-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 047-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 047-PS\nHOTEL KAISERHOF\nBerlin W 8\nBerlin 24 August 1931\nMy dear Mr. Rosenberg:\nI am just reading in the Voelkischer Beobachter, edition 235/236, page 1, an article entitled \"Does Wirth intend to come over?\". The tendency of the article is to prevent on our part a crumbling away from the present form of government. I myself am travelling all over Germany to achieve exactly the opposite. May I therefore ask that my own paper will not stab me in the back with tactically unwise articles.\nPersons, who are known to seek connection or are even prepared to break from the present constellation,\nare to be spared under all circumstances\n. Our fight is to be directed in the first line against the stubborn defenders of the present course and against persons who reject us.\nI ask therefore the Voelkischer Beobachter as-well as the Party Press Office to pay punctilious attention to this in the interest of our work.\nWith German greetings,\nsigned: ADOLF HITLER\nAn identical information went to Mr. Dr. Dietrich, Party Press Office\nsigned: WILHELM BRUECKNER, Adj.\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 374,
    "char_count": 2149,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "053-PS : Report 10 of The Deputy of the Reichs Ministry [Reichsministerium] for the occupied Eastern Provinces with the Army Group South. Captain Dr. Koch, 5 October 1941",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/053-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspriracy and Aggression Volume 3\nDocument No. 053-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 053-PS\nThe Deputy of the Reichs Ministry [Reichsministerium] for the\noccupied Eastern Provinces with the Army Group South.Captain Dr. Koch\nREPORT 10\n(Concluded on 5 October 1941)\nSECRET\n(See also the morale report which will be ready in a short time \"Legacy of the Soviets in the Ukrainian Areas\"concluded at the end of September 1941)\nA.\nThe Ukraine on the Right of the Dnieper can\n, for all purposes, be considered as inactive.\na. The German Wehrmacht was regarded by the populace now, as ever, as emancipator and liberator from physical and mental pressure; the political points of view at present are not as important as the physical.\nA temporary administration was almost put in everywhere by the troops, especially by officers of Defense II, who were reserved for this, and will be enlarged upon by the field commanders under the direction of Section VII (military) with the commander-in-chief of the rear communication zone; the proportional far-reaching net of the field and Army post command will be support and condensed through the organization of the office of the inspector of economy (especially the chief group of agriculture) which is of the same opinion. Occasional or regular conferences lead to unification of the points of view. Upon my trip through the land (so far about 6000 km), I have tried through personal contacts, to work for clearness and unification as much as possible; through Speeches, conferences, participation in informal discussions, etc., I have reached, so far, some 600 native village burgermeisters, 12 larger city governments with their burgermeisters, about 500 professors or students, 30 ministers with their church councils and 20 leaders of rayons or their assistants. I was asked by 4 commanders-in-chief several garrison leaders [Standortaelteste], and a few division commanders of various German garrisons, to lecture I was heard by almost all Ic officers of the armies and other higher command posts, also some 100 agriculture leaders, 30 communications officers and 3 propaganda companies. The present Defense II officers gladly procured such connections for me and guaranteed continued execution of probable decisions.\nb. Where friction arises between German-(Retinue) sections and the native populations, they are not of political, but economical or personal nature.\nEconomy. The populace is aware and understands that a very large part of their total harvest has to be given to the Wehrmacht (and economical command); but they resist against \"unjust\" and \"individual\" requisitions, that means against continued confiscation in the villages along the same large routes of march, without uniformly requisitioning in the country; and also against unrationalized or wild demands (the confiscation of pregnant cows requisition without proper receipts, disregarding of letters of safe conduct issued by higher German echelons, etc.).\nIndividual German economical commands made complaints, and rightly so, over delayed terms and quantities; in most cases it was found that technical hindrances were the reasons (delayed or curtailed orders, lack of transportation) and not malice or sabotage. The farmers reply to the oft heard remarks of their laziness and lack of working effort, was that they brought in the large harvest on their own free will without having many machines, manpower and the time.\nPersonal. The Bolshevists, using brutal measures (such as prison, deportation, etc.) in general nevertheless refrained from punishing individuals (by whipping). Now that it occasionally is done by German troops, well meaning people blame it on the misunderstanding or ignorance of the language; but should it be done too often, antipathy and distrust will be created.\nFurthermore the population emphasizes the difference which exists between the occasional mistakes of the Germans and the systematic oppressions by our allies. Here especially the Rumanians and Hungarians caused much gossip. The German Army Command, which operated for the safeguarding of German property in the newly acquired Rumanian special (partly drastic) countermeasures. [sic]\nc. A complete report on these so-called Partisan-movement was made on 14 September 1941.\nThe Army High Command decided, therefore, in favor of centralizing the work on the problem, and requested Captain Lazarel for this, who until now was assigned to me (Koch).\nExamples from Czernigow, Poltawa and other Army group (for example, Staraja Russa near Orscha) prove that the enemy in the future will employ partisans using explosives and mines.\nd. The inner political interest of the population is limited at present to questions of administration and meritorious service in offices or semi-military associations.\nOf all the old, strong political parties in Kiev, only a subordinate (\"Kultur\") section of the \"Sojus Wyzwolennia Ukrainy\" (organisation for the liberation of the Ukraine) could be found; other trails led to Shitomir, Uman, and Lemberg, but were lost there in some remnants of local organizations\nUp till now, the Bandera people could not fulfill their original plan, the establishment of a self-supporting government in Kiev, since the \"Command Kiew\" which was to perform this, was removed by the security service [SD] in Fastow and Wassilkow; in the first days after the occupation of the city, they pasted small propaganda placards right next to the German governmental publications, however without much result. Also handbills, in which it was tried to justify the attentat of Shitomir, remain ineffective. The burning of Kiev and the strict screening of the population following thereafter [Sichtungen] have caused, it seems, a (passing) standstill in the organizational construction of the Bandera group.\nFrom the Melnyk organization it was possible to obtain a secret directive called \"in Matters of Propaganda\"; aside from the old and well-known requests (self-rule demands of totalitarianism, national socialistic philosophy of life) the following is noticeable in regards to the Reich's relative points (Par. 18): \"The special aim is to obtain a clarification of the relations to the German factors. It is to be pointed out that Germany is at war with Moscow and therefore is our ally which one must support in battle. At the same time it is emphasized that the opportunity of the construction of a Ukrainian political system does not only depend alone on the Germans but also on our own combined organization and on our ability to produce. Our motto here is: \"Our strength lies in ourselves.\" (This settlement of a German policy differentiates itself despite their careful composure and stipulation, fundamentally from the rules laid down by Banderas, in which to my knowledge it was, up until now, referred to as \"allies\", often set in quotation marks but never used in connection with the specific references to the Reich.)\ne. A permanent security police force (military) is in every town. It draws its replacements from newly captured Ukrainians, is entirely under German command and wears the blue-yellow brassard; weapons are only issued them for guard duty or patrols. At the beginning of September a (melnyk-friendly) group of 300-500 Ukrainian fugitives out of Bukawia was used in the district Winnica-Gaisin They are mainly serious men with some knowledge of German and up till now we received no complaints about their services.\nf.\nThe fire of Kiev\n(24-29 September 1941) destroyed the very center, that is the most beautiful and most representative part of the city with its two large hotels, the central Post Office, the radio station, the telegraph office and several department stores. An area of about 2 square kilometers was affected, some 50,000 people are homeless; they were scantily housed in abandoned quarters. As reconciliation for the obvious sabotage, the Jews of the city, approximately (according to figures from the SS Commands for commitment) 3500 [sic] people, half women, were liquidated on the 29th and 30th September. The population took the execution as much as they found out about it calmly, many with satisfaction; the newly vacated homes of the Jews were turned over for the relief of the housing shortage. Even if certain relief was created in a social respect, the care of the city of half a million is still in danger and one can already foresee food shortages and eventual epidemics.\nUp to date the danger of mines has not been eliminated according to official reports of the engineer officer sat least 10,000 (ten thousand!) mines were deactivated, among them, of course, a great number in the outskirts of the city (railroad station, civilian airport, etc.) and in the tactical forward areas; in individual buildings (also in museums) there were found 3 1/2 tons of explosives in prepared, technically correct mine chambers; captured detonator apparatus leads to the belief that other arrangements of similar nature were built for wireless detonation. With consideration to possible electrical mine detonation, the power supply has not yet been switched on and therefore most staffs and commands are functioning only with candle or poor petroleum lighting. The explosion and the burning of the city caused several losses on officers, men and materials.\nThe inhabitants of the city remain quiet and disciplined as before; German regulations are enforced to the best ability and without resistance.\nI reported over the evacuation measures of the Bolshevists in Kiev in my telephone conversation of the 24-29 September; the picture has not changed noticeably as a whole.\ng. I safe-guarded as much of the local art treasures from libraries, academies, institutes and museums with my special detail (2 officers, 2 drivers) as I could. Around 20, partly large, objects could be safe-guarded in this manner and are at the disposal of the Reich.\nB. A uniform and supervised administration has not become possible in the Ukraine on the left of the Dnieper River; the streets to the few Dnieper bridges are swarming with prisoners and fugitives the active troop counter-traffic eastward still hasn't stopped. The Bolshevists were able to trash and carry away undetermined quantities of the harvest, according to the populace. On the other hand, several evacuees, formerly of Soviet authority, managed to stay back in the \"Kessel of Kiev\" and to save themselves from further deportation; the whole Kiev fire department with its equipment, which was evacuated by the Russians, came back again in a like manner on the day before the fire. In some cases it was possible to salvage several herds of cattle and machinery.\nII\nThe economical commands concerned and 1st Lt. Dr. Dittloff report through channels about the special economical situation of the occupied Ukrainian provinces.\nIII\nWith the continuation of the peace, the people are again concerned with cultural and religious questions:\na. Where it as technically possible, the lower classes of schools were opened. The initiative (and the cost) lie with the inhabitants themselves. The administrative court will be held responsible for the political attitude of the teachers, the supervision ties with the Germans. The Soviet school texts are destroyed, all communistic emblems removed from the buildings and institutes.\nRequest by Russian (and occasionally Polish) minorities to establish Russian (or Polish) especially private schools will be denied in all cases.\nJunior high schools, business schools, or even colleges, will not even be subject to discussion.\nb. A permanent press can be assumed to be existing (in a technical sense).\nThere are Ukrainian newspapers in Kamienec Podolsk, Rowne, Berditschew; Winnica, Shitomir, Uman, Kirowograd, Nowo-Ukrainka, Kriwoirog, Cherson, Nikolajew and Kiev (perhaps in a few other places); the papers are published from once to six times weekly and are mostly, fairly pure newspapers; some (naturally censored) articles deal with the anti-bolshevistics and in the field of German-Ukrainian cooperation (thankfulness for the emancipation similar parallels, etc.). The following ground rules pertain to the technique of foreign propaganda: The term Ukraine can only be used in a territorial ( not pertaining to state) sense; the Reich is not an \"ally\", but a \"protector\" of the Ukraine; the German Wehrmacht is not \"garrisoned\" (or even \"occupationally army\" as was formulated by several Bandera men) but instead \"saviors\"; the title \"Fuehrer-Emancipator\" is to be used when talking of Adolf Hitler, etc.; as far as these directives went, they were looked upon as natural and obeyed without a trace of objection.\nc.\nSix\ndifferent groups were found in the religious circles in the Ukrainian Province right of the Dnieper:\n1. The old\nOrthodox-Eastern Church\n(also named \"Tychon\" or \"Slavian\"); it is the closest successor of the pre-bolshevistic religious organization and includes the greater part of the churchgoing populace, Ukrainians and Russians alike; amongst the priests are several pro-Russians; the rest lean toward a final reestablishment of the Ukraine. The strength of the group cannot yet be given in figures. Alone in the Shitomir province for example, there are 100 priests; in the city of Kiev there remained two small churches during the time of the Russians. Bishops are not present. The 83 year old Archbishop Antonij Abaschidse, who was found in Kiev, is crippled and not capable of any conceivable service. A published appeal by the metropolite and so-called patriarch Sergius from Moscow to resist against \"Fascism and the German bandits\" (dated 22 June 1941) aroused no interest among the populace.\n2.\nThe Ukrainian \"Autokephal\" Church\n, a (from an orthodox standpoint) uncanonic group, consisting of a Ukrainian, home conscious people, without lawful bishops; it constitutes a religious minority, but suffered especially severe persecutions from the Bolshevists and is composed exclusively of radical enemies of Moscow and Bolshevism. It has congregations and churches in almost all Ukrainian cities and openly pledges ties to the national Ukrainian bishops in Wolhynien and to the general government.\nIts union with the first mentioned group for a permanent, anti-Moscow and pro-German organization is probable. The German authorities [Behoerde], remembering the decree of the Fuehrer, did not hinder the religious participation of both groups, however instructed them, in the main intersession prayer to first remember a prayer for the Fuehrer, the Reich and the German Wehrmacht; the instructions were carried out everywhere where they had been given. Larger religious services (in open places, etc.) were often requested, but have so far been rejected.\n3. The\nSynodale\n(also \"Erneuerungs Synodale\" or \"Lebende\") church. It is justified by laws of the church; however it stands at present near an agreement with the Soviet government. Their services where requested for example in Berditschow were not permitted.\n4.\nThe Roman-Catholic Church\n. Within the framework of the German military administration, only one religious service was permitted at the old cathedral in Shitomir (16 Sept 41), but was stopped because of the following \"misuse of the trust placed in the (Polish) local priests.\" The Roman-Catholic cathedral of Shitomir was closed again for Latin and Polish services and might be taken over by the Ukrainian-Orthodox congregation.\n5. The Sect of the Altglaeubigen (Russian and Ukrainian \"Raskolniki\").\n6.\nSects converted to Protestantism\n(Adventists, Baptists, Evangelical Christians, Stundists, etc.).\nBoth sect groups did not request religious services and did not openly come into appearance and can be regarded as harmless.\nSpecial director Dr. Stumpp, who was especially appointed for this, reported on the situation of the\nEvangelical Congregations in the German Settling Space\n; he is at present with Lt. Vohrer in the German settlement on the Black Sea.\nIV\nNext\nIntentions for the Future\n:\nAs soon (around the end of October) as the civilian administration occupies the whole territory right of the Dnieper and their Headquarters are established in Kiev, I will follow providing no other commands are given the high command of the Army Group South and report at that place.\nFor the time, after the conclusion of the Eastern campaign, I request permission for special proposals.\nsigned: GIRUS KOCH\nCaptain\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 2720,
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    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "054-PS : Treatment of Ukrainian Specialists",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/054-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspriracy and Aggression Volume 3\nDocument No. 054-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nDocument 054-PS\nThe Reichminister\nFor The Occupied Eastern Territories\nC.P., 7 October 1942\nThe Representative at the Army Sector B.\nL 14/10\nTo the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories, Chief\nSection I,\nBERLIN, Unter den Linden 63.\nReprint to Captain Lorenz Hg. of the High Command of the Army\nSubject: Treatment of Ukrainian Specialists.\nEnclosures:-2-\nAttached I send you the copy of a report made by the Commandant of the Collecting Center for Specialists at Charkow. (report submitted at the end of September 1942) as well as the copy of a letter from April 1942.\nRelative to the treatment of Ukrainian specialists in the Reich, I was asked by the Chief of Staff of the Commander in Chief to attend to the matter most emphatically since the complaints here never cease. I have discussed it thoroughly with the chief of section VII at the Commander in Chief's. I went to see Captain Schmid and visited the camp. As synopsis of the discussions with the gentlemen and reading of reports the following can be established in general:\na. With some few exceptions the Ukrainians employed individually in the Reich e.g. at small trade plants, as agricultural laborers, as domestic helps, etc., are very satisfied with their conditions.\nb. The Ukrainians sheltered in the community camps, however, complain very much.\nThe enclosed report of Captain Schmid reports these matters in detail.\nThe question of treatment of the Ukrainians, transported to the Reich as workers of the East worries the bureaus of the Army concerned a great deal. The Commander in Chief urged me to visit some of the camps in the Reich myself as soon as possible and to report to the proper authorities in order to bring about immediate relief. The Army zone is by no means satisfied. All the circumstances of discontent contribute more and more to more people joining the bands or wandering away to the camp of the Bandera esp. other groups hostile to us.\nThe best propaganda of all would be to treat the workers of the East well; great demands are not made by the Ukrainians anyhow. If their treatment will only be somewhat better and humanely decent these people, who make in part a good impression, will be more than satisfied; these people after all came to the Greater German Reich at least at the beginning of the employment of workers of the East in the Reich of their own free will and full of hope. The unsuitable treatment described in the reports is hardly propaganda and is not profitable for us. After all, we are not at war with the Ukrainian population and certainly not with people who by their voluntary enlistment for labor, help us to win the war.\nIt also would serve our purposes definitely better to utilize the specialist in his specialty.\n[signed] THEURER (Theurer)\n1st Lieutenant Copy of Copy\nCollecting Center for Skilled Workers at Charkow. Captain Schmid, Commandant.\nTo the Commander of the Army Sector B., Section VII CHARKOW\nSubject. Abuses in the treatment of Ukrainian skilled workers. By reason of my capacity as commandant of the Collecting Center for skilled workers and the transport of skilled workers to the Reich connected with it and thereby being in touch with the various groups of the Ukrainian population, I am informed of the morale of the Ukrainians in the extended surroundings of the Eastern Ukraine. Resulting from this knowledge I have to state that an atmosphere of animosity has taken the place of the original attitude toward the Reich. This sudden change of mood is connected partly with the scarcity of food for the civilian population caused by the war and intensified by the measures for centralization. The more important motive the extreme abuses which have taken place at various times in the treatment of skilled workers shipped to Germany.\nSince a prosperous economic cooperation with the 35 million people of the Ukraine lies within the interest of our coming generations and since the Ukrainians themselves are organically healthy, very capable of development and rich in valuable and willing constructive forces, it is necessary to prevent in time an estrangement starting at the roots and to recognize the beginnings of the disastrous development before it is too late, and to take effective countermeasures.\nI. Abuses in recruiting.\nAt the beginning of the action the recruiting worked on the basis of voluntary enlistment. Later on a certain pressure had to be put on to reach certain minimum quotas. This however did not give a license to the starosts and to their militia, entrusted with the drafting, to the brutalities mentioned in the following.\nThe starosts esp. village elders are frequently corruptible, they continue to have the skilled workers, whom they drafted, dragged from their beds at night to be locked up in cellars until they are shipped. Since the male and female workers often are not given any time to pack their luggage, etc., many skilled workers arrive at the Collecting Center for Skilled Workers with equipment entirely insufficient (without shoes, only two dresses, no eating and drinking utensils, no blankets, etc.). In particularly extreme cases new arrivals therefore have to be sent back again immediately to get the things most necessary for them. If people do not come along at once, the threatening and beating of skilled workers by the above mentioned militia is a daily occurrence and is reported from most of the communities. In some cases women were beaten until they could no longer march. One bad case in particular was reported by me to the commander of the civil police here (colonel Samek) for severe punishment (place Sozolinkow, district Dergatschi). The encroachments of the starosts and the militia are of a particularly grave nature because they usually justify themselves by claiming that all that is done in the name of the German Armed Forces. In reality the latter have conducted themselves almost throughout in a highly understanding manner toward the skilled workers and the Ukrainian population. The same, however, can not be said of some of the administrative agencies. To illustrate this be it mentioned, that a woman once arrived being dressed with barely more than a shirt.\nParticularly distressing is the fact that, on account of issued ordnances to prevent smuggling, all food acquired by the skilled workers and the rest of the population by buying or bartering household utensils, etc., is being taken away by the militia on the way. This is not rarely accompanied by beatings (without regard to objections or given circumstances).\nIt happened that skilled workers who came to Germany had sold or bartered their own belongings partly or completely in that way, thus they owned neither household furniture, etc., nor any other goods or food. By combatting smuggling in that manner, unfortunately only too often very poor people are being affected and robbed of their last property, while the real smugglers are hard to catch. Furthermore food has disappeared from the market due to a freezing of prices.\nFamily members left behind and formerly supported by those who went to Germany get social care. This, however, is only the case in the city of Charkow, not in the case of people on the country (note: used to be the case, now all get special food distribution, the hardship thus is removed). The taking away of food esp. the sale of goods mentioned above often results in considerable hardships for those left behind and has sometimes strong effects, since neither communal nor reciprocal assistance exist here.\nVery depressing for the morale of the skilled workers and the population is the effect of those persons shipped back from Germany for having become disabled or not having been fit for labor commitment from the very beginning. Several times already transports of skilled workers on their way to Germany have crossed returning transports of such disabled persons and have stood on the tracks alongside of each other for a long period of time. These returning transports are insufficiently cared for. Nothing but sick, injured and weak people, mostly 50-60 to a car, are usually escorted by 3-4 men. There is neither sufficient care or food. The returnees made frequently unfavorable but surely exaggerated statements relative to their treatment in Germany and on the way. As a result of all this and of what the people could see with their own eyes, a psychosis of fear was evoked among the specialist workers esp. the whole transport to Germany. Several transport leaders of the 62nd and the 63rd in particular-reported thereto in detail. In one case the leader of the transport of skilled workers observed with his own eyes how a person who died of hunger was unloaded from a returning transport on the side track [1st Lt. Hoffmann of the 63rd transport Station Darniza]. Another time it was reported that 3 dead had to be deposited by the side of the tracks on the way and had to be left behind unburied by the escort. It is also regrettable that these disabled persons arrive here without any identification. According to the reports of the transport commanders one gets the impression that these persons unable to work are assembled, penned into the wagons and are sent off provided only by a few men escort, and without special care for food and medical or other attendance. The Labor Office at the place of arrival as well as the transport commanders confirm this impression.\nII. Deficiencies on Transport\nDuring the transport to Germany provisions should be made for food, water and drink, answering the call of nature, medical care, orderly transportation, avoidance of maltreatment, delousing according to regulation, and supervision. To take care of all this a military escort is detailed consisting of 1 car commander for each car, 1 train guard for every 6 cars, 1 supply man for every 5 cars, and 1 control staff for every 3 cars. This is the minimum strength required according to corresponding reports of all transport commanders. With less than that orderly care and transportation of specialists is no longer secured. It has been often confirmed that insufficient and uninstructed escorts caused fatal accidents, insufficient food and care, escape of hundreds of workers, most brutal maltreatment with consequent disorder and confusion. Unfortunately the escorts were depleted on the way in various manners by Army details esp. by commanders for the supervision of furloughs or after the transports were taken over by the police. This always affected the transports unfavorably. The transports commanders are instructed to secure the interests of the transports by all possible means against encroachments of all kind. They are of vital importance for the Great German Reich.\nRecently the practice started of handing the transports over to new escorts in Przemysl. These escorts are under the command of a delegate of the German Labor Front or the Ministry of Labor. This practice is clearly against the regulations and rules of the Reich Marshal and the Deputy General for Labor Supply. Taking a good management of the transport by the delegates for granted, incoming reports here list the following deficiencies: The escorts are understaffed which causes in part lack of care and food and rough treatment, doctors and released female domestic helpers are detained in camps without authority for want of supplementary identification papers, social care iS lacking. A verbal report at hand relates in detail and with the witnesses the irresponsibility and indecent conduct of delegate Albert Nuessen who took over the 62nd transport. The transfer to the camp is made as fast as possible and not perfect. The railroad offices are of course directed to support the transport commanders. Unfortunately, however, some of the office chiefs of the railroad treat the transports of specialists often as very immaterial. The chief of transportation in Romodan e.g. stated to a transport commander that these transports are not important. Yet the Fuehrer himself ordered these transports, and the problem of work power was declared to be the most important and urgent in order to increase the potential of armament\nThe food situation of the transports is now somewhat improved after giving right notice ahead of time. Previously some of the food stations failed grossly. However, it happens again and again that in spite of giving advance notice of the transports strength in time, no warm or cold food is ready or available. Sometimes this is due to military or hospital transports which passed through before. This can be easily understood. Sometimes, however, the notice was not passed on or simply nothing at all was done. In the Reich it is generally better. Of course it happens when trains are detoured a great deal of the specialists go hungry for days. The iron ration is always taken along and also used. It mostly depends on the transport commander and the office -chief for social care how unforeseen food difficulties are overcome. The Army offices show always greatest understanding for supplying these transports, the deputies of the labor front most of the time fulfill their appointments well, however some of the deputies of the attendance service have completely failed in their duties. The transport commanders are instructed to give exact names and conditions in the future. The red cross which at times is overburdened helps with the supplying; unfortunately, however, the attitude and behavior of many female red cross workers toward the specialists is based often on uncomprehension of the Fuehrer's great action in regard to Eastern workers, and they treat especially the female workers in an outrageous manner. Food also has been refused at times with the reference that these were \"Russian swine.\" Nobody pays attention to the fact that these are Ukrainians, because there is a lack of information to that effect. In reference to this, attention is called to the fact that it has happened on several occasions that people have broken out of the cars after several days of hungering, hurried into the nearby villages, sold their goods and acquired food. In such cases of course it is not to be expected that they all come back. Such gross incidents of the transports of the first months have not to our knowledge been repeated in the summer. However, it has been reported that about 500 workers escaped along the route out of a transport which started from Kiev, accompanied by only a few policemen, supposedly 5 in all, (and without medical personnel) and which convoy was badly supplied and taken care of.\nTo understand the supply problem, it is important to know, that often only a short time is being allotted for the feeding of the many hundred people by the train commander or the railway station officer. Therefore all the workers can only be fed before the departure of the train if there is a sufficient amount of accompanying and attendance personnel and if the food is handed out quickly at several distributing points; in addition close cooperation of the workers is needed. Because the transports must often stop 1-3 Km outside of the stations it still happens frequently that a small part of the workers remains without rations because the engineers, in spite of agreements and the stationmaster let the trains take of without warning. On the basis of reported incidents, attention must be called to the fact that it is irresponsible to keep the workers locked in the cars for many hours so that they cannot even take care of the calls of nature. It is evident that the people of a transport must be given an opportunity from time to time to get drinking water, to wash, and in order to relieve themselves. Cars have been showed in which people had made holes so they they could take care of the calls of nature. When nearing bigger stations persons should, if possible relieve themselves far from these stations.\nThe following abuses were reported from the delousing stations: In the women's and girls' shower rooms, services was partly performed by men or men would mingle around or even helped with the soaping!; and vice versa, there was female personnel in the men's shower rooms; men also for some time were taking photographs in the women's shower rooms. Since mainly Ukrainian peasants were transported in the last months, as far as the female portion of these are concerned they are mostly of a high moral standard and used to strict decency, they must have considered such a treatment as a national degradation. The above mentioned abuses have been, according to our knowledge, settled by the intervention of the transport commanders. The reports of the photographing were made from Halle; the reports about the former were made from Kiewerce. Such incidents in complete disregard of the honor and respect of the Greater German Reich may still occur again here or there.\nIII. Abuses inside Germany\nUndoubtedly the higher authorities in the Reich do everything to attend, in the best manner, to the workers from the East, especially from the Ukraine, who have been called to Germany. In most of the enterprises, too, in the countries and in households, one is not only satisfied most of the time with the Ukrainian women and girls as help, but they are also treated with a happy solicitude and with understanding for their position and for our relations to the Ukraine.\nHere too, unfortunately voices are heard that tell of bad treatment in the collecting as well as other camps. All the time people tell about beatings and thrashings and constantly also they write about them. It seems that especially these men who have functions pertaining to order and security violate sometimes very much the limits of admissibility and identify the Ukrainians as Bolsheviks while they have actually for decades opposed themselves to Bolshevism as its natural enemies. The camp commanders also, usually show no understanding for the Ukrainians. The treatment in the camps is described as being bad and very brutal.\nWith regard to food, it is being felt in Germany that in a war for life and death, it is but natural to impose harsh restrictions in the first place on foreigners who have been up to the present in the enemy's camps. No doubt the Reich and the businesses make efforts to keep the workers who were brought in, in good health and working condition. If abuses take place here, it is harmful to ourselves and should be remedied in each single case.\nDisadvantageous also is the fact that a great portion of the German population considers the Ukrainian labor forces as their worst enemies and as Russian Bolshevists and treat them accordingly. A definite clarification is urgently needed here. In the face of such an attitude of the Ukraine it will be completely impossible to have for decades and centuries a successful and durable solution for the great economical and political problem of the East especially of the Southern part.\nUntil recently the postal communication problem of the specialists with their country was not fully solved and gave cause to ill rumor and depression. At present an improvement is being planned.\nHere in the Ukraine thousands of recruiting notices and placards have been put out to get cooperation from the people and urging them to report to the Reich with the assurance of best treatment Therefore, considering this and also the above mentioned abuses, it would seem to be of interest to the Reich, and necessary for the security of our future race and to prevent a later evil, to prevent by all means an alienation of the Ukraine with its precious territories and population by settling vicious abuses and by a clarification of the situation.\nCertified True Copy C. P. 5 October 1942.\n[illegible signature]\nAt the V.O. of the Reichs Ministry for the occupied territories of the East.\nDeputy with Army, Territory B. Official seal.\nCopy of Copy\nCopy of a letter of graduate engineer given to the Specialist Collecting Camp.\n(Translated from the original in the Specialist Collecting Camp.)\n27 April 1942\nCamp Dabendorf, Berlin Reich Railway direction.\nMister Franz H. Ergard and H. Nester!\nAs I have told you in my letter of 20 April 1942, we have been transported to the Grunewald Railroad car repair factories. In the first week I have worked as a manual laborer in the main warehouse of the works. I have unloaded coal, have dug the ground and have stacked lumber. This is supposed to be the \"employment of Specialists\" in their own line of work. The question constantly arises, why did I go to Germany, maybe that I who volunteered as a specialist (graduate engineer) for Germany, am to be transformed into a banned prisoner? I wonder why? What misdeeds have I committed against Germany? On the contrary. I have believed all those who spoke in Charkow about the worker's life in Germany. My attitude toward Germany has remained kind and friendly, I want to work, but I do not want to be led astray, to be treated as a civilian prisoner and without any care, or as a forgotten man who can find nowhere and receives from nobody, care and moral backing. I had hoped that we would be treated humanely and quite differently. It should be clear that I did not come to Germany to beg for charity. I had a job in Charkow and a decent working place; this I have renounced for the good of Germany and sacrificed for the improvement of the condition of my family. It was clear to me that I had to help that state that delivered me from the Bolshevist yoke, from this yoke under which I had to live for 24 years. Now I had expected a better future for myself. Our food ration consists of: at 4 o'clock in the morning 3/4 of a liter of tea, in the evening at 6 o'clock 3/4 of a liter of soup and 250 grams of bread a day. That is all. With such food we have to dig the ground and great requirements are made from us just like from manual laborers. On account of the undernourishment and the heavy work I am weak and exhausted today and I don't know if I can endure and survive this much longer. To what conditions thoughtlessness can drive a man! Into a condition which will probably not be pleasant to anybody.\nI beg you all, deliver me, help that I can go back to my family! If this is impossible, ease my condition otherwise I may commit a stupidity, escape or suicide.\nThere is no possibility to continue to live like this.\nYour, Grigori.\nP.S.: Expect with impatience to hear from you. What is the possibility of sending me a work suit which in my stupidity I have not taken along.\nCertified copy of Original 5 Oct. 42 Mamperl, employee\n(At the V.O. of the Reich Ministry of the occupied territories of the East. Deputy with Army, Territory B.)\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
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  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "057-PS : Circular Letter 125/44 Secret : Justice exercised by the people against Anglo-American murderers.",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/057-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume 3\nDocument No. 057-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 057-PS\nNATIONAL SOCIALISTIC GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nParty-Chancellory\nThe Head of the Party-Chancellory\nFuehrer headquarters, the 30 May 1944\n[Fuehrerhauptquartier]\nSECRET\n[Receipt Stamp]\nCHANCELLORY ROSENBERG\nDated 7 June 1944 Nr. 041 K\n(Marked) Shown to RL 7/6\nCircular Letter 125/44 Secret\n(not for publication)\nConcerns: Justice exercised by the people against Anglo-American murderers.\nIn the last few weeks low-flying English and American flyers have repeatedly shot children playing in squares, women and children at work in the fields, peasants plowing, vehicles on the highways, trains, etc. from a low altitude with their aircraft guns [Bordwaffen], and have thus murdered defenseless civiliansparticularly women and childrenin the vilest manner.\nSeveral instances have occurred where members of the crews of such aircraft who have bailed out or have made forced landings were lynched on the spot immediately after capture by the populace which was incensed to the highest degree.\nNo police measures or criminal proceedings were invoked against the German civilians who participated in these incidents.\nsigned M. BORMANN.\nDistributed List:\nMembers of the Executive Board of the NSDAP [Reichsleiter]\nRegional leaders [Gauleiter]\nLeaders of the incorporated and affiliated organizations of the Party [Verbandefuehrer]\nDistrict leaders [Kreisleiter]\n[STAMPED]\nFor Cognizance to\n1) Staff Leader [Stableiter]\n2) Central Office\nAuthenticated:\nFriedrichs\nTo all Province and District Leaders:\nConcerns: Circular letter 125/44 Secret .\nThe leader of the Party-Chancellory requests that the local group leaders [Ortagruppenleiter] be instructed concerning the content of this circular letter orally only.\nsigned: FRIEDRICHS\nAuthenticated:\nKarms\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 411,
    "char_count": 2643,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "058-PS : \nReorganization of the concerns of prisoners of war",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/058-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume 3\nDocument No. 058-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nTranslation of Document 058-PS\n[Letterhead of the NSDAP Party Chancellery]\nThe Director of the Party Chancellery\nFuehrer Headquarters\n30 Sept 1944\nCircular letter 288/44g\n[Rubber stamped]\nChancellery Rosenberg\nReceived 3 Oct 1944 Nr 09640\nShown to Reichsleiter 3/10\nFiled circular letter secret\nSubject: Reorganization of the concerns of prisoners of war.\n1. The Fuehrer has ordered under the date 25 Sept 1944:\nThe custody of all prisoners of war and interned persons, as well as prisoner of war camps, and institutions with guards are transferred to the commander of the reserve army from October 1, 1944.\nFor all questions which have to do with the fulfilling of the agreement of 1939, as well as affairs of the police and aid societies, and for the affairs of the German prisoners of war in the enemies hands, the high command of the military forces will give particulars of the transfer and the delineation of the twofold duties in direct consultation with the commander of the reserve army and the divisions of the military forces.\n2. The Reichsfuehrer SS has commanded:\na. In my capacity as commander of the reserve army, I transfer the affairs of prisoners of war to Gottlob Berger, SS-lieut. general and [SS-Obergruppenfuehrer und General der Waffen-SS] chief of staff of the Volksturm.\nb. The commanders of prisoners of war with the individual military commands are subject to the command of the senior SS officer effective as of 1 October 1944.\n[Rubber stamp]\nFor cognizance to\n1) Chief of Staff\n2) Central Office\nBack to chancellery\nc. The mobilization of labor of the prisoners of war will be organized with the present labor mobilization office in joint action between SS-Lieut. General Berger [SS-Obergruppenfuehrer] and SS-Lieut. General Pohl.\nThe strengthening of security in the field of prisoner of war affairs is to be accomplished between SS-Lieut. General Berger and the Chief of the Security Police, SS-Lieut. Gen. Dr. Kaltenbrunner.\n1. Particulars of the transfer will be determined in joint action between SS-Lieut. Gen. Berger and the Chief of the General Office of the Military Forces, General Reineck.\n3. The Reichsfuehrer SS has also commanded:\nAll camp and labor commands are immediately to investigate with respect to security and suppression of any attempt at uprising, and to take all the proper measures. In this connection I order that from now on, all canned goods which the prisoners receive in packages are to be cut open and must be given to the prisoners opened because of the notes and tools which are often hidden in the cans. This treatment is to be accorded to an canned goods of prisoners which have been saved unopened up to now.\n4. I am passing this new order on for information. As soon as further details of the transfer, future treatment of the affair of prisoners of war, and the exact delineation of the tasks of the Reichsfuehrer SS and of the High Command are established, I shall forward them.\nI request you work in closest collaboration with the offices to whom the responsibility of the affairs of the prisoners of war was transferred.\nsigned: M. BORMANN\nDistribution:\nReich Directorate\nGauleiter\nChiefs of the organizations affiliated with NSDAP.\n[Verbaendefuehrer]\nAuthenticated: Suergart [?]\nFile word: Prisoners of War\nORDER NUMBER 8810\nPrevious Document\nVolume 3 Contents\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 706,
    "char_count": 4174,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "061-PS : Announcement 9/44 secret",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/061-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 061-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 061-PS\nNSDAP\nParty Chancellory\n11 January 1944\nLeader of Party Chancellory\nFuehrer's Headquarters\nAnnouncement 9/44 secret\nSECRET\nRe: Supply of Bombed Districts Since the supply of textiles and household goods for the bombed populations is becoming increasingly difficult, the proposition was made repeatedly to effect purchases in the occupied territories in greater proportions. Various district leaders proposed to let these purchases be handled by suitable private merchants who know these districts and have corresponding connections. I have brought these proposals to the attention of the National Economic Minister and am quoting his reply of 16 December 1943 on account of its fundamental importance: I consider it a specially important task to make use of the economic power of the occupied territories for the Nation. You are aware of the fact that since the occupation of the Western territories the buying out of these countries has been affected in the greatest proportion. Raw materials, semi-finished products and stocks of finished goods have been rolling to Germany for months, valuable machines were sent to our armaments industry. Everything was done at that time to increase our armament potentialities. Later on the shipments of these important economic goods were replaced by the so-called distribution of orders from industry to industry. These measures are running smoothly and with good success for a long time. They were again strengthened these last few months because we were more than ever before forced by the shuttingdown of the consumer goods industry in favor of armament to use the economic powers of the Western occupied territories for these German needs.\nWith the growing volume of the distribution of orders the black-market also lost more ground and the termination of products as to kind, quality and price was taken into our hands much more effectively. In the spring of this year, therefore, the Reichsmarschal was able to decide to prohibit all black-market purchases through German agencies. Since, besides the industrial fabrication from old stocks and from uncontrollable production in the Western occupied territories, certain supplies always exist which are not covered by the industrial displacement, the proper German agencies have received the order from me to get also these free stocks of finished goods besides securing production for the displacement. In doing so, one must not form a wrong idea of the amount of these stocks. They usually are not as big as they might appear to be in the display window of some cities of the Western territories. These purchases are being made under the control of central purchase agencies and according to the regulatioins of the national agencies. Moreover, these purchases have already been in the hands of German companies proven in foreign business. Since, in addition to these firms, buyers have recently acted who used to be active in the black-market and are not sufficiently competent nor always reliable, I have formed recently for France and Belgium each a common buying office for the companies permitted for certain businesses. It is the task of these offices to purchase the finished goods without disturbing the distribution of orders specially for the supply for air attack losses. These offices represent a coordination of the especially experienced German companies in Belgium and France. Among them are, for instance, also a number of respectable Hamburg firms. The offices are getting general directions from the Reich offices as to which goods are urgently needed for the provision for bombed out people. Besides, it is up to their private economical initiative to develop fully these possibilities, on which I am also putting the greatest importance.\nAccordingly, I may assume that your proposals have already been carried out. Difficulties in the delivery of the goods to the Reich are solely due to the present specially strained transport situation. Frequently during the last few weeks it was not possible to bring in even the most important goods destined for the bombed out civilians from the Western occupied territories. Upon an improvement of the transport situation, the provision with these goods will also improve. Special actions, therefore, can also not change this situation. They would only disturb the order of the practice established after many troubles.\nSigned M. Bormann\nDistribution:\nReichsleiter\nGauleiter\nVerbaendefuehrer\nCorrect [signed] Goerz\nSubject index: Household goods-Airwar measures-Textiles-Supplies\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 900,
    "char_count": 5636,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "062-PS : Instructions to the civilian population regarding appropriate behavior in case of landings of enemy planes or parachutists in German territory [Reichsgebiet]",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/062-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 062-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 062-PS\nNATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer\n[Receipt Stamp:\nChancellery Rosenberg\nNo. 941, dated 1 April 1940]\nMunich 33, 13 March 1940\nBrown House\nTOP SECRET!\n(Initialled): R\nDIRECTIVE A 5/40 g-\nSubject: Instructions to the civilian population regarding appropriate behavior in case of landings of enemy planes or parachutists in German territory [Reichsgebiet]\nThe French civilian population was directed officially and by radio how to behave in case of landings by German planes.\nOn account of this fact the Commander in Chief of the Air Force has requested me to instruct the civilian population correspondingly by means of party channels.\nThe attached directions as to procedure are to be disseminated only orally via district leaders [Kreisleiter], local municipal leaders [Ortsgruppenleiter], cell leaders [Zellenleiter], block leaders [Blockleiter], leaders of the incorporated and affiliated organizations of the party. Transmittal by official orders, posters, press or radio is prohibited.\n1 enclosure\nAuthenticated:\n(F.d.R.)\nFRIEDRICHS\nsigned: R. HESS\nOFFICIAL STAMP: TOP SECRET\n(gives the exact routine instructions how to handle state secrets)\n1. This is a state secret in the sense of par. 88 Reich Criminal Code in the wording of the law of 24 April 1934. German laws of 1934 Vol. 1 p. 341 ff.\n2. To be passed on only personally or upon personal written request in two envelopes against receipt certificate.\n3. Transmission if possible through courier or trusted personality; in case of postal transmission as money-letter (value 1050 marks).\n4. Multiplication of any kind as well as making of excerpts is prohibited.\n5. Recipient responsible for safe keeping. Violation of this results in severest punishment.\nDISTRIBUTION\nMembers of the Executive Board of the NSDAP\nRegional Leaders\nAdjutant's Office of the Fuehrer\nLiaison Staff of the NSDAP\nReich Organization Directorate\nReich Propaganda Directorate\nReich Student Leadership\nSS Gruppenfuehrer HEYDRICH.\nINCLOSURE TO DIRECTIVE-A 5/40 g\nDirection about behavior in case of landings of enemy planes or parachutists\n1. Each enemy plane landing on German soil is to be put under effective protection immediately.\n2. The airmen are to be arrested at once, and, first of all, a restarting as well as the destruction or burning of the plane or its contents are to be prevented.\n3. It is to be kept especially in mind that each part of the plane, even the smallest, or of the equipment of the airmen is important and of the utmost significance to the competent service office. The retaining of any objects-possibly as souvenirs-is detrimental to the country's defense, and will be punished as looting according to law. This category includes also, i.e. notebooks, letters, postal cards, either in the plane or in the clothing of killed or wounded airmen. Any attempt by enemy airmen to destroy such objects is to be prevented by all means.\n4. Likewise, enemy parachutists are immediately to be arrested or liquidated [Unschadlich Gemacht].\n5. The nearest military or constabulary post is to be informed at once.\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 684,
    "char_count": 4192,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "064-PS : Gauleiter Florian's Letter on the Lecture of Major General von RABENAU",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/064-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 064-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 064-PS\n[Letterhead-NSDAP]\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer\nChief of Staff\nat present in Berlin, 27 Sept 40\nBo-An\n[Rubber stamp]\nChancellery Rosenberg\nReceived No. 2565. 1 Oct 1940\nTo\nReichsleiter A. Rosenberg\nBerlin W 35\nMargaretenstr. 17\nDear party member Rosenberg:\nI am sending you a photostatic copy of a letter from Gauleiter Florian dated 23 Sept 1940 and I request you to take action on it.\nHeil Hitler!\nYours very respectfully\nsigned: M. BORMANN\nEnclosure\n[Letterhead of the NSDAP]\nDuesseldorf\nDuesseldorf 23 Sept 1940\nGauleitung\nSubject: Lecture of Major General von RABENAU\nOur file: Fl./V.\nDepartment: The Gauleiter\nPersonal\n[Receipt stamp]\nDeputy of the Fuehrer\n27 Sept 1940\nTo the Deputy of the Fuehrer\nParty member\nRudolf HESS\nMunich\nPhotocopy\n[penciled]\nDear Party Member Hess:\nA pamphlet entitled \"The Spirit and Soul of the Soldiers\" written by Major General Dr. h. c. (doctor, honorus causa) von Rabenau has appeared in the publications section of the NSDAP. Group I: German Military Might, published by the Central Publishing Co. of the NSDAP, Successors to Franz Eher Inc. Ltd. (GmbH) Berlin.\nI cannot but point out this spiritual outpouring as a digression, at least as inadequate. It is on the same order as the many lectures which General von Rabenau gave to officers before the present war and its tendencies are directed against the concept of the German soldier which was born with the national-socialistic revolution, even if this tendency is cleverly kept to a minimum in this case. Just as in his lectures, Rabenau uses the method of arbitrary juggling with philosophic learning, which on one hand displays a widespread knowledge, and on the other consciously holds back from the clarity for which we strive with the national-socialistic world philosophy [Weltanschauung].\nAs I have reported before in conversation with you, General von Rabenau gave a lecture in Aachen some time before this war to a group of some 60 to 70 younger officers and about 15 leaders of the party who were invited, and among whom I chanced to be, about the development of the people's army. According to Rabenau, the present people's army began about 1813 during the wars of Liberation (Napoleonic) and developed in the decades which followed to its present size, thanks to the great German qualities of soldiery which reached their zenith in the army of one hundred thousand men. The national-socialistic revolution which created the popular will for soldiery, and with it the developments for the establishment of the first German people's army is not mentioned in any way, much less, in the role of being the dynamic creative force. Rabenau contented himself with presenting only a few quotations from the Fuehrer's \"Mein Kampf\". The politically ignorant officers got the impression, as Rabenau knew how to talk vividly and convincingly, that the size of the present day people's army was an accomplishment of the old military forces, and in their later thinking they will ask themselves: \"Why is there so much emphasis on the Party? Why invite the Party fuehrers? This is an affair for soldiers.\"\nWhen I asked a question after the lecture, which unfortunately did not offer a discussion period, and explained to him that he was in no wise justified by history, that he had denied the mother of the people's army, the Revolution, the Party, he overbore me in the arrogant manner which is peculiar to him with references to Indian, Chinese, French, English and German philosophies in order to prove to me in front of several listeners that his lecture presentation was correct. I replied with the philosophic ideas which I have won in the practical struggle of life, and insisted on the correctness of my concept. He professes not to be able to allow my contentions because they were not scientifically based. According to all appearances only those philosophic ideas are scientifically based, for him, which were developed before the national-socialistic revolution.\nThe inadequacy of Rabenau made itself clear at the close of this conversation, when the church came into the debate as the educational factor [Erziehungsfaktor]. After he had affirmed the necessity of the churches, Rabenau said with emphasized selfassurance something like the following, \"Dear Gauleiter, the Party is making mistake after mistake in the business with the churches. Obtain for me the necessary powers from the Fuehrer, and I guarantee that I shall succeed in a few months in establishing peace with the churches for all times.\" After this catastrophic ignorance I gave up the conversation about the importance of philosophic ideas for our ordinary life [Volksleben].\nDear Party Member Hess: The reading of General von Rabenau's pamphlet \"Spirit and Soul of the Soldier\" has reminded me again of this. In this brochure, just as at that time, Rabenau affirms the necessity of the church, straightforward and clearly, even if it is prudently careful. He writes on page 28:\nThere could be more examples, they would suffice to show that soldiers in this world can scarcely get along without thoughts about the next one.\nBecause General von Rabenau is falsely based spiritually, I consider his activities as an educator in spiritual affairs as dangerous and I am of the opinion that his educational writings are to be dispensed with absolutely, and that the publications section of the NSDAP can and must renounce these writings.\nIf such spiritual educational work should be done, in the interests of the German armed forces, then the Publications Section of the NSDAP can be permitted to accept for publication only brochures about \"Spirit and Soul of the Soldier\" which point out most strongly the permanent danger for \"Spirit and Soul of the Soldier.\" The churches with their Christianity are this danger against which the struggle must always be carried on.\nI considered it my duty to tell you again of my concept of General von Rabenau, as well as to convey my criticism of the Publications Section of the NSDAP.\nHeil Hitler\nsigned: FLORIAN\nGauleiter\nofficial seal of\nGauleiter\nGau Duesseldorf\nenclosure.\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 1193,
    "char_count": 7180,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "066-PS : Draft of a decree about the judicial status of religious organizations and congregations in the Reich district Danzig-West Prussia",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/066-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 066-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 066-PS\nNATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer\nChief of Staff\nReichsleiter\nAlfred Rosenberg\nBerlin W 35\nMargaretenstr 17\nMunich 24 June 1940\nThe Brown House\nIII/Dr Kl-Eg\nChancellory Rosenberg\nReceipt Nr 1799 M.\n1 July 40\nH\nCopy to III for comment-2 July\nEnclosed please find the draft of a decree about the judicial status of religious organizations and congregations in the Reich district Danzig-West Prussia, with a request for your comment.\nThe draft in its present form has been approved by District Leader Forster.\nHeil Hitler!\nSigned: M. BORMANN\n1 enclosure\nCopy\nDECREE\nAbout the Juridical Status of Religious Organizations and Congregations in the Reich district Danzig-West Prussia.\nThe following decree is issued under authority of par. 3 of the decree of the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor regarding the organization and administration of the Eastern territories, dated October 8, 1939-Reich Law Publication (Reichsgesetzblatt) 1 page 2042-and of par. 4 of law of April 14, 1939-Reich Law Publ. I, page 780-with the approval of the Reich Minister of the Interior and the competent Reich Ministers. This shall not be binding for a subsequent general Reich decree.\nPar. 1\nBecause of the peculiar folkloristic conditions in the Reich District Danzig-West Prussia, all religious organizations and congregations need the approval of the Reich Deputy, to assure legal competence.\nPar. 2\nThe Reich Deputy may, with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Treasury, grant subsidies to certain religious organizations and congregations within his own judgement. The subsidies are subject to cancellation at any time.\nPar. 3\nAll claims of the existing religious organizations and congregations to a state of municipal subsidy are suspended. The religious organizations and congregations have no claim to Church dues.\nReligious organization and congregations may not exercise their rights of collecting dues without approval of the Reich Deputy. This also relates to the issuance of regulations concerning dues.\nThe organization of collections as well as the acceptance of voluntary contributions by the religious organizations and congregations is subject to the approval of the Reich Deputy.\nPar. 4\nYearly, and prior to each fiscal year, the religious organizations and congregations will submit a budget plan about the intended expenditures of their receipts, to the government inspector. Further, and upon demand, they must substantiate their expenditures at the end of the fiscal year.\nThe Government inspector is entitled to inspect the property administration of the Church and to demand any explanations deemed necessary about items in the budget. He may object to certain items in the budget in which case such items are to be eliminated.\nPar. 5\nAcquisition of property, in particular of real estate by religious organizations and congregations is subject to the approval of the Reich Deputy. This regulation applies to acquisitions through deeds of living persons as well as to testamentary dispositions.\nObligations of money, work or material contributions to religious organizations or congregations, their institutions and affiliations, must be ratified by the Reich Deputy to become lawful, insofar as these obligations have been contracted prior to January 1, 1940.\nPar. 6\nWith view to the peculiar conditions existing in the Eastern territories organized under the Reich District [Reichsgau] Danzig-West Prussia, the public administration of real estate which was owned or possessed by the religious organizations and congregations prior to 1 Sept. 1939, will remain in effect in this territory until further notice. This does not apply to tracts with no buildings other than those intended for worship.\nPar. 7\nUnless otherwise indicated this decree is effective for the entire Reich District of Danzig-West Prussia.\nPar. 8\nAll regulations conflicting with this decree are void.\nThe Reich Deputy issues the necessary decrees for the execution and amplification of this law. He designates the agency which will execute the powers invested in the State by this law.\nPar. 9\nThis decree is effective as of * * *\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 840,
    "char_count": 5238,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "068-PS : Bormann to Rosenberg - Church Services",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/068-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 068-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 068-PS\nNATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nBerlin-Wilhelmstrasse 64\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer\nMunich-Brown House\n5 April 1940\nIII/Dr Kl.-Pu\n[Stamped]\nOffice Rosenberg\nRec'd Nr 1028 M April 9, 1940\nSubmitted to R April 9\nCopy AR and UrbanHPersonal!\nTo\nReichsleiter\nAlfred Rosenberg\nBerlin W 35\nMargaretenstr. 17\nSubject: \"Church Services\nEnclosed please find a copy of the letter of the High command of the Navy as well as a copy of my reply of this date, for your personal information.\nHeil Hitler!\nby [illegible]\nsigned: M BORMANN\n2 enclosures\nNATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nBerlin-Wilhelmstrasse 64\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer\nMunich-Brown House\nApril 5, 1940\nIII/Dr. Kl-Pu\nTo the High Command of the Navy\nBerlin W 35, Tirpitzufer 72/76\nSubject: \"Church Services\" Your letter of 9 Feb 1940-AMA/M Wehr IIb B. Nr 896\nIn the opinion of the party the term \"Church Service\" cannot be objected to. I consider it fitting since it properly implies meetings arranged and organized by the churches.\nThose Germans who are not members of a Christian Church may be offended by an announcement in a daily newspaper that only the members of the Christian confession are holding a \"divine service\". After the National Socialist State has created the conception \"God-believing\" [Gottglaubig] especially for those Germans who confess the belief in God and who have placed their lives in the \"Service of God\"-without being members of a Christian confession-it can no longer be justified to refer exclusively to the Services arranged by the Christian confessions as \"Divine Services\", even in the National Socialist dailies.\nHeil Hitler!\nsigned: M BORMANN (acting)\nCopy\nThe High Command of the Navy, AMA/M Wehr IIb B Nr 896\nBerlin W 35, Tirpitzufer 72/76 Feb 9, 1940\nTo the office of the Deputy of the Fuehrer.\nWith reference to the letter of the Supreme Commander of the Navy dated Oct 24, 1939 and the reply of the Deputy of the Fuehrer dated Nov 3, 1939 I inform you that in the Wilhelmshaven newspapers the expression \"Church Services\" is still being changed to \"Divine Services\".\nThe High Command requests that this regulation, apparently issued erroneously to all principal newspapers by the Chief Press Agency in Bremen, be revoked.\nHeil Hitler!\nby [illegible]\nsigned: [signature illegible]\nRear Admiral and Headquarters Commandant in the Supreme Headquarters of the Navy.\ncertified a true copy: signed: PAFF\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 586,
    "char_count": 3499,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "069-PS : Pursuant to my report the Fuehrer has made the following decisions on the Jewish question",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/069-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 069-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 069-PS\nNATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer, Staff Director\nMunich 33, Brown House, January 17, 1939\nSECRET\nRegulation No 1/39 g\nSubject: Jews\nAfter a report of General Field Marshal Goering the Fuehrer has made some basic decisions regarding the Jewish question. The decisions are brought to your attention in the enclosure. Strict compliance with these directives is requested.\nsigned: M BORMANN\n1 enclosure\ndistribution: III b\nOfficial:\n[signed: signature illegible]\nOffice Rosenberg, Rec'd Nr 5827 Jan 19, 39; filed Feb 2\nSubmitted to\nRL Jan 19\nUrban Jan 20\nSchickedanz Feb 13\nCopy\nBerlin, Dec 28, 1938\nMinister President General Field Marshal Goering, Commissioner for the Four Year Plan\nSECRET\nPursuant to my report the Fuehrer has made the following decisions on the Jewish question.\nA.\nI: Housing of Jews\n1. a. Protective regulations for tenants will not be generally revoked in the case of Jews. It is desirable, however, to proceed in individual cases in such a way that Jews will live together in one house, as much as feasible under rental conditions.\nb. For this reason the arianization of real estate will be the last step of the total arianization, that means that at present real estate is only to be arianized in individual cases where there are compelling reasons. An immediate concern is the arianization of plants and business enterprises, farm property, forests, etc.\n2. The use of sleepers and dining cars is to be prohibited for Jews. Apart from that no separate Jew-compartments must be arranged for. Neither should any bans be pronounced regarding the use of railways, streetcars, subways, buses and ships.\n3. The ban for Jews is to be pronounced only for certain public establishments etc. This includes such hotels and restaurants which are mainly visited by Party members (for instance: Hotel Kaiserhof, Berlin; Hotel Vierjahreszeiten Munich; Hotel Deutscher Hof, Nurnberg; Hotel Drei Mohren, Augsburg, etc.) The ban can further be pronounced for swimming pools, certain public squares, resort towns, etc. Mineral baths may, in individual cases and if prescribed by a doctor, be used by Jews, but only in a manner not causing offense.\nII. Pensions are not to be denied to Jews who have been civil servants and who have been pensioned. It is to be investigated, however, whether those Jews can manage on a smaller pension.\nIII. Jewish social care is not to be arianized or to be abolished, so that Jews will not become a public burden but can be cared for by Jewish institutions.\nIV. Jewish patents are property values and therefore to be arianized too. (A similar procedure was used during the World War by America and other states pertaining to German citizens.)\nB.\nMixed Marriages:\nI. 1. with children (half-Aryans 1 class)\na. If the father is German and the mother Jewish the family is permitted to remain in their present apartment. No ban for Jews regarding housing is to be pronounced against these families.\nThe property of the Jewish mother may be transferred in such cases to the German husband respectively the half-Aryan children.\nb. If the father is Jewish and the mother German these families are neither to be housed in Jewish quarters for the time being. This because the children (half-Aryan 1st class) are not to be exposed to the Jewish agitation as they will have to serve later in the labor service and the armed forces.\nThe property may for the time being the transferred partly or entirely to the children.\n2. without children\na. If the husband is German and the wife Jewish par. 1 a holds true accordingly.\nb. If the husband is Jewish and the wife German these childless couples are to be treated as pure Jews.\nProperty values of the husband cannot be transferred to the wife. Both can be lodged in Jewish houses or quarters. Especially in the case of emigration both spouses are to be treated like Jews as soon as the augmented emigration has been set into motion.\nII. If the German wife divorces the Jewish Husband she returns to the German blood-kinship. All disadvantages for her are dropped in this case.\nsigned: GOERING\nAuthenticated copy:\nsigned: JAHN\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 891,
    "char_count": 5229,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "070-PS : National Socialist School Services",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/070-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 070-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 070-PS\nNATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer Staff\nMunich 33, The Brown House April 25, 1941\nIII D-Schw, 1180/0\nChancellery Rosenberg\nReceipt No. 4746 Urg 5 May 41\nSubmitted to the RL on\nMay 6\nH\nTo the Fuehrer's Commissioner for the Supervision of the entire mental and world-philosophical training and education of the NSDAP\nBerlin W 35, Margaretenstrasse 17\nSubject: National Socialist School Services\nWe are inducing schools more and more to reduce and abolish religious morning services. Similarly, the confessional and general prayers in several parts of the Reich have already been replaced by national socialist mottos. I would be grateful to know your opinion on a future national socialist morning service instead of the present confessional morning services which are usually conducted once per week.\nShould those services be held at designated times, that is once per week or once every other week, or should they only be held at special occasions? I would further appreciate your advice on whether you have prepared concrete suggestions for the arrangement of such national socialist school services. If so I would be grateful to receive them.\nCopy to Party member Scheller 5 April 41 complied\nDr. Stellbrechtstang complied 6 April\nHeil Hitler!\nsigned: KRUEGER [?]\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 403,
    "char_count": 2395,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "071-PS : Confiscations of Art Objects",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/071-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 071-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 071-PS\n23 April 1941\n4609/R/MA\nTo Reich Director Bormann at present at Fuehrer's Headquarters\nDear party member Bormann:\nI cannot agree with your letter of the 19th inst., since some misunderstandings occurred therein.\n1. The clause concerning confiscations to be undertaken in Reich territory is doubtless a regulation which has not yet been introduced, and directly because of this I have asked you to propose such a regulation to the Fuehrer. The proposal originated in a decree of the Fuehrer relative to the work of the higher institutes of learning whereby the question of research institutes and library were given priority and the official bureaus of the Party and the state were instructed to support me in this work. Now it is clear that the philosophical opponents of the regime (this is especially true in the case of the recently confiscated religious archives) are concealing a quantity of the things which are of priceless, perhaps of irreplaceable, value for the later research of the higher institutes of learning. Because an actual necessity seems to be present, I wish to make the already cited proposal. It is understood that the confiscations are not executed by the regional authorities [Gauleitungen] but that this is conducted by the Security Service [SD] as well as by the police. Scientific work can only be done of course after the confiscation by the police, but here-and this is decisive-all must decide what is necessary for police compilations (actual correspondence with philosophical opponents and other material) and what does not fall under the competency of the police, but under the research work done by seminary, that is the Reich direction [Reichsleiter] of the Nazi Party. The taking of an office by Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich is only to be considered as much, not as a binding engagement. I therefore have decided on this proposal because it has been communicated to me in writing by a Gauleiter, that the Chief Office of the Reich Security [Reichssicherheitshauptamt] of the SS has claimed the following from the library of a monastery: The Catholic Handbook, Albertus Magnus; Edition of the Church Fathers; History of the Papacy by L. V. Pastor and other works. That means that already historical sources and works are being claimed for the Police from the monastery libraries of the districts [Gaue] which must remain reserved uniquely for the work of the Reich direction [Reichsleitung] of the Nazi Party respectively the state research places. These aspects have already been discussed thoroughly in the question of confiscated property in occupied areas. I have transmitted to you a photocopy of my convention with the Security Service [SD] which was reached with the express approval of Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich. I would like also to mention that this work has been executed in accordance with the agreement and always in a loyal fashion (with the exception of a case in Holland which I hope will be likewise solved in the same way). Photocopies and written copies should be made available to me of all material which the police has rightly confiscated for their political police purposes, but which according to its nature, must also be appropriated for a later research value. In my view there exists in itself no fundamental difficulty if both sides adopt the viewpoint of being loyal on their own and to the missions of the Partner. I request once more special efforts to prevent that valuable writings are arbitrarily extracted from the libraries in various districts by the Chief Office of Reich Security [Reichssicherheitshauptamt] or other police service offices. On this account I propose the regulation that all confiscations remain under the full powers [Oberhoheit] of the district leader and be examined by my deputies in case later research value in the respective district itself appears possible.\n2. There is a great misunderstanding with respect to what is involved in the question of the south-east and the employment of my administrative staff; art objects have always been treated as a second line problem. In the first line an order of the chief of the high command of the Armed Forces [OKW] on the instance of the Fuehrer has gone twice to the occupied territories of the west to place all scientific and archive materials of ideological opponents of the regime [Weltanschaulicher Gegner] at my disposal for research purposes. That has resulted also in close cooperation on the widest scale with the Security Service [SD] and the military commanders, and I believe that I have secured priceless research pieces for the Reich directorate [Reichsleitung] of the Nazi party and its higher institutes of learning. I wish to inform you especially that as many as 7000 crates have been brought be Germany up to the present moment. In the course of these confiscations we have found according to the nature of the case other valuable cultural objects including very valuable works of art. And in order that these things should not be dispersed and that they be secured for the Fuehrer, the Chief of the high command of the armed forces (OKW) on my request and on the instance of the Fuehrer has ordered that these art objects should be catalogued by me. I ask you that if necessary it should be established for the benefit of the Reich Marshal that my working staff has executed these tasks in a correct fashion and in an objective blameless form. Art objects generally do not come into question as far as the Balkans are concerned although there are Free-Masonry archives and Jewish libraries and other relevant research objects. In my opinion only the same attitude as that prevailing in occupied French territory can be taken and what I requested, was really only an expansion of an already existing regulation. For General Field Marshal List, and likewise for the General Quartermaster of the Army the work has already begun and my men are at work with these circles in Belgrade. By command of General Field Marshal List as well as of his deputy general, these men will also be employed in closest relationship with the Security Service in Salonika. As you know, Salonika is one of the largest Jewish centers.\nI should like to remark in this connection that this affair has already been executed on our side with the Security Service in the most loyal fashion. One of our collaborators who also belongs to the Security Service, had his duty-obligation countermanded by the Security Service, whereupon it was impressed upon him that the Security Service cooperates with my administrative staff in a most loyal fashion. The position is thus clarified in a practical fashion and the work has taken its course. What I asked was only a confirmation that the already pronounced decisions for the West should also have validity under the given circumstances for other occupied or to be occupied areas. Finally the representative of the Fuehrer has expressly ordered that the appropriate party members in this question should be placed, so as not to permit this unique opportunity for an inquiry in the Jewish and Masonic lodge question to be lost. The agreement on this matter is thus general.\nI trust that this letter has cleared up the resulting misunderstandings.\nHeil Hitler!\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 1393,
    "char_count": 8327,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "072-PS : Bormann to Rosenberg - re. Confiscations",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/072-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 072-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 072-PS\nNATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY\nThe Deputy of the Fuehrer, Staff Commander\nFuehrer Headquarters 19 April 1941\nFuehrer Bureau (Bo/Fu)\nChancellory Rosenberg\nNo 4609 H, 21 April 41\nShown to the Reichsleiter on the 22. 4\n[rubber stamp]\nTo Reichsleiter Alfred Rosenberg\nBerlin W 35, Margaretenstr. 17\nCopy to Utikal\nDear party member Rosenberg!\nIn connection with the received draft of the decree I attended, as ordered, a speech made by SS Brig. Gen. Heydrich. The latter called attention to the fact that the sentence, \"In the confiscations undertaken, or to be undertaken in the Reich area, of the property of ideological opponents, the same rules apply\", anticipates a regulation which has so far not been introduced and would for the first time set a precedent through this decree-draft. Moreover, the regional governments [Gauleitungen] are never allowed to carry out confiscations.\nGruppenfuehrer Heydrich further pointed out that he could under no circumstances recognize the attempted regulation in the final sentence of your decree-draft, since there existed some objections to it. The scientific treatment of the ideological opposition could only be done in conjunction with the political police work. Only the material should be handed over to you, and the seminar respectively. If a speedier treatment through your office is necessary, duplicates and photocopies should be put at your disposal.\nThe Fuehrer emphasized that in the Balkans the use of your experts would not be necessary, since there were no art-objects to be confiscated. In Belgrade only the collection of Prince Paul existed, which would be returned to him completely. The remaining material of the lodges, etc. would be seized by the agencies of Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich.\nThe libraries and art objects of the monasteries, confiscated in the Reich, were to remain for the time being in these monasteries, insofar as the Gauleiters had not determined otherwise. After the war, a careful examination of the stock could be undertaken. Under no circumstances, however, should a centralization of all the libraries be undertaken, the Fuehrer has repeatedly rejected this suggestion.\nsigned: M. BORMANN\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
    "word_count": 535,
    "char_count": 3276,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "078-PS : Directives for the Chiefs of Security police and Secret Service - Teams Assigned to PW Camps",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/078-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nDocument No. 078-PS\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 078-PS\nCOPY\nOFFICE IV\nBerlin 28 June 1941\nSECRET STATE MATTER!\nDirectives for the Chiefs of Security police and Secret Service\nTeams Assigned to PW Camps\nThese teams are assigned after agreement has been reached between the chiefs of the Security Police, secret service and the Supreme Command of the Army and * * * (see annex). The Commands work upon the special authorization and according to the general directives in the Camp regulations which was given to them and is independently in close harmony with the AO.\nThe duty of the Commands is the political screening of prisoners and the segregation and further handling of undesirable elements among them with regard to political, criminal or similar respects.\nResources cannot be placed at the disposal of the Commands for the fulfillment of their missions. The \"German penal code\" [Fahndungsbuch], the \"Temporary permit of Leave List\" [Aufenthaltsermittlungsliste], and \"Special Penal Code USSR\" will prove to be of little value; the Special Penal Code USSR therefore does not suffice as only a small part therein is dangerous to the designated Soviet Russians.\nThe Commands will therefore have to rely on their own specialty and ingenuity upon establishment and self-producing knowledge. Therefore they will only then be able to begin with the fulfillment of their mission when they have gathered an appropriate amount of material.\nFor their work, the Commands are to make as much use of the experiences of the Camp Commanders as possible, who in the meantime have profited by the observation and examination of prisoners.\nFurther, the Commands will have to take pains from the beginning to search among the prisoners for seemingly trustworthy elements, may they be communists or not, in order to make them useful for their intelligence purposes.\nThrough the establishment of such trusted personnel [V-Personen] and through the use of all other present possibilities among the prisoners, it must succeed to screen all elements.\nIn every case the Commands are to provide themselves with definite clarity over the encountered measures through the examination and eventual questioning of prisoners.\nAbove all it is important to find out:\n1. all outstanding functionaries of the State and of the Party, especially\n2. professional revolutionists,\n3. the functionaries of the Comintern,\n4. all leading Party functionaries of the Russian Secret Police [KPdSU] and their associated organizations in the Central, district, and county Committees,\n5. all the Peoples' Commissars and their Assistants,\n6. all the former Polit-Commissars in the Red Army,\n7. all leading personalities of the Central and Middle Offices among the State authorities,\n8. the leading economic personalities,\n9. the Soviet Russian Intelligence agents,\n10. all Jews,\n11. all persons who are established as being instigators or fanatical communists.\nJust as important is the finding of persons who are devoted to the reconstruction, the administration, and management of the conquered Russian provinces.\nFinally, such persons must be secured who can be used to transact further discoveries, whether of the Police or similar work, and for the clarification of universal interesting questions. In this category fall all the higher State and Party functionaries who are in the camp on the basis of their position and knowledge and who can give information on the measures and working methods of the Soviet State, the Communistic Party or the Cominterns.\nIn view of the pending decisions, considerations must also be given to the peoples' membership. At the end of the screening, measures, to be decided later, as to the transfer of prisoners from one command to another, will follow.\nThe Camp Commanders are directed by the Supreme Command of the Army to report such proposals.\nExecutions will not be carried out in the camps or immediate vicinity. Should the camps in the General Government be situated in the immediate vicinity of the border, then the prisoners for special handling are to be taken care of in former Soviet Russian Provinces.\nThe commands are to Keep records of the fulfillment of special handlings; which must include:\nSerial number\nFamily and Surname\nDate of birth and place\nMilitary rank\nProfession\nLast residence\nReason for special handling\nDay and place of special handling\nOffice IV\nSECRET STATE MATTER\nSupplement to the Directives for the Commands of the Security Police and Security Service assigned to P. W. camps\n1. In the directives of the 17th July 1941, I have repeatedly pointed to the fact that it is the duty of the Special Purpose Command of the Security Police and Security Service to find not only the untrustworthy but also those trustworthy elements in general which can come into consideration for the reconstruction of the Eastern provinces.\nI reemphasize that one duty is as important as the other.\nIn order to obtain a most extensive view of the co-activity of the Special Purpose Command, I order that the numeral 4 (number of those persons found to be trustworthy) will be especially heeded in the weekly reports.\nThe war prisoners who are found to be trustworthy and who were formerly in leading positions in the Soviet Russian economic circles, are to be listed, if possible, according to branch their last employment, and by name.\n2. I reemphasize again the fact that in view of the pending decisions, consideration must especially be given to the peoples' citizenship.\nUkranians, White Russians, Aserbeidschanians, Armenians, North Caucasians, Georgians, Turks are only to be designated as definitely untrustworthy and dealt with according to the directive when they are definitely proven to be Bolshevists, Polit-Commissars, or other dangerous functionaries.\nOne must be careful, in as much as the Turkish people frequently have a Jewish appearance and the circumcision alone does not denote a Jewish descent (for example, Mohammedans).\n3. The conception \"highbrow\" [Intelligenzler] should not be interpreted along European viewpoints.\nThe simplest, most primitive Soviet-Russian illiterate can, in his political fanaticism, be more dangerous than, for instance, the Soviet-Russian engineer, who due to his ability, went to High School, even though, he only outwardly appeared to be in accord with the Bolshevistic system.\nIn this respect the highbrow are mainly the professional revolutionists, writers, editors, and persons in the Comintern.\n4. Those Soviet Russians who are definitely found to be untrustworthy are to be forthwith reported-as designated in the directives of the 17th July 1941. Following the introduction of the execution authorization, further fulfillment of the designated measures are to begin without further delay.\nA further custody in the camps in question are to be avoided for various reasons.\nFinally I reemphasize that under no circumstances are the executions to be carried out either in the Camp or in the near vicinity.\nIt is self-understood that these executions are not public. It is a matter of principle not to admit spectators.\n5. I again charge the leaders and members of the Special Service Staff with the following: exemplary behavior during and after duty hours, top cooperation with camp commanders and careful checking of work.\nsigned: Heydrich\n(S)\nVerified:\nsigned: Wolfert, Member of the Chancellory\nSource:\nNazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume III\nOffice of the United States Chief Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality\nWashington, DC : United States Government Printing Office, 1946\nPrevious Document\nVolume III Menu\nNext Document\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
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    "char_count": 8402,
    "category": "nca_vol3"
  },
  {
    "name": "nca_v3",
    "title": "1061-PS : The Stroop Report : The Warsaw Ghetto is No More.",
    "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/1061-ps.asp",
    "text": "Avalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\nNazi Conspriracy and Aggression Volume 3\nDocument No. 1061-PS\nTRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 1061-PS\nTHE WARSAW GHETTO IS NO MORE\nFor the Fuehrer and their country the following fell in the battle for the destruction of Jews and bandits in the former Ghetto of Warsaw:\n[follow 15 names]\nFurthermore, the Polish Police Sergeant Julian Zielinski, born 13 November 1891, 8th Commissariat * * * fell on 19 April I 1943 while fulfilling his duty. * * * They gave their utmost, their life. We shall never forget them. The following were wounded:\n[follow the names of-\n60 Waffen SS personnel.\n11 \"Watchmen\" from Training Camps, probably Lithuanians, to judge by their names.\n12 Security Police Officers in SS Units.\n5 men of the Polish Police\n2 regular Army personnel engineers]\nUnits used in the action\nAverage number of personnel used per day\nSS Staff & Police Leader\n6/5\nWaffen SS:\nSS Panzer Grenadier Training and Reserve Battalion 3, Warsaw\n4/440\nSS Cav. Training and Res Bat. Warsaw\n5/381\nPolice:\nSS Police Regiment 22 I. Bat.\n3/94\nIII. Bat.\n3/134\nEngineering Emergency Service\n1/6\nPolish Police\n4/363\nPolish Fire Brigade\n166\nSecurity Police:\nWehrmacht\nLight AA Alarm Battery III/8 Warsaw\n2/22\nEngineers Det. of Railway Armored Trains Res. flat. Rembertow\n2/42\nRes. Eng. 14 Gora-Kalwaria\n1/34\nForeign Racial Watchmen:\n1 Bat. \"Trawniki\" men\n2/335\nTotal:\n36/2054\n[Translator's note: This obviously means; 36 officers, 2054 men]\nThe creation of special areas to be inhabited by Jews, and the restriction of the Jews with regard to residence and trading is nothing new in the history of the East. Such measures were first taken far back in the Middle Ages; they could be observed as recently as during the last few centuries. These restrictions were imposed with the intention of protecting the aryan population against the Jews.\nIdentical considerations led us as early as February, 1940 to conceive the project of creating a Jewish residential district in Warsaw. The initial intention was to establish as the Ghetto that part of the City of Warsaw which has the Vistula as its Eastern frontier. The particular situation on prevailing in Warsaw seemed at first to frustrate this plan. It was moreover opposed by several authorities particularly by the City Administration. They pointed in particular that disturbances in industry and trade would ensue if a Ghetto were founded in Warsaw, and that it would be impossible to provide the Jews with food if they were assembled in a closed area.\nAt a conference held in March 1940, it was decided to postpone the plan of creating a Ghetto for the time being, owing to the above objections. At the same time a plan was considered to declare the District of Dublin the collecting area for all Jews within the Government General, especially for the evacuated or fugitive Jews arriving from the Reich. But as early as April 1940, the Higher SS and Police Leader, East, Cracow, issued a declaration that there was no intention of assembling the Jews within the Lublin District. In the meantime, the Jews had increasingly taken to crossing the frontiers without permission and illegally. This noted especially at the limits of the Districts of Lowicz and Skierniewice. Conditions in the town of Lowicz became dangerous from the point of view of hygiene as well as from that of the Security Police, owing to these illegal migrations of Jews. The District President of Lowicz therefore, began to install Ghettos in his district in order to avoid these dangers.\nThe experiences in the district of Lowicz, after Ghettos had been installed, showed that this method is the only one suitable for dispelling the dangers which emanate repeatedly from the Jews.\nThe necessity of erecting a Ghetto in the City of Warsaw as well became more and more urgent in the summer of 1940, since more and more troops were being assembled in the district of Warsaw after termination of the French campaign. At that time the Department for Hygiene urged the speedy erection of a Ghetto in the interest of preserving the health of the German Forces and of the native population as well. The original plan of establishing the Ghetto in the suburb of Praga as intended in February 1940, would have taken at least 4 to 5 months, since almost 600,000 persons had to be moved. But since experience showed that greater outbreaks of epidemics might be expected in the winter months and since for this reason the District Medical Officer urged that the resettling action ought to be completed by 15 November 1940 at the latest, the plan of establishing a suburban ghetto in Praga was dropped; and instead, the area which hitherto had been used as a quarantine area for epidemics was selected for use as a Jewish residential area. In October 1940, the Governor ordered the Commissioner of the District, President for the City of Warsaw, to complete the resettlement necessary for establishing the Ghetto within the City of Warsaw by 15 November 1940.\nThe Ghetto thus established in Warsaw was inhabited by about 400,000 Jews. It contained 27,000 apartments with an average of 2 1/2 rooms each. It was separated from the rest of the city by partition and other walls and by walling-up of thoroughfares, windows, doors, open spaces, etc.\nIt was administered by the Jewish Board of Elders, who received their instructions from the Commissioner for the Ghetto, who was immediately subordinated to the Governor. The Jews were granted self-administration in which the German supervising authorities intervened only where German interest were touched. In order to enable the Jewish Board of Elder to execute its orders, a Jewish Police force was set up, identifier by special armbands and a special beret and armed with rubber truncheons. This Jewish Police force was charged with maintaining order and security within the Ghetto and was subordinated to the German and Polish Police.\nII\nIt soon became clear, however, that not all dangers had been removed by this confining the Jews to one place. Security considerations required removing the Jews from the city of Warsaw altogether. The first large resettlement action took place in the period from 22 July to 3 October 1942. In this action 310,322 Jews were removed. In January 1943 a second resettlement action was carried out by which altogether 6,500 Jews were affected.\nWhen the Reichsfuehrer SS visited Warsaw in January 1943 he ordered the SS and Police Leader for the District of Warsaw to transfer to Lublin the armament factories and other enterprises of military importance which were installed within the Ghetto including their personnel and machines. The execution of this transfer order proved to be very difficult, since the managers as well as the Jews resisted in every possible way. The SS and Police Leader thereupon decided to enforce the transfer of the enterprises in a large-scale action which he intended to carry out in three days. The necessary preparations had been taken by my predecessor, who also had given the order to start the large-scale action. I myself arrived in Warsaw on 17 April 1943 and took over the command of the action on 19 April 1943, 0800 hours, the action itself having started the same day at 0600 hours.\nBefore the large-scale action began, the limits of the former Ghetto had been blocked by an external barricade in order to prevent the Jews from breaking out. This barricade was maintained from the start to the end of the action and was especially reinforced at night.\nWhen we invaded the Ghetto for the first time, the Jews and the Polish bandits succeeded in repelling the participating units, including tanks and armored cars, by a well-prepared concentration of fire. When I ordered a second attack, about 0800 hours, I distributed the units, separated from each other by indicated lines, and charged them with combing out the whole of the Ghetto, each unit for a certain part. Although firing commenced again, we now succeeded in combing out the blocks according to plan. The enemy was forced to retire from the roofs and elevated bases to the basements, dug-outs, and sewers. In order to prevent their escaping into the sewers, the sewerage system was dammed up below the Ghetto and filled with water, but the Jews frustrated this plan to a great extent by blowing up the turning off valves. Late the first day we encountered rather heavy resistance, but it was quickly broken by a special raiding party. In the course of further operations we succeeded in expelling the Jews from their prepared resistance bases, sniper holes, and the like, and in occupying during the 20 and 21 April the greater part of the so-called remainder of the Ghetto to such a degree that the resistance continued within these blocks could no longer be called considerable.\nThe main Jewish battle group, mixed with Polish bandits, had already retired during the first and second day to the so-called Muranowski Square. There, it was reinforced by a considerable number of Polish bandits. Its plan was to hold the Ghetto by every means in order to prevent us from invading it. The Jewish and Polish standards were hoisted at the top of a concrete building as a challenge to us. These two standards, however, were captured on the second day of the action by a special raiding party. SS Untersturmfuehrer Dehmke fell in this skirmish with the bandits; he was holding in his hand a hand-grenade which was hit by the enemy and exploded, injuring him fatally. After only a few days I realized that the original plan had no prospect of success, unless the armament factories and other enterprises of military importance distributed throughout the Ghetto were dissolved. It was therefore necessary to approach these firms and to give them appropriate time for being evacuated and immediately transferred. Thus one of these firms after the other was dealt with, and we very soon deprived the Jews and bandits of their chance to take refuge time and again in these enterprises, which were under the supervision of the Armed Forces. In order to decide how much time was necessary to evacuate these enterprises thorough inspections were necessary. The conditions discovered there are indescribable. I cannot imagine a greater chaos than in the Ghetto of Warsaw. The Jews had control of everything, from the chemical substances used in manufacturing explosives to clothing and equipment for the Armed Forces. The managers knew so little of their own shops that the Jews were in a position to produce inside these shops arms of every kind, especially hand grenades, Molotov cocktails, and the like.\nMoreover, the Jews had succeeded in fortifying some of these factories as centers of resistance. Such a center of resistance in n Army accommodation office had to be attacked as early as the second day of the action by an Engineer's Unit equipped with flame throwers and by artillery. The Jews were so firmly established in this shop that it proved to be impossible to induce them to leave it voluntarily; I therefore resolved to destroy this shop the next day by fire.\nThe managers of these enterprises, which were generally also supervised by an officer of the Armed Forces, could in most cases make no specified statements on their stocks and the whereabouts of these stocks. The statements which they made on the number of Jews employed by them were in every case incorrect. Over and over again we discovered that these labyrinths of edifices belonging to the armament concerns as residential blocks, contained rich Jews who had succeeded in finding accommodations for themselves and their families under the name of \"armament workers\" and were leading marvelous lives there. Despite all our orders to the managers to make the Jews leave those enterprises, we found out in several cases that managers simply concealed the Jews by shutting them in, because they expected that the action would be finished within a few days and that they then would be able to continue working with the remaining Jews. According to the statements of arrested Jews, women also seem to have played a prominent part. The Jews are said to have endeavored to keep up good relations with officers and men of the armed forces. Carousing is said to have been frequent, during the course of which business deals are said to have been concluded between Jews and Germans.\nThe number of Jews forcibly taken out of the buildings and arrested was relatively small during the first few days. It transpired that the Jews had taken to hiding in the sewers and in specially erected dug-outs. Whereas we had assumed during the first days that there were only scattered dug-outs, we learned in the course of the large-scale action that the whole Ghetto was systematically equipped with cellars, dug-outs, and passages. In every case these passages and dug-outs were connected with the sewer system. Thus, the Jews were able to maintain undisturbed subterranean traffic. They also used this sewer network for escaping subterraneously into the Aryan part of the city of Warsaw. Continuously, we received reports of attempts of Jews to escape through the sewer holes. While pretending to build airraid shelters they had been erecting dug-outs within the former Ghetto ever since the autumn of 1942. These were intended to conceal every Jew during the new evacuation action, which they had expected for quite a time, and to enable them to resist the invaders in a concerted action. Through posters, handbills, and whisper propaganda, the communistic resistance movement actually brought it about that the Jews entered the dug-outs as soon as the new large-scale operation started. How far their precautions went can be seen from the fact that many of the dug-outs had been skilfully equipped with furnishings sufficient for entire families, washing and bathing facilities, toilets, arms and munition supplies, and food supplies sufficient for several months. There were differently equipped dug-outs for rich and for poor Jews. To discover the individual dug-outs was difficult for the units, as they had been efficiently camouflaged. In many cases, it was possible only through betrayal on the part of the Jews.\nWhen only a few days had passed, it became apparent that the Jews no longer had any intention to resettle voluntarily, but were determined to resist evacuation with all their force and by using all the weapons at their disposal. So-called battle groups had been formed, led by Polish-Bolshevists; they were armed and paid any price asked for available arms.\nDuring the large-scale action we succeeded in catching some Jews who had already been evacuated and resettled in Lublin or Treblinka, but had broken out from there and returned to the Ghetto, equipped with arms and ammunition. Time and again Polish bandits found refuge in the Ghetto and remained there undisturbed, since we had no forces at our disposal to comb out this maze. Whereas it had been possible during the first days to catch considerable numbers of Jews, who are cowards by nature, it became more and more difficult during the second half of the action to capture the bandits and Jews. Over and over again new battle groups consisting of 20 to 30 or more Jewish fellows, 18 to 25 years of age, accompanied by a corresponding number of women kindled new resistance. These battle groups were under orders to put up armed resistance to the last and if necessary to escape arrest by committing suicide. One such battle group succeeded in mounting a truck by ascending from a sewer in the so-called Prosta, and in escaping with it (about 30 to 35 bandits). One bandit who had arrived with this truck exploded 2 hand grenades, which was the agreed signal for the bandits waiting in the sewer to climb out of it. The bandits and Jews-there were Polish bandits among these gangs armed with carbines, small arms, and in one case a light machine gun, mounted the truck and drove away in an unknown direction. The last member of this gang, who was on guard in the sewer and was detailed to close the lid of the sewer hole, was captured. It was he who gave the above information. The search for the truck was unfortunately without result.\nDuring this armed resistance the women belonging to the battle groups were equipped the same as the men; some were members of the Chaluzim movement. Not infrequently, these women fired pistols with both hands. It happened time and again that these [women had pistols or hand grenades (Polish \"pineapple\" hand grenades) concealed in their bloomers up to the last moment to use against the men of the Waffen SS, Police, or Wehrmacht.\nThe resistance put up by the Jews and bandits could be broken only by relentlessly using all our force and energy by day and night.\nOn 23 April 1918 the Reichsfuehrer SS issued through the higher SS and Police Fuehrer East at Cracow his order to complete the combing out of the Warsaw Ghetto with the greatest' severity and relentless tenacity.\nI therefore decided to destroy the entire Jewish residential area by setting every block on fire, including the blocks of residential buildings near the armament works. One concern after the other was systematically evacuated and subsequently destroyed by fire. The Jews then emerged from their hiding places and dug-outs in almost every case. Not infrequently, the Jews stayed in the burning buildings until, because of the heat and the fear of being burned alive they preferred to jump down from the upper stories after having thrown mattresses and other upholstered articles into the street from the burning buildings. With their bones broken, they still tried to crawl across the street into blocks of buildings which had not yet been set on fire or were only partly in flames. Often Jews changed their hiding places during the night, by moving into the ruins of burnt-out buildings, taking refuge there until they were found by our patrols. Their stay in the sewers also ceased to be pleasant after the first week. Frequently from the street, we could hear loud voices coming through the sewer shafts. Then the men of the Waffen SS, the Police or the Wehrmacht Engineers courageously climbed down the shafts to bring out the Jews and not infrequently they then stumbled over Jews already dead, or were shot at. It was always necessary to use smoke candles to drive out the Jews. Thus one day we opened 183 sewer entrance holes and at a fixed time lowered smoke candles into them, with the result that the bandits fled from what they believed to be gas to the center of the former Ghetto, where they could then be pulled out of the sewer holes there. A great number of Jews, who could not be counted, were exterminated by blowing up sewers and dug-outs\nThe longer the resistance lasted, the tougher the men of the Waffen SS, Police, and Wehrmacht became; they fulfilled their duty indefatigably in faithful comradeship and stood together as models and examples of soldiers. Their duty hours often lasted from early morning until late at night. At night, search patrols with rags wound round their feet remained at the heels of the Jews and gave them no respite. Not infrequently they caught and killed Jews who used the night hours for supplementing their stores from abandoned dug-outs and for contacting neighboring groups or exchanging news with them.\nConsidering that the greater part of the men of the Waffen-SS had only been trained for three to four weeks before being assigned to this action, high credit should be given for the pluck, courage, and devotion to duty which they showed. It must be stated that the Wehrmacht Engineers, too, executed the blowing up of dug-outs, sewers, and concrete buildings with indefatigability and great devotion to duty. Officers and men of the Police, a large part of whom had already been at the front, again excelled by their dashing spirit.\nOnly through the continuous and untiring work of all involved did we succeed in catching a total of 56,065 Jews whose extermination can be proved. To this should be added the number of Jews who lost their lives in explosions or fires but whose numbers could not be ascertained.\nDuring the large-scale operation the Aryan population was informed by posters that it was strictly forbidden to enter the former Jewish Ghetto and that anybody caught within the former Ghetto without valid pass would be shot. At the same time these posters informed the Aryan population again that the death penalty would be imposed on anybody who intentionally gave refuge to a Jew, especially lodged, supported, or concealed a Jew outside the Jewish residential area.\nPermission was granted to the Polish police to pay to any Polish policeman who arrested a Jew within the Aryan part of Warsaw one third of the cash in the Jew's possession. This measure has already produced results.\nThe Polish population for the most part approved the measures taken against the Jews. Shortly before the end of the largescale operation, the Governor issued a special proclamation which he submitted to the undersigned for approval before publication, to the Polish population; in it he informed them of the reasons for destroying the former Jewish Ghetto by mentioning the assassinations carried out lately in the Warsaw area and the mass graves found in Catyn; at the same time they were asked to assist us in our fight against Communist agents and Jews (see enclosed poster).\nThe large-scale action was terminated on 16 May 1943 with the blowing up of the Warsaw synagogue at 2015 hours.\nNow, there are no more factories in the former Ghetto. All the goods, raw materials, and machines there have been moved and stored somewhere else. All buildings etc., have been destroyed. The only exception is the so-called Dzielna Prison of the Security Police, which was exempted from destruction.\nIII\nAlthough the large-scale operation has been completed, we have to reckon with the possibility that a few Jews are still living in the ruins of the former Ghetto; therefore, this area must be firmly shut off from the Aryan residential area and be guarded. Police Battalion III/23 has been charged with this duty. This Police Battalion has instructions to watch the former Ghetto, particularly to prevent anybody from entering the former Ghetto, and to shoot immediately anybody found inside the Ghetto without authority. The Commander of the Police Battalion will continue to receive further direct orders from the SS and Police Fuehrer. In this way, it should be possible to keep the small remainder of Jews there, if any, under constant pressure and to exterminate them eventually. The remaining Jews and bandits must be deprived of any chance of survival by destroying all remaining buildings and refuges and cutting off the water supply.\nIt is proposed to change the Dzielna Prison into a concentration camp and to use the inmates to remove, collect and hand over for reuse the millions of bricks, the scrap-iron, and other materials.\nIV\nOf the total of 56,065 Jews caught, about 7,000 were exterminated within the former Ghetto in the course of the large-scale action, and 6,929 by transporting them to T.II, which means 14,000 Jews were exterminated altogether. Beyond the number of 56,065 Jews an estimated number of 5,000 to 6,000 were killed by explosions or in fires.\nThe number of destroyed dug-outs amounts to 631.\nBooty:\nPolish rifles, 1 Russian rifle, 1 German rifle 59 pistols of. various calibers\nSeveral hundred hand grenades, including Polish and home-made ones .\nSeveral hundred incendiary bottles\nHome-made explosives\nInfernal machines with fuses\nA large amount of explosives, ammunition for weapons of all calibers, including some machine-gun ammunition.\nRegarding the booty of arms, it must be taken into consideration that the arms themselves could in most cases not be captured, as the bandits and Jews would, before being arrested, throw them into hiding places or holes which could not be ascertained or discovered. The smoking out of the dug-out by our men, also often made the search for arms impossible. As the dug-outs had to be blown up at once, a search later on was out of the question.\nThe captured hand grenades, ammunition, and incendiary bottles were at once reused by us against the bandits.\nFurther booty:\n1,240 used military tunics (part of them with medal ribbons-Iron Cross and East Medal)\n600 pairs of used trousers\nOther equipment and German steel helmets\n108 horses, 4 of them still in the former Ghetto (hearse) Up to 23 May 1943 we had counted:\n4.4 million Zloty; furthermore about 5 to 6 million Zloty not yet counted, a great amount of foreign currency, e.g. $14,300 in paper and $9,200 in gold, moreover valuables (rings, chains, watches, etc.) in great quantities.\nState of the Ghetto at the termination of the large-scale operation:\nApart from 8 buildings (Police Barracks, hospital, and accommodations for housing working-parties) the former Ghetto is completely destroyed. Only the dividing walls are left standing where no explosions were carried out. But the ruins still contain a vast amount of stones and scrap material which could be used.\nWarsaw, 16 May, 1943.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the\nDistrict of Warsaw.\nSS Brigadefuehrer and Majorgeneral of Police.\nCopy\nWarsaw, 20 April 1943.\nJournal No. 516/43 secret.\n(Daily reports)\nSS Service Teletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nRef. No.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07\nRe: Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, Cracow\nProgress of Ghetto Operation on 19 April 1943:\nClosing of Ghetto commenced 0300 hours. At 0600 order to Waffen-SS (strength: 16/850) to comb out the remainder of the Ghetto. Hardly had the units fallen in, strong concerted fire-concentration by the Jews and bandits. The tank used in this action and the two heavy armored cars pelted with Molotov cocktails (incendiary bottles). Tank twice set on fire. Owing to this enemy counterattack, we had at first to take the units back. Losses in first attack: 12 men (6 SS-men, 6 Trawniki-men). About 800 hours. second attack by the units, under the command of the undersigned Although the counterattack was reported, this time we succeeded in combing out the blocks of buildings according to plan. We caused the enemy to retire from the roofs and elevated prepared positions into the cellars or dug-outs and sewers. During this combing-out we caught only about 200 Jews. Immediately afterwards raiding parties were directed to dug-outs known to us with the order to pull out the Jews and to destroy the dug-outs. About 380 Jews captured. We found out that the Jews had taken to the sewers. Sewers were completely inundated, to make staying there impossible. About 1730 hours we encountered very strong resistance from one block of buildings including machine gun fire. A special raiding party invaded that block and defeated the enemy, but could not catch the resisters. The Jews and criminals resisted from base to base, and escaped at the last moment across lofts or through subterranean passages. About 2030 hours. the external barricade was reinforced. All units were withdrawn from the Ghetto and dismissed to their barracks. Reinforcement of the barricade by 250 Waffen-SS men. Continuation of operation on 20 April 1943.\nUnits at my disposal:\nSS-Panzer-Gren. Res. Batl.\n6/400\nSS-Cav. Res. Batl.\n10/450\nPolice\n6/165\nSecurity Service\n2/48\nTrawniki-men\n1/150\nWehrmacht:\n1 10-cm-Howitzer\n1/7\nFlame thrower\n1\nEngineers\n2/16\nMedical detachments\n1/1\n3 2.28-cm A.A. Guns\n2/24\n1 French tank of the Waffen-SS\n2 heavy armored cars of the Waffen-SS\nTotal:\n31/1262\nI put Major of Police Sternagel in command of today's operations subject to my further instructions if necessary.\nAt 0700 hours. 9 raiding parties were formed, each 1/36 strong, consisting of mixed units, to comb out and to search the remainder of the Ghetto intensively. This search is still in progress; its first objective will be completed by 1100 hours. In the meantime it has been ascertained that part of the Ghetto which is no longer inhabited but not yet released and which contains several armament factories and the like, there are several centers of resistance, which were so strong that the tank could not go through. 2 raiding parties defeated these centers of resistance and made a passage for the tank men. In this operation we already had two wounded (Waffen-SS).\nEnemy is much more cautious than yesterday, since he has of course learned of the heavy arms at our disposal.\nMy intention is first to comb out completely the remainder of the Ghetto and then to clean out in the same manner the socalled uninhabited Ghetto, which so far has not been released. It had been ascertained in the meantime that the latter part of the Ghetto contains at least 10 to 12 dugouts, some of which are even in armament factories. The whole operation is made more difficult because there are still factories in the Ghetto which must be protected against bombardment and fire, because they contain machines and tools.\nA further report will follow tonight.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\n/s/ stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Majorgeneral of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nProm the SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 20 April 1943.\nRef. No. I ab St/Gr 16 07-Journal No. 517/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto Operation.\nTo the Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nSupplementing my teletype message of 20 April 1943-Ref. St/Gr\n16 07, re Ghetto Operation-I beg to report as follows:\nThe resistance centers ascertained with the uninhabited but not yet released part of the Ghetto were crushed by a battle group of the Wehrmacht-Engineers and flame throwers. The Wehrmacht had one wounded in this operation, shot through the lungs. Nine raiding parties broke through as far as the northern limit of the Ghetto. 9 dug-outs were found, their inmates crushed when they resisted, and the dug-outs blown up. What losses the enemy suffered cannot be ascertained accurately. Altogether the 9 raiding parties caught 505 Jews today; those among them who are able-bodied were kept ready for transport to Poniatowo. At about 1500 hrs. I managed to arrange that the block of buildings occupied by the Army Accommodation Office said to be occupied by 4,000 Jews is to be evacuated at once. The German manager was asked to call upon the Jewish workers to leave the block voluntarily. Only 28 Jews obeyed this order. Thereupon I resolved either to evacuate the block by force or to blow it up. The A.A. Artillery-3 2-cm. guns used for this operation had two men killed. The 10-cm howitzer, which also was used, expelled the gangs from their strong fortifications and also inflicted losses on them, as far as we were able to ascertain. This action had to be broken off owing to the fall of darkness. On 21 April 1943 we shall attack this resistance center again, as far as possible it will remain blocked off during the night.\nIn today's action we caught, apart from the Jews reported above, considerable stores of incendiary bottles, hand grenades, ammunition, military tunics, and equipment.\nLosses:\n2 dead (Wehrmacht)\n7 wounded (6 Waffen SS, 1 Trawniki-man)\nIn one case the bandits had laid pressure mines. I have succeeded in causing the firms W.C. Toebens, Schultz and Co., and Hoffman to be ready for evacuation with their entire personnel on 21 April 1943 at 0600 hrs. In this way, I hope to get the way free at last for cleaning out the Ghetto. The Trustees Toebens has pledged himself to induce the Jews, numbering about 4,000 to 5,000, to follow him voluntarily to the assembling point for being resettled. In case this has as little success as was attained in the case of the Army Accommodation Office, I am going to clean out this part of the Ghetto as well by force. I beg to acknowledge receipt of the order which the Obergruppenfuehrer communicated to me by telephone today, and of the powers granted to me.\nNext report on 21 April 1943 at noon.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the\nDistrict of Warsaw\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Majorgeneral of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 21 April 1943.\nRef. Nr. I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal Nr. 527/43.\nRe: Ghetto Operation.\nTo the Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East,\nSS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police, Krueger-or\ndeputy.\nCracow\nProgress of Ghetto Operation on 21 April 1943.\nSupplementing the report which I made today about 1400 hours. by telephone, I beg to report:\nForces at my disposal as of 20 April 1943.\nStart of operation: 0700 hours. The whole of the Ghetto has continued to be cordoned off since the start of the operations on 19 April 1943.\nInasmuch as the special operation concerning the block of buildings occupied by the Army Accommodation Office had to be interrupted yesterday because of darkness, one battle group reinforced by Engineers and heavy artillery was again sent into the block of buildings, which was found to contain an enormous quantity of dug-outs and subterranean passages firing from time to time. I resolved therefore to blow up these passages which we had discovered and subsequently to set the entire block on fire. Not until the building was well aflame did screaming Jews make their appearance, and they were evacuated at once. We had no losses in this operation. Precautionary measures were taken in order to ensure that the conflagration remained localized.\nThe main body of our forces was detailed to cleanse the so. called uninhabited, but not yet released, part of the Ghetto by proceeding from South to North. Before we started this action, we caught 5,200 Jews who had been employed in enterprises under the supervision of the Commissioner for Armament [Ru KoBetrieben] and transported them under armed guard to the Railway Station which had been chosen for use in the resettlement. I formed 3 search-parties to which were attached special raiding parties who had the duty to attack or blow up the dug-outs which\nI severe known to us. This operation had to be interrupted when darkness set in, after one half of the area mentioned had been combed out.\nContinued on 22 April 1943, 0700 hours.\nApart from the Jews who were to be evacuated, 150 Jews or bandits were killed in battle and about 80 bandits were killed when their dug-outs were blown up. The enemy today used the same arms as on the previous day, particularly home-made explosives. Samples have been kept by the SS and Police Fuehrer. For the first time we observed the participation of members of the Jewish Women's Battle Association (Chaluzim Movement). We captured rifles, pistols, hand grenades, explosives, horses, and parts of SS uniforms.\nOwn losses: 2 policemen, 2 SS-men, 1 Trawniki-man.\n(light wounds)\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer\nin the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Majorgeneral of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom the SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 22 April 1943.\nRef. No. I ab St/Gr 16 07-Journal Nr. 530/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto Operation. (supplement to par. 1 of letter of 21 April 1943).\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer of Police Krueger-or deputy\nCracow\nOur setting the block on fire achieved the result in the course of the night that those Jews whom we had not been able to find despite all our search operations left their hideouts under the roofs, in the cellars, and elsewhere, and appeared at the outside of the buildings, trying to escape the flames. Masses of them- entire families-were already aflame and jumped from the windows or endeavored to let themselves down by means of sheets tied together or the like. Steps had been taken so that these Jews as well as the remaining ones were liquidated at once. During the whole night there were shots from buildings which were supposed to be evacuated. We had no losses in our cordoning forces. 5,300 Jews were caught for the evacuation and removed.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 22 April 1943.\nRef. Nr. I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal Nr. 531/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of the Ghetto Operation on 22 April 1943 up to 1200 hours. One raiding party was dispatched to invade once more the block of buildings which for the greater part had burned out or was still aflame, in order to catch those Jews who were still inside.\nWhen shooting again started from one block against the men of the Waffen-SS, this block also was set on fire, with the result that a considerable number of bandits were scared from their hideouts and shot while trying to escape. Apart for those, we caught about 180 Jews in the yards of the buildings. The main body of our units continued the cleansing action from the line where we terminated this action yesterday. This operation is still in progress. As on the preceding days local resistance was broken and the dug-outs we discovered were blown up. Unfortunately there is no way of preventing part of the Jews and bandits from taking refuge in the sewers below the Ghetto, where we can hardly catch them since they have stopped the flooding. The city administration is not in a position to frustrate this nuisance. Neither did the use of smoke candles or the introduction of creosote into the water have the desired result. Cooperation with the Wehrmacht splendid.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Majorgeneral of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom the SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 22 April 1943.\nRef. Nr.: ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal Nr. 532/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto Operation.\nThe Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of operation of 22 April 1943. Report on action up to 1200 hours. has already been submitted by my message of today. Continuing, I beg to report:\nWhen the special raiding party searched the remainder of the blocks as already reported, they met with resistance at some places; they had the following success: 1,100 Jews caught for evacuation, 203 bandits and Jews killed, 15 dug-outs blown up. They captured 80 incendiary bottles and other booty. Units at my disposal: as reported by teletype message on 20 April 1943. Journal No. 516/43 secret.\nOur losses\n: SS-Untersturmfuehrer Dehmke (dead); enemy hit a hand grenade which he carried. (SS-Cav.Res. Batl.)\n1 Sergeant of Police (shot through the lungs)\nWhen the Engineers blew up the dug-outs, a considerable number of Jews and bandits were buried under the ruins. In a number of cases it was found necessary to start fires in order to smoke the gangs out.\nI must add that since yesterday some of the units have been shot at time and again from outside the Ghetto, that is, from the Aryan part of Warsaw. Raiding parties at once entered the area in question and in one case succeeded in capturing 35 Polish bandits, Communists, who were liquidated at once. Today it happened repeatedly when we found it necessary to execute some bandits, that they collapsed shouting \"Long live Poland,\" \"Long live Moscow.\" -\nThe operation will be continued on 23 April 1943, 0700 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Maj. Gen. of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom the SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 23 April 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 538/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of Ghetto Operation on 23 April 1943. Start: 0700 hours.\nThe whole of the former Ghetto had been divided for the purposes of today's combing-out operations into 24 districts. One reinforced searching party was detailed to each district with special orders. These assignments had to be carried out by 1600 hours.\nResult of this action: 600 Jews and bandits ferreted out and captured, about 200 Jews and bandits killed, 48 dug-outs, some of them of a quite elaborate character, blown up. We captured apart from valuables and money-some gas masks.\nThe units had been informed that we intended to terminate the operation today. In the morning the Jews had already become aware of this-instruction. This is why a renewed search by the searching parties was undertaken after an interval of 1 to 1 1/2 hours. The result was, as always, that again Jews and bandits were discovered to be in various blocks. From one block shots were even fired against the cordoning units. An attack by a special battle group was ordered and in order to smoke the bandits out, every building was now set on fire. The Jews and bandits held out, every building was now set on fire. The Jews and bandits held their fire up to the last moment and then concerted their fire against the units. They even used carbines. A number of bandits who were shooting from balconies were hit by our men and crashed down.\nFurthermore, today we discovered a place said to have been the headquarters of the \"P PR\"; we found it unoccupied and destroyed it. It was on this 5th day of operations that obviously we\nI found the worst of the terrorists and activists, who so far had always found ways and means to dodge every searching or evacuation action.\nA racial German reported that again some Jews had escaped through the sewers into the Aryan part of the city. We learned from a traitor that there were some Jews in a certain house. A special motorized raiding party invaded the building and caught 3 Jews, 2 of them females. During this operation their motor-car was pelted with one incendiary bottle and one explosive; 2 policemen were wounded.\nThe whole operation is rendered more difficult by the cunning way in which the Jews and bandits act; for instance, we discover that the hearses which were used to collect the corpses lying around at the same time bring living Jews to the Jewish cemetery, and thus they are enabled to escape, from the Ghetto. Now this way of escape also is barred by continuous control of the hearses.\nAt the termination of today's operation about 2200 hours, we discovered that again about 30 bandits had passed into a so-called armaments factory, where they had found refuge. Since the forces are storing goods of great value in this enterprise, this factory was requested to evacuate the building by noon on 24 April; this will enable us to cleanse that labyrinth of a building tomorrow.\nToday 3,500 Jews were caught who are to be evacuated from the factories. A total of 19,450 Jews have been caught for resettlement or already evacuated up to today. Of these about 2,500 Jews are still to be loaded. The next train will start on 24 April 1943.\nStrength as of 22 April 1943, without 150 Trawniki men; these have already been put at the disposal of the Eastern Command as reinforcement for another assignment.\nOur losses:\n2 Police corporals (\"SB\") wounded 1 Trawniki man wounded.\nThe operation will be continued on 24 April 1943, 1000 hours. This hour was chosen so that Jews who may still be in the Ghetto will believe that the operation was actually terminated today.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsawi\nWarsaw, 24 April 1943.\nRef. Nr.: I ab/St/Wdt-16 07-Journal No. 545/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto operation.\nThe Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and general of the Police-Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of operation on 24 April 1943, start 1000 hours.\nContrary to the preceding days, the 24 searching parties which had again been formed did not start at one end of the Ghetto, but proceeded from all sides at the same time. Apparently the Jews still in the Ghetto were deceived by the fact that the operation did not start until 1000 hours into believing that the action really had been terminated yesterday. The search action, therefore, had especially satisfactory results today. This success is furthermore due to the fact that the noncommissioned officers and men have meanwhile become accustomed to the cunning fighting, methods and tricks used by the Jews and bandits and that they have acquired great skill in tracking down the dug-outs which are found in such great number. The raiding parties having returned, we set about to clean a certain block of buildings, sit\nDated the northeastern part of the former Ghetto. In this labyrinth of buildings there was a so-called armaments firm which reportedly had goods worth millions for manufacture and storage. I had notified the Wehrmacht of my intentions on 23 t April 1943 about 2100 hours, and had requested them to remove their goods by 1200 hours. Since the Wehrmacht did not start this evacuation until 1000 hours I felt obliged to extend the term until 1800 hours. At 1815 hours a search party entered the premises, the building having been cordoned off, and found that a great number of Jews were within the building. Since some of these Jews resisted, I ordered the building to be set on fire. Not until all the buildings along the street and the back premises on either side were well aflame did the Jews, some of them on fire, emerge from these blocks, some of them endeavored to save their life by jumping into the street from windows and balconies, after having thrown down beds, blankets, and the like. Over and over again we observed that Jews and bandits, despite the danger of being burned alive, preferred to return into the flames rather than risk being caught by us. Over and over again the Jews kept up their firing almost to the end of the action; thus the engineers had to be protected by a machine gun when toward nightfall they had to enter forcibly a concrete building which had been very strongly fortified. Termination of today's operation; on 25 April 1943 at 0145 hours. 1,660 Jews were caught for evacuation, pulled out of dug-outs, about 330 shot. Innumerable Jews Swede destroyed by the flames or perished when the dug-outs were blown up. 26 dug-outs were blown up and an amount of paper money, especially dollars was captured; this money has not yet been counted.\nOur forces; as on the preceding day, minus 50 men of the Waffen-SS.\nOur losses: 2 SS men and 1 Trawniki man wounded.\nAltogether there have now been caught in this action 25,500 Jews who lived in the former Ghetto. Since there are only vague estimates available of the actual number of inhabitants I assume that now only very small numbers of Jews and bandits still remain within the Ghetto.\nOperation will be continued on 25 April 1943, 1300 hours.\nI beg to acknowledge receipt of teletype messages Nos. 1222 and 1223 of 24 April 1943. As far as can be predicted, the present large-scale operation will last until Easter Monday inclusive.\nToday large posters were affixed to the walls surrounding the Ghetto, announcing that everybody who enters the former Ghetto without being able to prove his identity will be shot.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 25 April 1943\nRef. No. I ab/St/Wdt-16 07-Journal No. 549/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of operation on 25 April 1943, start 1300 hours.\nFor today 7 search parties were formed, strength 1/70 each, each allotted to a certain block of buildings.\nTheir order was: \"Every building is to be combed out once more; dug-outs have to be discovered and blown up, and the Jews have to be caught. If any resistance is encountered or if dug-outs cannot be reached, the buildings are to be burnt down.\" Apart from the operations undertaken by these 7 search parties, a special operation was undertaken against a center of bandits, situated outside the wall surrounding the former Ghetto and inhabited exclusively by Poles.\nToday's operations of the search parties ended almost every- ~i; where in the starting of enormous conflagrations. In this manner the Jews were forced to leave their hideouts and refuges. A total of 1,960 Jews were caught alive. The Jews informed us that among them were certain parachutists who were dropped here and bandits who had been equipped with arms from some unknown source. 274 Jews were killed. As in the preceding days, uncounted Jews were buried in blown up dug-outs and, as can be observed time and again, burned with this bag of Jews today. We have, in my opinion, caught a very considerable part of the bandits and lowest elements of the Ghetto. Intervening darkness prevented immediate liquidation. I am going to try to obtain a train for T II tomorrow. Otherwise liquidation will be carried out tomorrow. Today also, some armed resistance was encountered; in a dug-out three pistols and some explosives were captured. Furthermore, considerable amounts of paper money, foreign currency, gold coins, and jewelry were seized today.\nThe Jews still have considerable property. While last night a glare of fire could be seen above the former Ghetto, today one can observe a giant sea of flames. Since we continue to discover great numbers of Jews whenever we search and comb out, the operation will be continued on 26 April 1943. Start: 1000 hours.\nIncluding today, a total of 27,464 Jews of the former Warsaw Ghetto, have been captured.\nOur forces; as on the previous day.\nOur losses; 3 members of the Waffen-SS and one member of the Security Police wounded.\nTotal losses up to date:\nWaffen SS\n27 Wounded\nPolice\n9 Wounded\nSecurity Police\n4 Wounded\nWehrmacht\n1 Wounded\nTrawniki men\n9 Wounded\n50 Wounded\nand 5 dead:\nWaffen-SS\n2 Dead\nWehrmacht\n2 Dead\nTrawniki men\n1 Dead\n5 Dead\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 26 April 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab/St/Wdt-16 07-Journal Nr. 550/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto operation-supplementary report.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\n1. The operation on 25 April 1943, was terminated at 2200 hours. 2. General effects of the execution of this operation.\nThe Poles resident in Warsaw are much impressed by the toughness of our operations in the former Ghetto. As can be seen from the daily reports, the general situation has greatly calmed down since the beginning of that operation within the city area of Warsaw. From this fact one may conclude that the bandits and saboteurs resided in the former Ghetto, and that now all of them-i have been destroyed.\nIn this connection the fact may be of some interest, that an illegal ammunition store was seen to explode when we burned down a certain building in the dwelling area on which we were working at the time.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 26 April 1943.\nRef. Nr.: I ab/St/Wdt-16 07 Journal Nr. 551/43 secret.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nStart of operation: 1000 hrs.\nThe whole of the former Ghetto was once more combed through today by the same search parties, each of them allotted to the same district as before. In this way I tried to bring about that the leaders of these parties work in thoroughfares, blocks of buildings, and courtyards which they know already and that thus they are able to penetrate deeper and deeper into the maze of dug-outs and subterranean passages. Almost every search party reported resistance, which however they broke either by returning fire or by blowing up the dug-outs. It becomes clearer and clearer that it is now the turn of the toughest and strongest among the Jews and bandits. Several times dug-outs have been forcibly broken open, the inmates of which had not come to the surface during the whole of this operation. In a number of cases the inmates of the dug-outs were hardly in a condition, when the dug-out had been blown up, to crawl to the surface. The captured Jews report that many of the inmates of the dug-outs became insane from the heat, the smoke, and the explosions. Several Jews were arrested who had kept close liaison with the group of Polish terrorists and collaborated with it. Outside the former Ghetto we arrested 29 Jews. During today's operation several blocks of buildings were burned down. This is the only and final method which forces this trash and subhumanity to the surface. We again captured arms, incendiary bottles, explosive charges and considerable amounts of cash and foreign currency. Today I also arranged that several so-called armament and defense enterprises will evacuate their stores from the buildings at once, so that these buildings in which the Jews now have taken refuge, under the protection of the army of the German Wehrmacht and police, can be combed out. In one case we again discovered, as previously, that in a building which had been said to contain a giant enterprise there existed in fact almost no stores or goods. One factory was closed without further ado, and the Jews were evacuated.\nResult of today's operation:\n30 Jews evacuated, 1,330 Jews pulled out of dug-outs and immediately destroyed, 362 Jews killed in battle. Caught today altogether: 1,722 Jews. This brings the total of Jews caught to 29,186. Moreover, it is very probable that numerous Jews have perished in the 13 dug-outs blown up today and in the conflagrations.\nAt the time of writing not one-of the Jews caught still remains within Warsaw. The scheduled transport to T. II had no success. [Note of translator: This probably means that no Jews were available for regular transport to the extermination camp.] Strength: as on preceding day.\nOur losses: none.\nEnd of today's operation at 2145 hours. Will be continued on 27 April 1943 at 0900 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 27 April 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 555/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto Operation\nTo: the Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of operation on 27 April 1943. Start: 0900 hrs.\nFor today's operation I formed 24 raiding parties with the same task as on several days of last week; they had to search the former Ghetto in smaller groups. These search parties pulled 780 Jews out of dug-outs and shot 115 Jews who resisted. This operation was terminated about 1500 hrs.; some of the parties had to continue to operate because they had found more dug-outs.\nAt 1600 hours. a special battle group, 320 officers and men strong, started cleansing a large block of buildings situated on both sides of the so-called Niska Street in the Northeastern part of the former Ghetto. After the search the entire block was set on fire, after having been completely cordoned off. In this action a considerable number of Jews were caught. As before, they remained in-the dug-outs, which were either below the ground or in the lofts of the buildings until the end. They fired their arms to the last moment, and then jumped down into the street, sometimes from as far up as the fourth floor, having previously thrown down beds, mattresses, etc., but not until the flames made any other escape impossible. A total of 2,560 Jews were caught today within the former Ghetto, of whom 547 were shot. Moreover, Jews in a not ascertainable number perished when dug-outs were blown up, or in the flames. The sum total of Jews, formerly residing in the Ghetto caught in this action, now amounts to 31,746.\nWe learned from an anonymous letter that there were a considerable number of Jews in a block of buildings adjoining the Northeastern pert of the Ghetto, but outside of it. A special raiding party under the command of 1st. Lt. of Police Diehl was dispatched to attack these buildings. The raiding party discovered a gang of about 120 men, strongly armed with pistols, rifles, hand grenades, and light machine guns, who resisted. They succeeded in destroying 24 bandits in battle and arresting 52 bandits. The remainder could not be caught or destroyed, since darkness intervened. The buildings, however, were surrounded at once, so that an escape will hardly be possible. This cleansing action will be continued tomorrow. Moreover, we arrested 17 Poles, among whom 2 Polish Policemen, who should have been aware, among other things, of the existence of this gang. In this operation we captured 3 rifles, 12 pistols, partly of heavier caliber, 100 Polish \"pineapple\" hand grenades, 27 German steel helmets, quite a number of German uniforms, tunics and coats which were even furnished with ribbon of the East medal, some reserve magazines for machine guns, 300 rounds of ammunition, etc. The leader of the raiding party had a difficult task because the bandits were disguised in German uniform, but despite this fact, he did his duty with great efficiency. Among the bandits who were caught or killed, there were some Polish terrorists who were identified with certainty. Today we succeeded furthermore in discovering and liquidating one of the founders and leaders of the Jewish-Polish resistance movement. The external appearance of the Jews whom we are catching now shows that it is now the turn of those Jews who were the leaders of the entire resistance movement. They jumped from the burning windows and balconies, abusing Germany and the Fuehrer and cursing the German soldiers.\nSS-men who descended into the sewers discovered that a great number of corpses of perished Jews are being washed away by the water.\nOur strength:\n288 German Police\n200 Trawniki menCordon-\nFrom 0700 to 1900 hours.140 Polish Policeing\nFrom 1900 to 0700 hours.288 German Policeforces\n250 Waffen-SS\n140 Polish Police\nStrength in the operation:\n3/115 German Police\n4/400 Waffen-SS\n1/6 Engineering Serv.\n2/30 Security Police\n2/21 Engineers.\nOur losses:\n3 wounded:\n2 Waffen-SS\n1 Trawniki-man\nTermination of operation: 2300 hours. Will be continued on 28 April 1943 at 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 28 April 1943.\nRef. Nr. I ab/St/Gr-16 07 Journal Nr. 562/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto operation\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of operation on 28 April 1943. Start 1000 hrs.\nToday, 10 raiding parties were formed for combing out the whole of the Ghetto. These raiding parties again discovered proceeding step by step, a number of dug-outs, which were found to have been prepared as far ago as the middle of last year for use in the resistance of the Jews. A total of 335 Jews were forcibly pulled out of these dug-outs. Apart from these operations, we continued to cleanse the resistance center used by the Jewish military organization, situated at the borders of the Ghetto. We succeeded in shooting 10 more bandits, and in arresting 9, beyond those caught yesterday, and in capturing more arms, ammunition, and military equipment. In the afternoon a battle group again was directed against a block of buildings which had already been combed out; the block was set on fire during this operation.\nAs on previous days, masses of Jews emerged, forced out by the ~ flames and the enormous clouds of smoke. At another point an\nEngineer officer, attached by the Wehrmacht to the units with great trouble opened a dug-out situated about 3 meters below ground. From this dug-out, which had been ready since October of last year and was equipped with running water, toilet, and electric light, we pulled out 274 of the richest and most influential Jews. Today again we encountered very strong resistance in many places and broke it. It becomes clearer every day that we are now  encountering the real terrorists and activists, because of the duration of the operation.\nResult of today: 1,655 Jews caught for evacuation, of whom 110 were killed in battle.\nMany more Jews were killed by the flames; moreover, Jews in an unascertainable number were destroyed the dug-outs being blown up. By the results of today the number of Jews caught or destroyed rises to 33,401 altogether. This number does not include the Jews who were killed by fire or destroyed in the dugouts.\nOur strength: as on the previous day. Our losses: 3 wounded (1 Police, 2 Waffen-SS)\nTermination of operation: 2200 hours. Will be continued on 29 April 1943. 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 29 April 1943.\nfief. Nr. I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal Nr. 566/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation of 29 April 1943. Start 1000 hrs. As on the previous day I formed search parties, who red the special task of searching those blocks of buildings which had been recently separated. A larger raiding party was detailed to clean a certain block of buildings (formerly the Hall- j mann concern) and to burn this block down. 36 more dug-outs used for habitation were discovered altogether, and from them and other hideouts and from the burning buildings, 2,359 Jews, were caught, of whom 106 were killed in battle.\nCaptured are 2 rifles, 10 pistols, 10 kilograms of explosives, and ammunition of various types.\nWhen a large dug-out was blown up, the entire building collapsed and everyone of the bandits perished. In the ensuing conflagration loud detonations and darting flames showed that the building must have contained large stores of ammunition and explosives. Some sewer entrances were blown up. Two exits discovered outside the Ghetto were also made unusable by blowingthem up or walling them up.\nThe depositions of some of the inmates of the dug-outs are to the effect that these Jews have been unable to leave the dug-outs for the last 10 days and that their food, etc., is now beginning to grow short because the large-scale operation has lasted so long. Furthermore, the Jews testify that bandits appeared at night who were Jews or sometimes Poles, wearing black masks, who walled the dug-outs up from the outside and admonished them not to give any signs of life, so that they could continue to live in the Ghetto when the action was finished. Some of the armaments factories are being evacuated very slowly. In several  cases one gains the impression that this is done intentionally. Thus I discovered with regard to one firm, Schulz and Co., which I had visited on Easter Monday and then instructed to start evacuation at once and to have it completed within 3 days, that up till today, Thursday, nothing had been done. Our strength: as on the previous day. Our losses: none.\nTermination of operation at 2100 hrs. Will be continued on 30 April 1943, 0900 hrs.\nTotal caught or destroyed: 35,760.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 30 April 1943.\nRef No.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 579/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 30 April 1943. Start 0900 hrs.\nCombing out by search parties was continued. Although some giant blocks of buildings now are completely burned out, the Jews continue to stay in the dug-outs 2 to 3 meters below ground. In many cases we are not able to discover those dug-outs unless some Jew, whom we have already caught, gives us a hint as to their whereabouts. Repeatedly, during the last few days, Jews have testified that some armed Jews emerge at night from some hideouts or dug-outs and threaten the other Jews with shooting if they give any signs of life. We were able to ascertain beyond all doubt that several dug-outs had been closed from the outside by these bandits, who tried in this manner to prove that they meant business. Altogether, 30 dug-outs were discovered, evacuated, and blown up today. Again we caught a great number of bandits and subhumans. Apart from the bombing-out operations effected by small parties, two larger battle groups were occupied with bombing out and destroying by fire several interconnected blocks of buildings.\nA total of 1599 Jews were caught today, of whom 179 were killed in battle. The sum total of Jews caught up to date thereby rises to 37,359. 3,855 Jews were loaded today. The number of Jews in possession of arms was much higher than before among the Jews caught during the last few days. Today, we again captured arms and particularly parts of German uniforms from them. The operation against Fort Traugutta did not have any positive results. So far as we were able to discover subterranean exits, we either occupied them or blew them up. In attacking one of the blocks we had to use a gun today.\nOur strength:\nUsed in the operation:\nPolice\n5/133\nSecurity Police\n3/36\nWaffen SS\n6/432\nEngineer\n2/40\nStaff\n3/7\nCordoning forces:\nWaffen SS\n3/318\nGerman Police\n2/89\nTrawniki men\n200\nmoreover some Polish Police\nOur losses: 1 wounded (Police)\nTermination of today's large scale action: 2100 hours. Will be continued on 1 May 1943, 0900 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, May 1, 1943.\nref: Nr.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 583/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large scale operation on 1 May 1943. Start 0900 hours. 10 searching parties were detailed, moreover a larger battle group was detailed to comb out a certain block of buildings, with the added instruction to burn that block down. Within this block of buildings there existed a so-called armament factory which had not yet been entirely evacuated, although it had had enough time to do so. It was not exempted from the operation. Today's operation a total of 1,026 Jews were caught, of whom 245 were killed, either in battle or while resisting. Moreover, a considerable number of bandits and ringleaders were also caught. In one case a Jew who had already been made ready for transport fired three shots against a 1st Lieutenant of Police, but missed his mark. All the Jews caught today were forcibly pulled out of dug-outs. Not a single one gave himself up voluntarily, after his dug-out had been opened. A considerable part of the Jews caught were pulled out of the sewers. We continued systematically blowing up or blocking up the sewer entrances. In one case the Engineers laid a strong concentrated charge and had to proceed to an adjoining entrance where they had something to do. In the meantime a Jew emerged from the sewer, removed the fuse from the concentrated charge, and appropriated the charge. In the further course of this operation we succeeded in catching the Jew, still in possession of the concentrated charge.\nIn order to ascertain the movements of the Jews during the night, today I used for the first time 5 scouting parties, each 1/9 strong, at irregular intervals during the night. In general, it has to be stated that our men need extraordinary diligence and energy to discover the Jews who are still in so-called dug-outs, caves, and in the sewerage system. It can be expected that the remainder of the Jews who formerly inhabited the Ghetto will now be caught. The sum total of Jews caught so far has risen to 38,385. Not included in this figure are those who died in the flames or in the dug-outs. One patrol discovered an unascertainable number of corpses floating in a main sewer under the Ghetto. Outside of the Ghetto, in the immediate vicinity of Warsaw, the gendarmerie has shot a total of 150 Jews who could be proved to have escaped from Warsaw.\nAgain we captured pistols and explosives.\nOur strength, used in operation:\nPolice (German)\n4/102\nWaffen SS\n7/350\nEngineers (Wehrmacht)\n2/38\nEngineering Emergency Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/1\nCordoning units:\nWaffen SS\n300\nGerman Police\n1/71\nTrawniki\n250\nOur losses: 1 policeman-wounded yesterday, died from wounds.\nTermination of today's large-scale action: 2200 hours. Will be continued on 2 May 1943, 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom _The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 2 May 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 584/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 2 May 1943, start 1000 hrs. 9 raiding parties combed out the whole area of the former Ghetto; moreover a larger detachment was detailed to clean out or destroy one block of buildings grouped around the two armament enterprises Transavia and Wischniewski. To find more dug-outs, the raiding parties took along with them some Jews caught on the previous day to act as guides. In these operations the raiding parties pulled out 944 Jews from dugouts; 235 more Jews were shot on this occasion. When the block of buildings mentioned above was destroyed, 120 Jews were caught and numerous Jews were destroyed when they jumped from the attics to the inner courtyards, trying to escape the flames. Many more Jews perished in the flames or were destroyed when the dug-outs and sewer entrances were blown up. The Jews were removed from two armaments concerns and the managers were requested to evacuate within a short time.\nAltogether we caught today: 1,852 Jews. The sum total of Jews caught thereby rises to 40,237 Jews. 27 dug-outs were discovered, forcibly opened and destroyed, arms and ammunition captured. When the external barricade was shot at and when some Jews who broke out from a sewer entrance outside the Ghetto made an attack, we suffered 7 losses, 4 Policemen and 3 Polish Policemen. The scouting parties used during the night encountered armed resistance from some Jews who under the protection of darkness ventured to emerge from their holes and dugouts. We did not suffer losses thereby. On the other hands a considerable number of Jews were killed or wounded in this operation.\nOur strength, used in operation:\nGerman Police\n3/98\nEngineering Em Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n3/12\nEngineers (Wehrmacht)\n2/37\nSS-Gren\n11/409\nSS-Cav.\n3/7\nCordoning forces:\nGerman Police\n2/9\nSS-Gren\n1/300\nTrawniki\n200\nOur losses:\n4 Policemen wounded\n3 Polish policemen wounded\nPresent at today's large-scale operation was the Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger.\nTermination of operation: 2030 hours. Will be continued on 3 May 1943, 0900 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 3 May 1943.\nRef. Nr.: I ab-St/Gr-16 07-Journal Nr. 597/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 3 May 1943, start 0900 hours. l In the combing-out operation of the former Jewish Ghetto today 19 more dug-outs were discovered and the result was as follows:\nPulled out of dug-outs - 1,392 Jews\nShot - 95\nEvacuated from former armament factories - 177\nThe sum total of Jews caught thereby rises to 41,806 Jews. In most cases the Jews offered armed resistance before they left the dug-outs. We had two casualties (wounded). Some of the Jews and bandits fired pistols from both hands. Since we discovered several times today, that Jewesses had pistols concealed in their bloomers, every Jew and bandit will be ordered from today on, to strip completely for the search. We captured among other things, one German rifle, model 98, two 08 pistols and other calibers, also home-made hand grenades. The Jews cannot be induced to leave their dug-outs until several smoke candles have been burned. According to depositions made yesterday and today, the Jews were asked during the second half of 1942 to erect air-raid shelters. At that time under the camouflage of erecting air-raid shelters, they began to build the dug-outs which they are now inhabiting, in order to use them for an anti-Jewish operation. Some of the scouting parties used in the Ghetto were shot at last night. One casualty (wounded). These scouting parties reported that groups of armed bandits marched through the Ghetto.\nStrength: as on the previous day.\nLosses: 3 SS-men wounded.\nTermination of today's operation: 2100 hours. Will be continued on 4 May 1943. 0900 hours.\n3,019 Jews were loaded.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 4 May 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab-St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 603/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 4 May 1943, start 0900 hours. For mopping up the dug-outs a raiding party was used, 1/60 strong and reinforced by an Engineers' detachment provided by the Wehrmacht. This raiding party pulled 550 Jews out of dugouts and killed in battle 188 Jews. Discovering the dug-outs becomes more and more difficult. Often they can only be discovered by betrayal through other Jews. If the Jews are requested to leave their dug-out voluntarily, they hardly ever obey; they can only be forced to do so by the use of smoke-candles.\nThe main forces were detailed about 1100 hours to comb out, mop up, and destroy two large blocks of buildings, containing the former firms Toebbens, Schulz and Co., and others. After these blocks had been completely cordoned off, we requested the Jews who were still within the buildings to come forward voluntarily. By this measure, we caught 456 Jews for evacuation. Not until the blocks of buildings were well aflame and were about to collapse did a further considerable number of Jews emerge, forced to do so by the flames and the smoke. Time and again the Jews try to escape even through burning buildings. Innumerable Jews whom we saw on the roofs during the conflagration perished in the flames. Others emerged from the upper stories in the last possible moment and were only able to escape death in the flames by jumping down. Today we caught a total of 2,283 Jews, of whom 204 were shot and innumerable Jews were destroyed in dug-outs and in the flames. The sum total of Jews caught rises to 44,089.\nAs is learned from depositions made by the Jews, today we caught part of the governing body of the so-called \"Party.\" One member of the committee which leads the gang will be used tomorrow for mopping up some more fortified dug-outs with armed Jews inside. When the armament enterprises were evacuated, we again observed that the goods carted away were by no means valuable military equipment, as had been pretended, but trifles, like used furniture and other requisitioned items. We took appropriate measures against this at once.\nThe scouting parties who patrolled during the night in the former Ghetto again reported movements of the Jews in the burned out and destroyed streets and courtyards. In order to be better able to take the Jews by surprise, the scouting parties at night tie rags and other stuff round their shoes. In skirmishes between the scouting parties and Jews, 30 Jews were shot.\nWe captured 1 carbine, 3 pistols, and some ammunition. During the conflagration a considerable amount of stored ammunition exploded.\nOur strength, used in operation:\nGerman Police\n4/101\nEngineering Em. Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/14\nEngineers\n2/41\nWaffen SS\n11/407\nCordoning forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n2/87\n1/11\nWaffen SS\n25\n1/300\nTrawniki\n200\nPolish Police\n1/180\n1/180\nOur losses: None.\nTermination of operation: 2330 hours. Will be continued on 5 May 1943, 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 5 May 1943.\nRef. Nr.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 607/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 5 May 1943. Start 1000 hours. In the beginning of today's operations the raiding parties seemed to have less results than on the preceding days. When the operation terminated, however, quite a number of dug-outs had again been discovered, owing to the tracking ability of the men and to betrayal; 40 of these dug-outs were destroyed. As far as possible, the Jews in these dug-outs were caught (1,070 altogether). The combing out patrols shot about 126 Jews. Today again the Jews resisted in several places until they were captured. In several cases the entrances (hatches) of the dugouts were forcibly held or bolted from the inside, so that only by using a strong explosive charge could we force them open and destroy the inmates. Today, we again captured arms and ammunition, including one pistol. From one enterprise still in existence (so-called Prosta) 2,850 Jews were caught for evacuation. This figure was included in the sum total reported earlier, so that only 1,070 have to be added; the present sum total therefore is 45,159.\nOur strength: as on the preceding day.\nOur losses: 1 SS man wounded, 1 Policeman wounded.\nSum total of losses to date: 8 dead, 55 wounded.\nTermination of operation: 2200 hours. - Will be continued on 6 May 1943, 0900 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 6 May 1943.\nRef. No.: ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 614/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto large-scale operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 6 May 1943, start 0930 hours.\nToday we combed especially those blocks of buildings which were destroyed by fire on 4 May 1943. Although it was hardly to be expected that any living person could still exist in those blocks, we discovered quite a number of dug-outs in which a burning heat had developed. From these dug-outs and from other dugouts which we discovered in other parts of the Ghetto, we pulled out 1,553 Jews. While resisting, and in a skirmish, 356 Jews were shot. In this skirmish the Jews fired from 08 pistols and other calibers and threw Polish \"pineapple\" hand grenades. One SS Unterscharfuehrer was wounded and a total of 47 dug-outs were destroyed.\n2 men of the external cordoning forces were wounded. The Jews who had broken out from the Ghetto seem to be returning now with the intention of assisting the Ghetto Jews by force or liberating them. One Jew who had escaped from Lublin was caught just outside of the Ghetto wall. He was armed as follows: 1 08 pistol, ample reserve ammunition, 2 Polish \"pineapple\" hand grenades. It could not be reliably ascertained so far whether the so-called \"Party Directorate\" of the Jews (\"PPR\") have been caught or destroyed. We are on their traces. It is to be hoped that tomorrow we shall succeed in tracing down this so-called Party Directorate. In order to enable us to intercept more effectively the Jews and bandits who approach the Ghetto, covering detachments of the external barricade were shifted farther inside the Aryan part. The former miniature Ghetto \"Prosta\" was searched by raiding parties today. We caught some Jews who had stayed behind. The firm Toebbens was requested to evacuate, this miniature Ghetto by noon on 10 May 1943. The so-called library, situated outside the Ghetto, was put at their disposal for temporary storage of their raw materials, etc.\nThe sum total of Jews caught so far rises to 47,068. The Polish Police take pains to deliver to my office every Jew who turns up within the city, because they are eager to win such premiums as have been paid in earlier cases. The undersigned received some anonymous letters in which he was notified of the fact that some Jews are staying in the Aryan part of the city. One anonymous letter draws a parallel between Katyn and the large-scale action within the Ghetto.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman Police\n4/101\nEngineering Em. Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/14\nEngineers\n3/72\nWaffen SS\n10/500\nCordoning forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n2/87\n1/11\nWaffen SS\n25\n1/300\nTrawniki\n200\nPolish Police\n1/180\n1/180\nOur losses:\n1 Policeman dead\n1 Policeman seriously wounded\n1 SS Unterscharfuehrer less seriously wounded\nTermination of operation: 2100 hours. Will be continued on 7 May 1943, 0930 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nProm: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 7 May 1943.\nRef. Nr.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal Nr. 616/43 secret\nRe:Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 7 May 1943, start 1000 hours. The combing-out parties today obtained the following results: 49 dug-outs discovered. Part of the Jews were caught. A considerable, not ascertainable, number of Jews who refused to leave the dug-outs and offered armed resistance were destroyed when the dug-outs were blown up. Altogether 1,019 Jews were caught alive today, 255 shot. The sum total of Jews caught so far rises to 48,342. Today we again encountered armed resistance in several cases, whereby we lost 1 SS man (wounded). We captured 4 pistols of various calibers and some stores of ammunition.\nThe location of the dug-out used by the so-called select \"Party Directorate\" is now known. It is to be forced open tomorrow. The Jews testify that they emerge at night to get fresh air, since it is unbearable to stay permanently within the dug-outs owing to the long duration of the operation. On the average the raiding parties shoot 30 to 50 Jews each night. From these statements it was to be inferred that a considerable number of Jews are still underground in the Ghetto. Today we blew up a concrete building which we had not been able to destroy by fire. In this operation we learned that the blowing up of a building is a very lengthy process and takes an enormous amount of explosives. The best and only method for destroying the Jews therefore stir] remains the setting of fires.\nOur strength: as on the preceding day. Our losses: 1 Waffen-SS man wounded.\nTermination of operation: 2100 hours, will be continued on 8 May 1943 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom_ The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 8 May 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab/St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 624/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of operation on 8 May 1943, start 1000 hours.\nThe whole former Ghetto was searched today by raiding parties for the remaining dug-outs and Jews. As reported some days a number of subhumans, bandits, and terrorists still remain in the dug-outs, where heat has become intolerable by reason of the fires. These creatures know only too well that their only choice is between remaining in hiding as long as possible or coming to the surface and trying to wound or kill off the men of the Waffen-SS, Police, and Wehrmacht who keep up the pressure against them.\nWe continued today the operation against the dug-out of the so-called select \"Party Directorate'' which we had discovered yesterday, as reported in my teletype message yesterday. We succeeded in forcing open the dug-out of the Party Directorate and in catching about 60 heavily armed bandits. We succeeded in catching and liquidating Deputy Leader of the Jewish Military Organization \"ZWZ\" and his so-called Chief of Staff. There were about 200 Jews in this dug-out, of whom 60 were caught and 140 were destroyed, partly owing to the strong effect of smoke-candles, and partly owing to heavy explosive charges which were laid in several places. The Jews whom we caught had already reported that innumerable Jews had been killed by the effect of the smoke-candles. The fight of the first six days was hard, but now we are able to state that we are catching those Jews and Jewesses who were the ringleaders in those days. Every time a dug-out is forced open, the Jews in it offer resistance with the arms at their disposal, light machine guns, pistols, and hand grenades. Today we again caught quite a number of Jewesses who carried loaded pistols in their bloomers, with the safety catch released. Some depositions speak of 3 to 4,000 Jews who still remain in underground holes, sewers, and dug-outs. The undersigned is resolved not to terminate the large-scale operation until the last Jew has been destroyed.\nA total of 1,091 Jews were caught today in dug-outs; about 280 Jews were shot in battle, innumerable Jews were destroyed in the 43 dug-outs which were blown up. The sum total of Jews caught has risen to 49,712. Those buildings which had not yet been destroyed by fire, were set on fire today and we discovered that a few Jews were still hiding somewhere within the walls or in the staircases.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman Police\n4/101\nEngineering Em Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/14\nEngineers\n3/69\nWaffen SS\n13/527\nCordoning forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n1/87\n1/36\nWaffen SS\n25\n1/300\nTrawniki\n160\nPolish Police\n1/160\n1/160\nOur losses:\n2 Waffen SS dead\n2 Waffen SS wounded\n1 Engineer wounded\nA policeman wounded on 7 May 1943 died today from wounds. We captured about 15 to 20 pistols of various calibers, considerable stores of ammunition for pistols and rifles, moreover a number of hand grenades, made in the former armament factories.\nTermination of action; 2130 hours, will be continued on 9 May 1943 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 9 May 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab/St/Gr 1607 Journal No. 625/43.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 9 May 1943, start 1000 hours.\nThe operation carried out today had the following result: The raiding parties at work today discovered 42 dug-outs. From these dug-outs we pulled out alive 1,037 Jews and bandits. In battle 319 bandits and Jews were shot, moreover an uncertain number were destroyed when the dug-outs were blown up. The block of buildings which formerly contained the \"Transavia\" concern was destroyed by fire; in this operation we again caught a number of Jews, although this block had been combed through several times.\nAgain we captured some pistols and hand grenades.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman Police\n4/103\nSecurity Police\n2/12\nEngineers\n3/67\nWaffen SS\n13/547\nCordoning Forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n1/87\n1/36\nWaffen SS\n------\n1/300\nTrawniki\n160\n-------\nPolish Police\n1/160\n1/160\nOur losses: None.\nThe total of Jews caught up to date has risen to 51,313. Outside the former Ghetto 254 Jews and bandits were shot.\nTermination of operation: 2100 hours, will be continued on 10 May 1943, 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw,\nWarsaw, 10 May, 1943.\nRef. Nr. I ab St/Gr 16 07 Journal No. 627/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale action on 10 May 1943 start 1000 hours.\nToday raiding parties again combed out the area of the former Ghetto. As on preceding days we again pulled out of the dug-outs, against all expectations, a considerable number of Jews. The resistance offered by the Jews had not weakened today. In contrast to the previous days, it seems that those members of the main body of the Jewish battle group who are still in existence and have not been destroyed have retired into the ruins still within their reach, with the intention of firing from there against our men and inflicting casualties.\nToday we caught a total of 1,183 Jews alive, 187 bandits and Jews were shot. Again a not ascertainable number of Jews and bandits were destroyed in the blown-up dug-outs. The total of Jews caught up to date has risen to 52,693.\nToday at 0900 hours a truck drove up to a certain sewer in the so-called Prosta. Someone in the truck exploded two hand grenades, which was the signal for the bandits who were standing ready in the sewer to climb out of it. The bandits and Jews- there are always some Polish bandits among them armed with carbines, small arms, and one machine gun, climbed into the truck and drove away in an unknown direction. The last man of the gang, who stood sentry in the sewer and had the duty of closing the sewer lid, was captured. It is he who gave the above information. He testified that most of the members of the gang, which had been divided into several battle groups, had either been killed in battle or had committed suicide because they had realized the futility of continuing the fight. The search for the truck, which was ordered at once, had no results. The bandits testified further that the Prosta is now the refuge for the still existing Jews because the Ghetto has become too hot for them. For this reason, I resolved to deal with the Prosta in the same manner as with the Ghetto, and to destroy this miniature Ghetto.\nToday, we again captured small arms and some ammunition.\nThe Security Police yesterday succeeded in capturing a workshop outside the Ghetto which manufactured 10,000 to 11,000 explosive charges and other ammunition.\nOur strength: as on the preceding day. Our losses: 3 SS men wounded.\nOwing to the excellent understanding between us and the Wehrmacht, the detachment of Engineers was reinforced. Moreover, a considerable amount of explosives was put at our disposal.\nTermination of operation: 2200 hours. Will be continued on 11 May 1943, 0930 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 11 May 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab-St/Gr-16 07 Journal No. 629/43 secret.\nRe: Ghetto large-scale Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 11 May 1943, start 0930 hours.\nThe scouting parties sent out last night again reported that there must still be some Jews within the dug-outs, since some Jews were seen in the ruined streets. The scouting parties shot 12 Jews. On the basis of these reports, today I again formed raiding parties who in combing-out operations discovered, captured, and destroyed a total of 47 dug-outs. Today again we caught some Jews who had taken refuge in ruins which were still protected by a roof. The Jews and bandits are still seeking this new refuge, because staying in the dug-outs has become unbearable. One dug-out was discovered which contained about 12 rooms equipped with plumbing, running water, and separate bathrooms for men and women. Considerable amounts of food were captured or secured, in order to make it more and more difficult for them to get necessary food.\nA total of 931 Jews and bandits were caught. 53 bandits were shot. More of them perished when dug-outs were blown up and when a small block of buildings was destroyed by fire. The total of Jews caught up to date has risen to 53,667. We captured several pistols, hand grenades, and ammunition.\nWe have not been able to smoke out the sewers systematically once more, since we are short of smoke-candles. \"OFK\" is ready to provide new smoke-candles.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman Police\n6/126\nEngineering Em. Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/14\nEngineers\n4/76\nWaffen SS\n12/308\nCordoning forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n1/112\n1/86\nWaffen SS\n-------\n1/130\nTrawniki\n160\n--------\nPolish Police\n1/160\n1/160\nOur losses: 1 SS man wounded.\nTotal of losses up to date: 71 wounded, 12 dead.\nTermination of today's operation: 2145 hours, will be continued on 12 May 1943, 0930 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 12 May 1943\nRef. No.: I ab-St/Gr-16 07-Journal No. 637/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 12 May 1943, start 0930 hours.\nWhen the raiding parties combed out the area for remaining dug-outs in which Jews were hiding, they succeeded in discovering 30 dug-outs. 663 Jews were pulled out of them and 133 Jews were shot. The sum total of Jews caught has arisen to 54,463.\nFurthermore today the units cordoning off the miniature Ghetto were reinforced and destroyed by fire. Probably a considerable number of Jews perished in the flames, no accurate information in this regard could be obtained since the fire was still burning when darkness set in. One concrete building in the Prosta, from which Jews had been removed, was heavily damaged by blowing-up operations in order to make it impossible for the bandits to use it as a base later.\nIt is noteworthy that the Poles, without having been warned, took appropriate measures for protecting their window-panes, etc., before the blowing-up started.\nThe transports of Jews leaving here will be directed to T.II beginning today.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman police\n5/126\nEngineering Em. Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/14\nEngineers\n4/74\nWaffen SS\n12/508\nCordoning forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n1/112\n1/86\nWaffen SS\n-------\n1/300\nTrawniki\n160\n---------\nPolish Police\n1/160\n1/160\nOur losses:\n1 Waffen SS man wounded.\nTermination of today's operation: 2160 hours, will be continued on 13 May 1943, 1000 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 13 May, 1943.\nRef. No.: I ate/ St/Gr 16 07 Journal No. 641/43 secret. Re: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 13 May 1943, start 1000 hours. In combing out the Ghetto and the miniature Ghetto (Prosta) today we found 234 Jews. 155 Jews were shot in battle. Today it became clear that the Jews and bandits whom we are catching now belong to the so-called battle groups. All of them are young fellows and females between 18 and 25 years of age. When we captured one, a real skirmish took place, in which the Jews not only fired from 08 pistols and Polish Vis pistols, but also threw Polish \"pineapple\" hand grenades at the Waffen-SS men. After part of the inmates of the dug-out had been caught and were about to be searched, one of the females as quick as lightning put her hand under her shirt, as many others had done, and fetched from her bloomers a \"pineapple\" hand grenade, drew the safety-catch, threw the grenade among the men who were searching her, and jumped quickly to cover. It is only thanks to the presence of mind of the men that no casualties ensued.\nThe few Jews and criminals still staying in the Ghetto have for the last few days been using the hideouts they can still find among the ruins, retiring at night into the dug-outs whose location is known to them, to eat and get provisions for the next day. Lately we have been unable to extract information on the whereabouts of further dug-outs from the captured Jews. The remainder of the inmates of that dug-out where the skirmish took place were destroyed by using heavier explosive charges. From a Wehrmacht concern we evacuated 327 Jews today. The Jews we catch now are sent to T.II.\nThe total of Jews caught has risen to 55,179.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman police\n4/182\nEngineering Em. Service\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/14\nEngineers\n4/74\nWaffen SS\n12/517\nCordoning forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n2/137\n1/87\nWaffen SS\n-------\n1/300\nTrawniki\n270\n-------\n>Polish Police\n1/160\n1/160\nOur losses:\n2 Waffen SS dead\n3 Waffen SS wounded\n1 Policeman wounded.\nThe 2 Waffen SS men lost their lives in the air attack against the Ghetto.\n33 dug-outs were discovered and destroyed. Booty: 6 pistols, 2 hand grenades, and some explosive charges.\nTermination of today's operation: 2100 hours, will be continued on 14 May 1943, 1000 hours.\nMy intention is to terminate the large-scale operation on 16 May 1943 and to turn all further measures over to Police battalion III/23. Unless ordered otherwise, I am going to submit to the conference of SS and Policefuehrers a detailed report of the operation, including an appendix containing photos.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 14 May 1943.\nRef. No. I ab/St/G 16 07 Journal No. 646/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer Fast, SS Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 14 May 1943, start 1000 hours.\nThe raiding parties formed today went to work within the areas allotted to each of them under orders to force open further dwelling dug-outs and to catch the Jews. In this way a considerable number of bandits and Jews were caught, especially as some traces had been discovered during the night which were now followed up with good results. The night patrols clashed with armed bandits several times. These bandits fired a machine gun and small arms. In this operation we had four casualties- 3 Waffen-SS men and 1 Policeman. Repeatedly, shots were fired from the Aryan part against the external barricade. In the skirmishes about 30 bandits were shot and 9 Jews and bandits, members of an armed gang, were captured. One dug-out was taken during the night, the Jews captured, and some pistols, among them one of 12-mm caliber, were captured. In one dug-out inhabited by 100 persons, we were able to capture 2 rifles, 16 pistols, some hand grenades and incendiary appliances. Of the bandits who resisted, some again wore German military uniform, German-steel helmets and \"knobeloecher.\" Apart from the carbines, we captured 60 rounds of German rifle ammunition. One raiding party had a skirmish with a gang, 10 to 14 strong, on the roofs of a block of buildings at the border of the Ghetto (Aryan part). The bandits were destroyed; we suffered no losses.\nThe captured bandits repeatedly testify that still not all persons in the Ghetto have been caught. They confidently expect that the action will soon be over, and that they will then be able to continue to live in the Ghetto. Several bandits stated that they had long been in a position to kill off the leader of the action, the \"General,\" as they call him, but that they would not do so, since they had orders to that effect to avoid the risk of a further intensification of the anti-Jewish measures.\nToday again some concrete buildings in which the bandits find refuge time and again were blown up by the engineers.\nIn order to force the bandits in the sewers to come to the surface, 183 sewer entrances were opened at 1500 hours, and smokecandles were lowered into them at an ordered x-time, thereupon the bandits, seeking escape from what they supposed to be poison gas, crowded together in the center of the former Ghetto, and we were able to pull them out of the sewer entrances there.\nI shall come to a decision after tomorrow's operations regarding termination of the action.\nToday SS-Gruppenfuehrer and Lieutenant General of Waffen-SS von Horff was present during the operations.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman Police\n4/184\nEngineering Em. Serv\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/16\nEngineers\n4/73\nWaffen-SS\n12/51\nCordoning forces.\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n2/138\n1/87\nWaffen SS\n-------\n1/300\nTrawniki\n270\n-------\nPolish Police\n1/160\n1/160\nOur losses:\n5 wounded, 4 Waffen SS, 1 Police\nA total of 398 Jews were caught today, furthermore 154 Jews and bandits were shot in battle. The total of the Jews caught has risen to 55,731.\nBooty: rifles, pistols, and ammunition. Further, a number of incendiary bottles (Molotov cocktails).\nTermination of action; 2155 hours, will be continued on 15 May 1943 0900 hours.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, May 15th 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab/St/Gr 16 07 Journal No. 648/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 15 April 1943. Start 0900 hours.\nThe 5 scouting parties who patrolled the Ghetto last night reported that they encountered Jews only sporadically. In contrast to the preceding nights, they were able to shoot 6 or 7 Jews. The combing-out actions today also had little result. 29 more dug-outs were discovered, but part of them were no longer inhabited. A total of 87 Jews were caught today and 67 bandits and Jews were shot in battle. In a skirmish which developed around noon, and in which the bandits again resisted by using Molotov cocktails, pistols, and home-made hand grenades, the gang was destroyed; but subsequently a policeman was wounded by a shot through the right thigh. A special unit once more searched the last block of buildings which was still intact in the Ghetto, and subsequently destroyed it. In the evening the chapel, mortuary, and all other buildings on the Jewish cemetery were blown up or destroyed by fire.\nThe sum total of Jews caught has risen to 55,885.\nOur strength:\nUsed in operation:\nGerman Police\n4/184\nEngineering Em. S\n1/6\nSecurity Police\n2/16\nWaffen-SS\n12/510\nCordoning forces:\nDay\nNight\nGerman Police\n2/138\n1/87\nWaffen-SS\n-------\n1/300\nTrawniki\n270\n-------\nPolish Police\n1/160\n1/160\nOur losses:\n1 Policeman wounded.\nWe captured 4 pistols of larger calibers, 1 infernal machine with fuse, 10 kilograms of explosives, and a considerable amount of ammunition. Termination of operation: 2130 hours. Will be continued on 16 May 1943, 1000 hours.\nI will terminate the large-scale operation on 16 May 1943 at dusk, by blowing up the Synagogue, which we did not succeed in accomplishing today, and will subsequently charge Police Battalion III/23 with continuing and completing the measures which are still necessary.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, May 16th, 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab-St/Gr 16 07 Journal Nr. 652/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nProgress of large-scale operation on 16 May 1943, start 1000 hours.\n180 Jews, bandits, and subhumans were destroyed. The former Jewish quarter of Warsaw is no longer in existence. The large-scale action was terminated at 2015 hours by blowing up the Warsaw Synagogue.\nThe measures to be taken with regard to the established banned areas were handed over to the commander of police battalion III/23, whom I instructed carefully.\nTotal number of Jews dealt with 56,065, including both Jews caught and Jews whose extermination can be proved.\nNo losses today.\nI will submit a final report to the Conference of SS Police Fuehrer on 18 May 1943.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nCopy\nTeletype message\nFrom: The SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw\nWarsaw, 24 May 1943.\nRef. No.: I ab-St/Gr 16 07 Journal Nr. 663/43 secret.\nRe: Large-scale Ghetto Operation.\nRef: Your teletype message Nr. 946 or 21 May 1943.\nTo: The Higher SS and Police Fuehrer East, SS-Obergruppenfuehrer and General of Police Krueger-or deputy.\nCracow\nI beg to reply to the above teletype message: No. 1:\nOf the total of 56,065 caught, about 7,000 were destroyed in the former Ghetto during large-scale operation. 6,929 Jews were destroyed by transporting them to T.II; the sum total of Jews destroyed is therefore 13,929. Beyond the number of 56,065 an estimated number of 5 to 6,000 Jews were destroyed by being blown up or by perishing in the flames.\nNo. 2:\nA total of 631 dug-outs were destroyed.\nNo. 3 (booty):\n7 Polish rifles, 1 Russian rifle, 1 German rifle.\n59 pistols of various calibers.\nSeveral 100 hand grenades, including Polish and homemade ones.\nA few 100 incendiary bottles.\nHome-made explosive charges.\nInfernal machines with fuses.\nLarge amounts of explosives, ammunition for all calibers, including machine-gun ammunition.\nWith regard to the bag of arms one must take into consideration that in most cases we were not able to capture the arms themselves, since the Jews and bandits before they were captured threw them away into hideouts and holes which we could not discover or find. The smoke which we had developed in the dug-outs also prevented our men from discovering and capturing the arms. Since we had to blow up the dug-outs at once we were not in a position to search for the arms later on.\nThe hand grenades, explosive charges, and incendiary bottles captured were used at once against the bandits.\nFurthermore, we captured:\n1,240 used uniform tunics (partly equipped with medal ribbons, Iron Cross, and East Medal).\n600 pairs of used trousers.\nPieces of equipment, and German steel helmets.\n103 horses, 4 of them in the former Ghetto (hearse)\nWe counted up to 23 May 1943:\n4.4 million Zloty. We captured moreover about 5 to 6 million Zloty, not yet counted, a considerable amount of foreign currency, including-\n$14,300 in paper.\n$ 9,200 in gold.\nLarge amounts of valuables (rings, chains, watches etc.)\nNo. 4.\nWith the exception of 8 buildings (police barracks, hospital and accommodations for working parties) the former Ghetto has been completely destroyed. Where blowing-up was not carried out, only partition walls are still standing. But the ruins still contain enormous amounts of bricks and scrap material which could be used.\nThe SS and Police Fuehrer in the District of Warsaw.\nSigned: Stroop\nSS-Brigadefuehrer and Major general of Police.\nCertified copy:\nSS-Sturmbannfuehrer.\nPictorial report\n[Translator's note: captions of photos follow in order]\n1. The building of the former Jewish Council.\n2. Out of the factories.\n3. Discussion of the evacuation of a factory.\n4. The Jewish section chiefs of the armament factory Briar.\n5. Brauer Company!\n6. Column marching to the railway station.\n7. On the way to the transhipping place.\n8. Search and interrogation.\n9. Jewish Rabbis.\n10. Jewish Rabbis.\n11. A patrol.\n12. Dregs of humanity.\n13. Forcibly pulled out of dug-outs.\n14. Just pulled out of a dug-out.\n15. Just pulled out of a dug-out.\n16. These bandits resisted by force of arms.\n17. Bandits destroyed in battle.\n18. A dug-out is opened.\n19. Jewish traitors.\n20. Bandits!\n21. Smoking-out of the Jews and bandits.\n22. A place which had been prepared for escape and jumping down.\n23. Destruction of a block of buildings [2 photos].\n24. Destruction of a block of buildings.\n25. [no caption]\n26. On the way to the transhipping place.\n27. Jews are marched away.\n28. On the way to the transhipping place.\n29. Photos showing parts of so-called dwelling dug-outs.\n34. Measures for covering a street.\n35. They were found in underground dug-outs.\n36. (1) These bandits are avoiding arrest by jumping down.\n(2) Bandits after having jumped down.\n37. The radio car of the command post.\n38. Ascaris who were used in the operation.\n39. The C.O. of the large-scale action.\n40. This is how the former Ghetto looks after having been destroyed.\n41 48. [no caption]\nAvalon Home\nDocument\nCollections\nAncient\n4000bce - 399\nMedieval\n400 - 1399\n15\nth\nCentury\n1400 - 1499\n16\nth\nCentury\n1500 - 1599\n17\nth\nCentury\n1600 - 1699\n18\nth\nCentury\n1700 - 1799\n19\nth\nCentury\n1800 - 1899\n20\nth\nCentury\n1900 - 1999\n21\nst\nCentury\n2000 -\n© 2008 Lillian Goldman Law Library\n127 Wall Street, New Haven, CT 06511.\nAvalon Statement of Purpose\nAccessibility at Yale\nContact Us\nYale Law Library\nUniversity Library\nYale Law School\nSearch Morris\nSearch Orbis",
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