Datasets:

Adherence
/

nuremberg-trials-complete

+{
+  "main_article": {
+    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials",
+    "title": "Nuremberg trials",
+    "infobox": {
+      "Indictment": "Conspiracy,crimes against peace,war crimes,crimes against humanity,mass murder,unethical human experimentation,false imprisonment,hate crimes",
+      "Started": "20 November 1945",
+      "Decided": "1 October 1946",
+      "Defendants": "24 (see list)",
+      "Witnesses": "37 prosecution, 83 defense",
+      "Transcripts": "Harvard Law SchoolYale Law School",
+      "Related actions": "Subsequent Nuremberg trialsInternational Military Tribunal for the Far East",
+      "Judges sitting": "Iona Nikitchenko(Soviet Union)Geoffrey Lawrence(UK)Francis Biddle(US)Donnedieu de Vabres(France)and deputies[b]"
+    },
+    "defendants": [],
+    "content": ""
+  },
+  "defendants": [
+    {
+      "name": "Hermann Göring",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Göring",
+      "infobox": {
+        "President": "Paul von Hindenburg(1932–1934)",
+        "Führer": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Chancellor": "Franz von Papen(1932)Kurt von Schleicher(1932–1933)Adolf Hitler (1933–1945)",
+        "Preceded by": "Franz von Papen(Reichskommissar)",
+        "Succeeded by": "Office abolished",
+        "Deputy": "Erhard Milch",
+        "Additional positions": "Additional positions1939–1945Chairman of theCouncil of Ministers for Defense of the Reich[2]1937–1938Reichsministerof Economics1936–1945Reich Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan[3]1934–1945Reichsministerof Forestry1933–1945Reichsministerof Aviation1933–1945President of thePrussian State Council1933–1945Member of theGreater German Reichstag1928–1933Member of theReichstag1923Oberster SA-Führer",
+        "1939–1945": "Chairman of theCouncil of Ministers for Defense of the Reich[2]",
+        "1937–1938": "Reichsministerof Economics",
+        "1936–1945": "Reich Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan[3]",
+        "1934–1945": "Reichsministerof Forestry",
+        "1933–1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "1928–1933": "Member of theReichstag",
+        "1923": "Oberster SA-Führer",
+        "": "",
+        "Born": "Hermann Wilhelm Göring(1893-01-12)12 January 1893Rosenheim, Germany",
+        "Died": "15 October 1946(1946-10-15)(aged 53)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Suicidebycyanide poisoning",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party(1922–1945)",
+        "Spouses": "Carin von Kantzow(m.1923; died 1931)Emmy Sonnemann(m.1935)",
+        "Children": "Edda Göring",
+        "Parent": "Heinrich Ernst Göring(father)",
+        "Relatives": "Albert Göring(brother)",
+        "Residence": "Carinhall",
+        "Alma mater": "University of Munich",
+        "Occupation": "Aviatorpolitician",
+        "Cabinet": "Hitler cabinet",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German EmpireNazi Germany",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German ArmyLuftstreitkräfteSturmabteilungLuftwaffe",
+        "Years of service": "1912–19181933–1945",
+        "Rank": "ReichsmarschallSA-ObergruppenführerReichsforst-undReichsjägermeister",
+        "Commands": "Jagdgeschwader1",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War IWorld War II",
+        "Awards": "Pour le MériteGrand Cross of the Iron Cross",
+        "Criminal status": "Deceased",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Rudolf Hess",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Führer": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Office established",
+        "Succeeded by": "Martin Bormann",
+        "Chancellor": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "1939–1941": "Member of theCouncil of Ministers for the Defense of the Reich[5]",
+        "June–September 1933": "Reichsleiterof theNazi Party",
+        "1933–1941": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag[6]",
+        "1932–1941": "Chairman of the Nazi Party's Central Political Committee[6]",
+        "Born": "Rudolf Walter Richard Hess(1894-04-26)26 April 1894Alexandria, Egypt",
+        "Died": "17 August 1987(1987-08-17)(aged 93)Spandau Prison,West Berlin,West Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Suicide by hanging",
+        "Resting place": "Friedhof Wunsiedel,Wunsiedel, Bavaria, Germany",
+        "Nationality": "German",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party(1920–1941)",
+        "Spouse": "Ilse Pröhl(m.1927)",
+        "Children": "Wolf Rüdiger Hess",
+        "Alma mater": "University of Munich",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German Empire",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German Army",
+        "Years of service": "1914–1918",
+        "Rank": "Leutnant der Reserve",
+        "Unit": "7th Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment1st Infantry Regiment",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War IFirst Battle of YpresBattle of VerdunRomanian Front",
+        "Awards": "Iron Cross, 2nd Class",
+        "Criminal status": "Deceased",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggression",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Life imprisonment"
+      },
+      "summary": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Joachim von Ribbentrop",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Chancellor": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Leopold von Hoesch",
+        "Succeeded by": "Herbert von Dirksen",
+        "Appointed by": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "1933–1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "Born": "Ulrich Friedrich-Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop(1893-04-30)30 April 1893Wesel,Kingdom of Prussia",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 53)Nuremberg,Allied-occupied Germany",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party(1932–1945)",
+        "Spouse": "Anna Elisabeth Henkell(m.1920)",
+        "Children": "5, includingRudolf von Ribbentrop",
+        "Profession": "Businessman, diplomat",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German Empire",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German Army",
+        "Years of service": "1914–1918",
+        "Unit": "12th Hussar Regiment",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War I",
+        "Criminal status": "Executedby hanging",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Ulrich Friedrich-Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop[1](German:[joˈʔaxɪmfɔnˈʁɪbəntʁɔp]; 30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a German Nazi politician, diplomat andconvicted war criminalwho served asMinister of Foreign AffairsofNazi Germanyfrom 1938 to 1945.\n\nRibbentrop first came toAdolf Hitler's notice as a well-travelled businessman with more knowledge of the outside world than most senior Nazis and as a perceived authority on foreign affairs.  He offered his houseSchloss Fuschlfor the secret meetings in January 1933 that resulted in Hitler's appointment asChancellor of Germany.  He became a close confidant of Hitler, to the dismay of some party members, who thought him unintelligent, superficial and lacking in talent. He was appointed ambassador to theCourt of St James's, the royal court of theUnited Kingdom, in 1936 and then Foreign Minister of Germany in February 1938.\n\nBeforeWorld War II, he played a key role in brokering thePact of Steel(an alliance withFascist Italy) and theMolotov–Ribbentrop Pact(the Nazi–Soviet non-aggression pact). He favoured retaining good relations with the Soviets, opposing theinvasion of the Soviet Union. In late 1941, due toAmerican aid to Britainand theincreasingly frequent \"incidents\"in the North Atlantic between U-boats and American warships guarding convoys to Britain, Ribbentrop worked for the failure of the Japanese-American talks in Washington and forJapanto attack theUnited States.[2]He did his utmost to support adeclaration of waron the United States after theattack on Pearl Harbor.[3]From 1941 onwards, Ribbentrop's influence declined.\n\nArrested in June 1945, Ribbentrop was convicted andsentenced to deathat theNuremberg trialsfor his role in starting World War II in Europe and enablingthe Holocaust. On 16 October 1946, he became the first of the Nuremberg defendants to beexecutedbyhanging."
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Wilhelm Keitel",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Keitel",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Preceded by": "Walter von Reichenau",
+        "Succeeded by": "Position abolished",
+        "Born": "Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel(1882-09-22)22 September 1882Helmscherode, Germany",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 64)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Spouse": "Lisa Fontaine(m.1909)",
+        "Relatives": "Bodewin Keitel(brother)",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Nickname": "\"Lakeitel\"",
+        "Allegiance": "Germany",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German ArmyReichsheerWehrmacht",
+        "Years of service": "1901–1945",
+        "Rank": "Generalfeldmarschall",
+        "Commands": "Oberkommando der Wehrmacht",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War IWorld War II",
+        "Awards": "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross",
+        "Criminal status": "Executedby hanging",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Ernst Kaltenbrunner",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Kaltenbrunner",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Appointed by": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Office established",
+        "Succeeded by": "Rudolf Querner",
+        "Leader": "Oskar Dressleras Secretary-general",
+        "April–May 1945": "Commander-in-chiefofSouthern Germany",
+        "1943–1945": "Commander of theEinsatzgruppen",
+        "1938–1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "March 1938": "State Secretary of Public Security of Austria",
+        "1931–1933": "District Speaker of theNazi PartyinUpper Austria",
+        "Born": "(1903-10-04)4 October 1903Ried im Innkreis, Austria-Hungary",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 43)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Execution by hanging",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Spouse": "Elisabeth Eder(m.1934)",
+        "Domestic partner": "Gisela Gräfin von Westarp",
+        "Children": "5",
+        "Alma mater": "University of Graz",
+        "Profession": "Lawyer",
+        "Cabinet": "Seyss-Inquart government",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "Nazi Germany",
+        "Branch": "Schutzstaffel(SS)",
+        "Service years": "1931–1945",
+        "Rank": "SS-Obergruppenführer",
+        "Criminal status": "Executed",
+        "Convictions": "War crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Ernst Kaltenbrunner(4 October 1903 – 16 October 1946) was an Austrian high-rankingSSofficial during theNazi era, major perpetrator ofthe Holocaustand convicted war criminal.  After theassassination of Reinhard Heydrichin 1942, and a brief period underHeinrich Himmler, Kaltenbrunner was the third Chief of theReich Security Main Office(RSHA), which included the offices ofGestapo,KripoandSD, from January 1943 until theend of World War II in Europe.\n\nKaltenbrunner joined theNazi Partyin 1930 and the SS in 1931, and by 1935 he was considered a leader of theAustrian SS. In 1938, he assisted in theAnschlussand was given command of the SS and police force in Austria. In January 1943, Kaltenbrunner was appointed chief of the RSHA, succeedingReinhard Heydrich, who was assassinated in May 1942.\n\nA committedantisemite, Kaltenbrunner played a pivotal role in orchestrating theHolocaust, which intensified under his leadership. He oversaw the coordination of security and law enforcement agencies involved in widespread extermination, the suppression of resistance movements in occupied territories, extensive arrests, deportations, and executions. He was the highest-ranking member of the SS to face trial (Himmler having died of suicide in May 1945) at theNuremberg trials, where he was found guilty ofwar crimesandcrimes against humanity. Kaltenbrunner was sentenced to death, and was executed by hanging on 16 October 1946.\n\nKaltenbrunner was born inRied im Innkreis, Austria, and growing up had a close relationship with his mother (born Theresia Utwardy).[1]His father Hugo was a lawyer, and Kaltenbrunner spent his early years and primary education inRaab, later attending theRealgymnasiuminLinz.[2]Raised in anationalistfamily, his ideological understanding of the world was shaped to some extent by thevölkischPan-Germanismmovement in Austria, since his father was an adherent to its ideals.[3]Like his father, the younger Kaltenbrunner's pan-Germanism—replete withantisemitismand the notion that political conflict was a racial struggle[4]—was cultivated in the nationalist student fraternities known asBurschenschaften.[5][a]Kaltenbrunner was incidentally also childhood friends withAdolf Eichmann, the infamous SS officer who later played a key role in implementing the Nazis' \"Final Solution\" against Europe's Jews.[7][b]\n\nAfter finishing gymnasium in 1921, Kaltenbrunner first studied chemistry at theUniversity of Graz, where his father had matriculated, but switched to law in 1923.[9]While studying at Graz, he joined the Arminia fraternity, became active in student politics, and participated in demonstrations againstMarxismand clerical influence.[10]He obtained his doctorate in 1926.[11]Kaltenbrunner then worked at a law firm inSalzburgfor a year before opening his own law office in Linz.[12]He haddeep scarson his face reportedly fromduellingin his student days, although some sources attribute them to a drunk-driving crash.[13][c]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alfred Rosenberg",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Preceded by": "Position established",
+        "Succeeded by": "Position abolished",
+        "Führer": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "1933–1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "1930–1933": "Member of theReichstag",
+        "Born": "Alfred Ernst Rosenberg(1893-01-12)12 January 1893Reval, Russian Empire",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 53)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Execution by hanging",
+        "Nationality": "Baltic German",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Spouses": "Hilda Leesmann(m.1915;div.1923)Hedwig Kramer(m.1925)",
+        "Children": "2",
+        "Education": "Engineering",
+        "Alma mater": "Riga Polytechnical InstituteMoscow Highest Technical School",
+        "Profession": "Architect, politician, writer",
+        "Known for": "AuthoringThe Myth of the Twentieth Century",
+        "Cabinet": "Hitler cabinet",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Criminal status": "Executed",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Alfred Ernst Rosenberg(12 January [O.S.31 December 1892] 1893 – 16 October 1946) was aBaltic German[1]Nazitheorist, theologian, ideologue andconvicted war criminal. Rosenberg was first introduced toAdolf HitlerbyDietrich Eckart, and he held several important posts in theNazi government. He was the head of theNSDAP Office of Foreign Affairsduring the entire rule ofNazi Germany(1933–1945), and ledAmt Rosenberg(\"Rosenberg's bureau\"), an official Nazi body forcultural policyandsurveillance, between 1934 and 1945. DuringWorld War II, Rosenberg was the head of theReich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories(1941–1945). He helped direct the mass murder of theSlavs. After the war, he was convicted ofcrimes against peace; planning, initiating and wagingwars of aggression;war crimes; andcrimes against humanityat theNuremberg trialsin 1946. He was sentenced to death by hanging andexecutedon 16 October 1946.\n\nThe author of a seminal work ofNazi ideology,The Myth of the Twentieth Century(1930), Rosenberg is considered one of the main authors of key Nazi ideological creeds, including itsracial theoryand its hatred of the Jewish people, the need forLebensraum, abrogation of theTreaty of Versailles, and opposition to what was considered \"degenerate\" modern art. He was also known for his hatred and rejection of what he regarded as \"negative\" Christianity;[2][3]however, he played an important role in the development of German nationalistPositive Christianity, which rejected the Old Testament.\n\nRosenberg was born on 12 January 1893 inReval(nowTallinn, Estonia), then in theGovernorate of Estoniaof theRussian Empire. His mother Elfriede (née Siré), who hadFrenchand German ancestry, was the daughter of Louise Rosalie (née Fabricius), born nearLeal(modernLihula, Estonia) in 1842, and of the railway official Friedrich August Siré, born inSaint Petersburg, Russia, in 1843.[4][5]Born in the same city in 1868, Elfriede Siré received the Christian sacrament ofConfirmationin Reval at 17 in 1885. She married Woldemar Wilhelm Rosenberg, a wealthy merchant from Reval, in theLutheran Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul(St-Petersburg) in 1886.[5]The young Rosenberg's mother died two months after his birth.[6][5]\n\nHis paternal grandfather, Martin Rosenberg, was a master shoemaker and elder of hisguild. Born inRigain 1820, and probably partly ofLatviandescent, he had moved to Reval in the 1850s, where he met Julie Elisabeth Stramm, born inJörden(now Estonia) in 1835. The two married in the German St. Nicholas parish of Reval in 1856.[4][5]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hans Frank",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Frank",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Preceded by": "Heinrich Spangenberger",
+        "Succeeded by": "Otto Georg Thierack",
+        "Chancellor": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "1933–1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "1930–1933": "Member of theReichstag",
+        "Born": "Hans Michael Frank(1900-05-23)23 May 1900Karlsruhe, Germany",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 46)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Other politicalaffiliations": "German Workers' Party(DAP)",
+        "Spouse": "Brigitte Herbst(m.1925)",
+        "Children": "5, includingNiklas",
+        "Alma mater": "University of MunichUniversity of Kiel",
+        "Profession": "Lawyer",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German Empire",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German Army",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War I",
+        "Criminal status": "Executedby hanging",
+        "Convictions": "War crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death",
+        "Span of crimes": "8 October 1939 – 19 January 1945",
+        "Targets": "Polish civiliansPolish Jews"
+      },
+      "summary": "Hans Michael Frank(23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a GermanNazipolitician, lawyer andconvicted war criminalwho served as the head of theGeneral Government, an entity created by Germany on part of theGerman-occupied Polish landsduring theSecond World War.\n\nBorn inKarlsruhe, Frank was an early member of theGerman Workers' Party(DAP), the precursor of theNazi Party(NSDAP). He took part in the failedBeer Hall Putsch, and later becameAdolf Hitler's personal legal adviser as well as the lawyer of the NSDAP. In June 1933, he was named as aReichsleiter(Reich Leader) of the party. In December 1934, Frank joined theHitler Cabinetas aReichsministerwithout portfolio.\n\nAfter the Germaninvasion of Polandin 1939, Frank was appointed Governor-General of the occupied Polish territories. During his tenure, he instituted a reign of terror against the civilian population and became directly involved in the mass murder of Jews.[1]He engaged in the use offorced labourand oversaw four of theextermination camps. Frank remained head of the General Government until its collapse in early 1945. During that time, over four million people were murdered under his jurisdiction.\n\nAfter the war, Frank was found guilty ofwar crimesandcrimes against humanityat theNuremberg trials. He was sentenced to death and executed by hanging in October 1946."
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Wilhelm Frick",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick",
+      "infobox": {
+        "President": "Paul von Hindenburg(1933–1934)Adolf Hitler(1934–1943; asFührer)",
+        "Chancellor": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Konstantin von Neurath(de jure)Kurt Daluege(de facto)",
+        "Succeeded by": "Position abolished",
+        "Appointed by": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "1939–1945": "Member of theCouncil of Ministers for the Defense of the Reich",
+        "1934–1945": "Member of thePrussian State Council",
+        "1933–1945": "Member of theReichstag (Nazi Germany)",
+        "1924–1933": "Member of theReichstag (Weimar Republic)",
+        "Born": "(1877-03-12)12 March 1877Alsenz, Germany",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 69)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Execution by hanging",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Spouses": "Elisabetha Emilie Nagel(m.1910;div.1934)Margarete Schultze-Naumburg(m.1934)",
+        "Children": "5",
+        "Alma mater": "University of MunichUniversity of GöttingenUniversity of BerlinUniversity of Heidelberg",
+        "Occupation": "Attorney",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Criminal status": "Executed",
+        "Convictions": "Crimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Wilhelm Frick(12 March 1877 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician of theNazi Party(NSDAP) andconvicted war criminal. He served asMinister of the InteriorinAdolf Hitler's cabinetfrom 1933 to 1943[3]and as the last governor of theProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.\n\nAs the head of theKriminalpolizei(criminal police) in Munich, Frick took part in Hitler's failedBeer Hall Putschof 1923, for which he was convicted ofhigh treason. He managed to avoid imprisonment and soon afterwards became a leading figure of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in theReichstag. In 1930, Frick became the first Nazi to hold a ministerial-level post at any level in Germany in Thuringia as state Minister of the Interior.\n\nAfter Hitler becameChancellor of Germanyin 1933, Frick joined the new government and was named Minister of the Interior. Additionally, on 21 May 1935, Frick was namedGeneralbevollmächtigter für die Reichsverwaltung(General Plenipotentiary for the Administration of the Reich).[4]He was instrumental in formulating laws that consolidated the Nazi regime (Gleichschaltung), as well as laws that defined theNazi racial policy, most notoriously theNuremberg Laws. On 30 August 1939, immediately prior to the outbreak of theSecond World War, Frick was appointed by Hitler to the six-personCouncil of Ministers for Defense of the Reichwhich operated as a war cabinet.[5]Following the rise of theSS, Frick gradually lost favour within the party, and in 1943 he was replaced byHeinrich Himmleras interior minister. Frick remained in the cabinet as a minister without portfolio until Hitler's death in 1945.\n\nAfter World War II, Frick was tried and convicted ofwar crimesat theNuremberg trialsandexecutedbyhanging."
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Julius Streicher",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Streicher",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Leader": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Office established",
+        "Succeeded by": "Himself",
+        "Born": "Julius Sebastian Streicher(1885-02-12)12 February 1885Fleinhausen, Germany",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 61)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party(1922–1945)",
+        "Other politicalaffiliations": "DSP(1919–1921)DWG(1921–1922)",
+        "Spouses": "Kunigunde Roth(m.1913; died 1943)Adele Tappe(m.1945)",
+        "Known for": "Publisher of propaganda",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German Empire",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German Army",
+        "Years of service": "1914–1918",
+        "Rank": "Leutnant",
+        "Unit": "6th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War I",
+        "Awards": "Iron Cross",
+        "Criminal status": "Executedby hanging",
+        "Conviction": "Crimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Julius Sebastian Streicher(12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a German publicist, politician andconvicted war criminal. A member of theNazi Party, he served as theGauleiter(regional leader) ofFranconiaand a member of theReichstag, the national legislature. He was the founder and publisher of the virulentlyantisemiticnewspaperDer Stürmer, which became a central element of theNazi propagandamachine. The publishing firm was financially very successful and made Streicher a multimillionaire.[1]\n\nAfter the war, Streicher was convicted ofcrimes against humanityduring theNuremberg trials. Specifically, he was found to have continued his vitriolic antisemitic propaganda when he was well aware that Jews were being murdered. For this, he was executed byhanging.[2]Streicher was the first member of theNaziregime held accountable forinciting genocideby the Nuremberg Tribunal.\n\nStreicher was born inFleinhausen, in theKingdom of Bavaria, one of nine children of the teacher Friedrich Streicher and his wife Anna (née Weiss). He worked as an elementary school teacher, as his father had. In 1913, Streicher married Kunigunde Roth, a baker's daughter, inNuremberg. They had two sons, Lothar (born 1915) and Elmar (born 1918).[3]\n\nStreicher joined theGerman Armyin 1914. For his outstanding combat performance during theFirst World War, he was awarded theIron Cross1st and 2nd Class, as well as earning a battlefield commission as an officer (lieutenant), despite having several reported instances of poor behaviour in his military record,[4]and at a time when officers were primarily from aristocratic families. Following the end of World War I, Streicher was demobilised and returned to Nuremberg.[5]Upon his return, Streicher took up another teaching position there but something unknown happened in 1919, which turned him into a \"radical anti-Semite\".[6]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Walther Funk",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Funk",
+      "infobox": {
+        "President": "Adolf Hitler(Führer)Karl Dönitz",
+        "Chancellor": "Adolf HitlerJoseph Goebbels",
+        "Preceded by": "Office established",
+        "Succeeded by": "Otto Dietrich",
+        "Appointed by": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Born": "(1890-08-18)18 August 1890Danzkehmen,East Prussia,German Empire",
+        "Died": "31 May 1960(1960-05-31)(aged 69)Düsseldorf,North Rhine-Westphalia,West Germany",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Spouse": "Luise Schmidt-Sieben",
+        "Education": "University of BerlinUniversity of Leipzig(LLD)",
+        "Profession": "Economist",
+        "Criminal status": "Deceased",
+        "Convictions": "Crimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Life imprisonment"
+      },
+      "summary": "Walther Immanuel Funk(18 August 1890 – 31 May 1960) was aGermaneconomist,Naziofficial andconvicted war criminalwho served asReichsministerfor the Economyfrom 1938 to 1945 and president of theReichsbankfrom 1939 to 1945. Funk oversaw themobilizationof the economy forGermany's rearmamentandWorld War II, and theexpropriationofassetsof victims fromNazi concentration camps.[2]He was convicted for crimes against humanity by theNuremberg Tribunal.\n\nFunk was afinancejournalistbefore joining the Nazi Party in 1931 and being appointed to a senior post at theMinistry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Funk was appointed as economics minister byAdolf Hitlerto replaceHjalmar Schacht, as well as a member of theCouncil of Ministers for the Defense of the Reichand theCentral Planning Board. Funk served as economics minister for nearly all of World War II until he was removed on 5 May 1945 after being left out of theFlensburg Government.[3]\n\nFunk was tried and convicted as a majorwar criminalby theInternational Military Tribunal at Nurembergafter the war and sentenced tolife in prison. Funk was incarcerated inWest Berlinuntil he was released on health grounds in 1957 and died three years later.\n\nWalther Immanuel Funk was born on 18 August 1890 inDanzkehmen(present-day Sosnovka inKaliningrad Oblast,Russia) nearTrakehnen,East Prussia, the son ofmerchantandentrepreneurWalther Funk and his wife Sophie (néeUrbschat). He was the only one of the Nuremberg defendants who was born in theformer eastern territories of Germany. Funk studied law, economics, and philosophy at theUniversity of Berlinand theUniversity of Leipzig, receiving his lawdoctoratein 1912. He subsequently trained as ajournalistat newspapersNational-ZeitunginBerlinandLeipziger Neueste NachrichteninLeipzig."
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hjalmar Schacht",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Führer": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Chancellor": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Hans Luther",
+        "Succeeded by": "Walther Funk",
+        "Born": "Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht(1877-01-22)22 January 1877Tingleff,German Empire",
+        "Died": "3 June 1970(1970-06-03)(aged 93)Munich,West Germany",
+        "Resting place": "MunichOstfriedhof",
+        "Party": "German Democratic Party(1918–1926)Independent (1926–1970)Nazi Party(1937–1943; as honorary member)",
+        "Spouses": "Luise Sowa(m.1903; died 1940)Manci Vogler(m.1941)",
+        "Children": "Cordula Schacht[1]",
+        "Education": "University of MunichUniversity of LeipzigUniversity of BerlinUniversity of ParisKiel University(PhD)",
+        "Profession": "Banker, economist",
+        "Awards": "Golden Party Badge",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Nickname": "The Dark Wizard of International Finance[2]"
+      },
+      "summary": "Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht(German:[ˈjalmaʁˈʃaxt]; 22 January 1877 – 3 June 1970) was a German economist, banker, politician, and co-founder of theGerman Democratic Party. He served as the Currency Commissioner and President of theReichsbankduring theWeimar Republic. He was a fierce critic of his country's post-World War I reparationsobligations. He was also central in helping create thegroup of German industrialists and landownersthatpushed Hindenburg to appoint the first Nazi-led government.\n\nHe served inAdolf Hitler's government as President of the Central Bank (Reichsbank) 1933–1939 and as Minister of Economics (August 1934 – November 1937).\n\nWhile Schacht was for a time feted for his role in the German \"economic miracle\", he opposed elements of Hitler's policy ofGerman re-armamentinsofar as it violated theTreaty of Versaillesand (in his view) disrupted the German economy. His views in this regard led Schacht to clash with Hitler andHermann Göring.[citation needed]He resigned as President of the Reichsbank in January 1939. He remained as a minister without portfolio and received the same salary until he left the government in January 1943.[3]\n\nIn 1944, Schacht was arrested by theGestapofollowing theassassination attempt on Hitler on 20 July 1944because he allegedly had contact with the assassins. Subsequently, he was interned in the Ravensbrück, Flossenbürg, and Dachau concentration camps. In the final days of the war, he was one of the 139 special and clan prisoners[a]who weretransportedby the SS fromDachautoSouth Tyrol. This location is within the area named by Himmler the \"Alpine Fortress\", and it is speculated that the purpose of the prisoner transport was the intent of holding hostages. They were freed inNiederdorf, South Tyrolon 30 April 1945.[5]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Karl Dönitz",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Dönitz",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Head of Government": "Joseph Goebbels[b]Lutz von Krosigk[c]",
+        "Preceded by": "Erich Raeder",
+        "Succeeded by": "Hans-Georg von Friedeburg",
+        "Deputy": "Eberhard Godt",
+        "Born": "(1891-09-16)16 September 1891Grünau, Germany",
+        "Died": "24 December 1980(1980-12-24)(aged 89)Aumühle, West Germany",
+        "Resting place": "Munich Waldfriedhof, Aumühle",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party[2]",
+        "Spouse": "Ingeborg Weber(m.1916; died 1962)",
+        "Children": "3",
+        "Cabinet": "Hitler's cabinetGoebbels cabinetFlensburg Government",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Nickname(s)": "Der Löwe(The Lion)[3]Onkel Karl(Uncle Karl)[3]",
+        "Allegiance": "German EmpireWeimar RepublicNazi Germany",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German NavyReichsmarineKriegsmarine",
+        "Years of service": "1910–19181920–1945",
+        "Rank": "Großadmiral",
+        "Commands": "SMUC-25SMUB-68Emden1st U-boat FlotillaFührer der UnterseebooteBefehlshaber der U-BooteOberkommando der MarineSupreme Commander of theWehrmacht",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War IWorld War IIBattle of the AtlanticConvoy Battles of World War II",
+        "Awards": "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves",
+        "Convictions": "Crimes of aggressionWar crimes",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "10 years imprisonment",
+        "Imprisoned at": "Spandau Prison"
+      },
+      "summary": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Erich Raeder",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Raeder",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Deputy": "Rolf Carls",
+        "Preceded by": "Hans Zenker",
+        "Succeeded by": "Himself(as Oberbefehlshaber der Marine)",
+        "Born": "Erich Johann Albert Raeder(1876-04-24)24 April 1876Wandsbek,Schleswig-Holstein,Prussia,Germany",
+        "Died": "6 November 1960(1960-11-06)(aged 84)[1]Kiel,Schleswig-Holstein,West Germany",
+        "Resting place": "Nordfriedhof cemetery, Kiel[2][3]",
+        "Spouse": "Augusta Schultz",
+        "Children": "4",
+        "Parents": "Hans Friedrich Eduard Raeder (father)Gertrud Wilhelmine Margaretha(mother)",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German EmpireWeimar RepublicNazi Germany",
+        "Branch": "Imperial German NavyReichsmarineKriegsmarine",
+        "Service years": "1894–1943",
+        "Rank": "Großadmiral",
+        "Commands": "SMSCöln",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War IRaid on YarmouthRaid on HartlepoolBattle of Dogger BankBombardment ofLowestoftBattle of JutlandAction of 19 August 1916World War II",
+        "Awards": "See below",
+        "Criminal status": "Deceased",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracyto commitcrimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimes",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Life imprisonment"
+      },
+      "summary": "Erich Johann Albert Raeder([ˈeːʁɪçˈʁɛːdɐ]; 24 April 1876 – 6 November 1960)[1]was a German admiral who played a major role in thenaval history of World War IIand was convicted ofwar crimesafter the war. He attained the highest possible naval rank, that ofgrand admiral, in 1939. Raeder led theKriegsmarinefor the first half of the war; he resigned in January 1943 and was replaced byKarl Dönitz. At theNuremberg trialshe was sentenced tolife imprisonmentbut was released early owing to failing health in 1955.\n\nRaeder was born into a middle-classProtestantfamily inWandsbekin thePrussianprovince ofSchleswig-Holsteinin theGerman Empire. His father was a headmaster.\n\nRaeder idolised his father Hans Raeder, who as a teacher and a father was noted for his marked authoritarian views, and who impressed upon his son the values of hard work, thrift, religion and discipline – all of which Raeder was to preach throughout his life.[4]Hans Raeder also taught his children to support the existing government of alleged \"non-political\" experts led by Bismarck who were said to stand \"above politics\" and were alleged to only do what was best for Germany.[4]In the same way, Hans Raeder warned his children that if Germany were to become a democracy, that would be a disaster as it would mean government by men \"playing politics\"-doing what was only best for their petty sectarian interests instead of the nation.[4]\n\nLike many other middle-class Germans of his time, Hans Raeder strongly disliked theSocial Democrats, whom he accused of playing \"party politics\" in theReichstagby promoting working class interests instead of thinking about the national good, a stance that his son also adopted.[5]Throughout his entire life, Raeder claimed that he wasapolitisch(someone who was \"above politics\", i.e. only thought about the good of the nation instead of his party), and as an \"apolitical\" officer, Raeder thus maintained that his support for sea power was based upon objective consideration of the national good.[5]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Baldur von Schirach",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Deputy": "Karl NabersbergHartmann LauterbacherArtur Axmann",
+        "Preceded by": "Josef Bürckel",
+        "Succeeded by": "Office abolished",
+        "Leader": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "1944–1945": "Commander of theVolkssturminReichsgau Wien",
+        "1940–1945": "Deputy to theFührerfor Inspection of theHitler Youth",
+        "1933–1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "1932-1933": "Member of theReichstag",
+        "Born": "Baldur Benedikt von Schirach(1907-05-09)9 May 1907Berlin, Germany",
+        "Died": "8 August 1974(1974-08-08)(aged 67)Kröv, West Germany",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Spouse": "Henriette Hoffmann(m.1932;div.1949)",
+        "Children": "4, includingRichard von Schirach",
+        "Civilian awards": "Hitler Youth Golden Honour Badge with Diamonds and RubiesGolden Party Badge",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "Nazi Germany",
+        "Branch/service": "German Army",
+        "Years of service": "1939–1940",
+        "Rank": "Leutnant",
+        "Unit": "Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland",
+        "Battles/wars": "Battle of France",
+        "Military awards": "Iron Cross, 2nd class",
+        "Conviction": "Crimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "20 years imprisonment"
+      },
+      "summary": "Baldur Benedikt von Schirach(German pronunciation:[ˈbaldʊʁˈbeːnedɪktfɔnˈʃiːʁax]; 9 May 1907 – 8 August 1974) was a GermanNazipolitician andconvicted war criminalwho was the leader (Reichsjugendführer) of theHitler Youthfrom 1931 to 1940. From 1940 to 1945, he was theGauleiter(district leader) andReichsstatthalter(Reich governor) ofVienna.\n\nA member of theNazi Partyfrom the age of 18, Schirach was named national youth leader of the party in 1931. In 1932, he was elected as a deputy to theReichstag. After Adolf Hitler becameChancellor of Germanyin 1933, he was appointedJugendführer(Youth Leader) of the German Reich, responsible for all youth organizations in the nation. In 1940, Schirach saw action as an infantryman in theFrench Campaign, for which he was awarded theIron Cross, 2nd Class. In 1940, Schirach was appointedGauleiterof the Reichsgau Vienna;Artur Axmannsucceeded him as leader of the Hitler Youth. A virulentantisemite, he was responsible for deporting 65,000Viennese Jewsto variousNazi concentration campsinGerman-occupied Poland.\n\nIn April 1945, facingRed Armyadvance, Schirach fled from Vienna toTyrol, where he later surrendered to American forces. At theNuremberg trials, he was convicted ofcrimes against humanityand sentenced to 20 years in prison. After completing his sentence atSpandauin 1966, Schirach retired to southern Germany. He died in 1974 at the age of 67.\n\nSchirach was born inBerlin, the youngest of four children of theatre director, grand ducal chamberlain and retired captain of the cavalryCarl Baily Norris von Schirach(1873–1948) and hisAmericanwife Emma Middleton Lynah Tillou (1872–1944), a descendant ofArthur Middleton, one of the founding fathers of the United States.[1]: Ch 1A member of thenobleSchirach family, ofSorbianWest Slavicorigins, three of his four grandparents were from the United States, chiefly fromPennsylvania.[2]English was the first language he learned at home and he did not learn to speak German until the age of six.[3]He had two sisters, Viktoria Benedikta[4][3]and the opera singerRosalind von Schirach, and a brother, Karl Benedict von Schirach. His brother committed suicide in 1919 at the age of 19.[1]: Ch 2"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Fritz Sauckel",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Sauckel",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Appointed by": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Erwin Baum",
+        "Succeeded by": "Willy Marschler",
+        "Prime Minister": "Willy Marschler",
+        "1935—1937": "ActingReichsstatthalterof theFree State of Anhalt",
+        "1935–1937": "ActingReichsstatthalterof theFree State of Brunswick",
+        "1933—1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "1929—1934": "Member of theLandtag of Thuringia",
+        "Born": "(1894-10-27)27 October 1894Haßfurt, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 51)Nuremberg Prison, Bavaria, Allied-occupied Germany",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Spouse": "Elisabeth Wetzel",
+        "Children": "10",
+        "Occupation": "Merchantsailor",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Criminal status": "Executed by hanging",
+        "Convictions": "War crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Ernst Friedrich Christoph Sauckel(27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a GermanNazipolitician andconvicted war criminal. As GeneralPlenipotentiaryfor Labour Deployment (Arbeitseinsatz) from March 1942 until the end of theSecond World War, he oversaw the mobilization offorced labourfor the benefit of the German war effort.\n\nBorn inHaßfurtin Bavaria, Sauckel worked as a seaman from a young age. During theFirst World War, he was interned in France as anenemy alien. He joined theNazi Partyin 1923 and established himself as a leading party organiser inThuringia. He was appointedGauleiterof Thuringia in 1927 and, following Hitler's appointment as chancellor,Reichsstatthalterin 1933; he would retain both positions until the end of the Nazi regime.\n\nDuring the Second World War, Sauckel was responsible for regional defense until 1942, when he was appointed General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment, working directly underHermann Göring'sFour Year Planoffice. In this capacity, he deported some five million workers from occupied territories for forced labour in German industries, often by brutal coercion. In addition, he authorized the use ofprisoners of warin response to ever-increasing demands.\n\nAt the end of the war, Sauckel was arrested by American troops inSalzburg. He was among the24 major war criminalsaccused in theNuremberg trialsbefore the International Military Tribunal. He was found guilty ofwar crimesandcrimes against humanity, sentenced to death, and executed by hanging in October 1946.\n\nBorn inHaßfurt(Kingdom of Bavaria), as the only child of a postman and a seamstress, Sauckel attended the localvolksschuleand thegymnasiuminSchweinfurt,  leaving in 1909 without graduating when his mother fell ill. He joined themerchant marineofNorwayandSwedenwhen he was 15, first on a Norwegian three-mastedschooner, and later on Swedish and German vessels. Starting off as acabin boy, he went on to sail throughout the world, rising to the rank ofVollmatrose(able seaman). At the outbreak ofWorld War Iin 1914, he was on a German vesselen routetoAustraliawhen the vessel was captured by French naval forces. He was subsequentlyinternedas anenemy alienin France from August 1914 until 20 October 1919. While interned, he studied mathematics, languages and economics.[1]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Alfred Jodl",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Jodl",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Deputy": "Walter Warlimont",
+        "Preceded by": "Wilhelm Keitel",
+        "Succeeded by": "Office abolished",
+        "Born": "Alfred Josef Baumgärtler(1890-05-10)10 May 1890Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 56)Nuremberg Prison, Bavaria, Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Execution by hanging",
+        "Spouses": "Irma Gräfin von Bullion[1](m.1913; died 1944)Luise von Benda[2](m.1945)",
+        "Relations": "Ferdinand Jodl(brother)",
+        "Relatives": "Friedrich Jodl(uncle)",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German EmpireWeimar RepublicNazi Germany",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German ArmyReichswehrGerman Army",
+        "Years of service": "1910–1945",
+        "Rank": "Generaloberst",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War IWorld War II",
+        "Awards": "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross",
+        "Criminal status": "Executed",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl(German:[ˈjoːdl̩]ⓘ; bornAlfred Josef Baumgärtler;[3]10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a GermanArmyGeneraloberst(the rank was equal to a four-star full general) andconvictedwar criminal,  who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of theOberkommando der Wehrmacht– the German Armed Forces High Command – throughoutWorld War II.\n\nAfter the war, Jodl was indicted on charges of conspiracy to commitcrimes against peace, planning, initiating and wagingwars of aggression,war crimes, andcrimes against humanityat the Allied-organizedNuremberg trials. The principal charges against him related to his signing of the criminalCommandoandCommissar Orders. Found guilty on all charges, he was sentenced to death andexecuted in Nurembergin 1946.\n\nAlfred Jodl was educated at a military cadet school inMunich, from which he graduated in 1910.Ferdinand Jodl, who also became an army general, was his younger brother. He was the nephew of philosopher and psychologistFriedrich Jodlat theUniversity of Vienna.[4]Jodl was raised Roman Catholic but rejected the faith later in life.[5]\n\nFrom 1914 to 1916, he served with a field artillery regiment on theWestern Front, being awarded theIron Cross2nd Class for gallantry in November 1914, and for being wounded in action. In 1917, he served briefly on theEastern Frontbefore returning to the West as a staff officer. In 1918, he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class for gallantry in action. After the defeat of the German Empire in 1918, he continued his career as a professional soldier with the much-reduced German Army (Reichswehr).[6]Jodl married twice: in 1913 and (after becoming a widower) in 1944.[7]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Franz von Papen",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_von_Papen",
+      "infobox": {
+        "President": "Paul von Hindenburg",
+        "Preceded by": "Theodor Roeingh",
+        "Succeeded by": "Kurt von Schleicher",
+        "Nominated by": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Chancellor": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Constituency": "DNVPNational List",
+        "Born": "Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen(1879-10-29)29 October 1879Werl,Prussia, Germany",
+        "Died": "2 May 1969(1969-05-02)(aged 89)Sasbach,Baden-Württemberg, West Germany",
+        "Resting place": "Wallerfangen, Germany",
+        "Party": "Centre Party(1918–1932)Independent(1932–1938)Nazi Party(NSDAP; 1938–1945)",
+        "Spouse": "Martha von Boch-Galhau(m.1905; died 1961)",
+        "Children": "5",
+        "Alma mater": "Preußische Hauptkadettenanstalt",
+        "Profession": "Politician/Diplomat,military officer",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German Empire",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German Army",
+        "Years of service": "1898–1919",
+        "Rank": "Oberstleutnant",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War IWestern FrontBattle of the SommeBattle of Vimy RidgeMiddle Eastern theatreSinai and Palestine Campaign",
+        "Awards": "Iron Cross, 1st ClassWar Merit Cross"
+      },
+      "summary": "Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen,Erbsälzerzu Werl und Neuwerk(German:[ˈfʁantsfɔnˈpaːpn̩]ⓘ; 29 October 1879[citation needed]– 2 May 1969) was a German politician, diplomat, Prussian nobleman and army officer. Anational conservative, he served asChancellor of Germanyin 1932, and then asVice-ChancellorunderAdolf Hitlerfrom 1933 to 1934. A committedmonarchist, Papen is largely remembered for his role inbringing Hitler to power.\n\nBorn into a wealthy and powerful family ofWestphalianCatholicaristocrats, Papen served in thePrussian Armyfrom 1898 onward and was trained as an officer of theGerman General Staff. He served as amilitary attachéin Mexico and the United States from 1913 to 1915, while also covertly organising acts ofsabotagein the United States and quietly backing and financing Mexican forces in theMexican Revolutionon behalf of Germanmilitary intelligence. After being expelled aspersona non grataby theUnited States State Departmentin 1915, he served as a battalion commander on theWestern FrontofWorld War Iand finished his war service in theMiddle Eastern theatreas a lieutenant colonel.\n\nAsked to become chancellor of theWeimar Republicby PresidentPaul von Hindenburgin 1932, Papen ruled bypresidential decree. He launched thePreußenschlagcoup against theSocial Democratic Party-led Government in theFree State of Prussia. His failure to secure a base of support in theReichstagled to his removal by Hindenburg and replacement by his former ally, GeneralKurt von Schleicher.\n\nDetermined to return to power, Papen, believing thatAdolf Hitlercould be controlled once he was in the government, pressured Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as chancellor and Papen as vice-chancellor in 1933 in a cabinet ostensibly not underNazi Partydomination. Seeingmilitary dictatorshipas the only alternative to a Nazi Party chancellor, Hindenburg consented. Papen and his allies were quickly marginalized by Hitler and he left the government after theNight of the Long Knivesin 1934, during which the Nazis placed him underhouse arrest, ransacked his office and murdered some of his close associates."
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Arthur Seyss-Inquart",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart",
+      "infobox": {
+        "President": "Wilhelm Miklas",
+        "Vice-Chancellor": "Edmund Glaise-Horstenau",
+        "Preceded by": "Alexander von Falkenhausen(as Military Governor)",
+        "Succeeded by": "Office abolished",
+        "Governor-General": "Hans Frank",
+        "April–May 1945": "Reichsministerof Foreign Affairs",
+        "1939–1945": "Reichsministerwithout portfolio",
+        "1938–1945": "Member of theGreater German Reichstag",
+        "March 1938": "Minister of Defence of Austria",
+        "February–March 1938": "Minister of the Interior of Austria",
+        "1937–1938": "State Councillor of Austria",
+        "Born": "(1892-07-22)22 July 1892Stannern, Austria-Hungary",
+        "Died": "16 October 1946(1946-10-16)(aged 54)Nuremberg, Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Execution by hanging",
+        "Party": "Independent(1933–1938)Nazi Party(1938–1945)",
+        "Spouse": "Gertrud Maschka(m.1916)",
+        "Children": "3",
+        "Cabinet": "Seyss-Inquart",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "Austria-Hungary",
+        "Branch/service": "Austro-Hungarian Army",
+        "Years of service": "1914–1918",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War I",
+        "Criminal status": "Executed",
+        "Convictions": "Crimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death"
+      },
+      "summary": "Arthur Seyss-Inquart(German:Seyß-Inquart;Austrian German pronunciation:[ˈartuːɐ̯saɪsˈɪŋkvart]; 22 July 1892 –  16 October 1946) was an AustrianNazipolitician andconvicted war criminalwho served asChancellor of Austriain 1938 for two days before theAnschluss. His positions inNazi Germanyincluded deputy governor toHans Frankin theGeneral Government of Occupied Poland, andReichskommissarfor theGerman-occupied Netherlands. In the latter role, he shared responsibility for thedeportation of Dutch Jewsand the shooting of hostages.[1]\n\nDuringWorld War I, Seyss-Inquart fought for theAustro-Hungarian Armywith distinction. After the war he became a successful lawyer, and went on to join the governments ofChancellorsEngelbert DollfussandKurt Schuschnigg. In 1938, Schuschnigg resigned in the face of a German invasion, and Seyss-Inquart was appointed his successor. The newly installed Nazis proceeded to transfer power to Germany, and Austria subsequently became the German province ofOstmark, with Seyss-Inquart as its governor (Reichsstatthalter).\n\nDuringWorld War II, Seyss-Inquart served briefly as the Deputy Governor General inoccupied Polandand, following the fall of theLow Countriesin 1940, he was appointedReichskommissarof theoccupied Netherlands. He was a member of theSchutzstaffel(SS) and held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer. He instituted a reign of terror, with Dutch civilians subjected to forced labour and the vast majority of Dutch Jews deported and murdered.[2]\n\nAt theNuremberg trials, Seyss-Inquart was found guilty ofwar crimesandcrimes against humanity, sentenced to death, andexecutedby hanging.[3][4]\n\nSeyss-Inquart was born in 1892 inStannern(Czech:Stonařov), a German-speaking village in the neighbourhood of the predominantly German-speaking town ofIglau(Czech:Jihlava). This area constituted a German linguistic island in the midst of a Czech-speaking region; this may have contributed to the outspoken national consciousness of the family, and the young Arthur in particular. Iglau was an important town inMoravia, one of theCzech provincesof theAustro-Hungarian Empire, in which there was increasing rivalry betweenGermansandCzechs. His parents were the school principal Emil Zajtich (who changed his surname to Seyss-Inquart) and Augusta Hirenbach. His father was Czech and his mother was German.[5]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Albert Speer",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Speer",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Führer": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Position created",
+        "Succeeded by": "Position abolished",
+        "Head of state": "Karl Dönitz",
+        "Head of government": "Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk",
+        "Born": "Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer(1905-03-19)19 March 1905Mannheim, Germany",
+        "Died": "1 September 1981(1981-09-01)(aged 76)London, England",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party(1931–1945)",
+        "Education": "Technische Universität BerlinTechnical University of MunichUniversity of Karlsruhe",
+        "Profession": "Architect, government official, author",
+        "Cabinet": "Hitler cabinetSchwerin von Krosigk cabinet",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Convictions": "War crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "20 years imprisonment",
+        "Targets": "Millions ofslave laborers;Soviet prisoners of warand others",
+        "Imprisoned at": "Spandau Prison"
+      },
+      "summary": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Konstantin von Neurath",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Appointed by": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Preceded by": "Heinrich Brüning",
+        "Succeeded by": "Joachim von Ribbentrop",
+        "President": "Paul von HindenburgAdolf Hitler(asFührer)",
+        "Chancellor": "Franz von PapenKurt von SchleicherAdolf Hitler",
+        "Born": "Konstantin Hermann Karl von Neurath(1873-02-02)2 February 1873Kleinglattbach, German Empire",
+        "Died": "14 August 1956(1956-08-14)(aged 83)Enzweihingen, West Germany",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party(1937–1945)",
+        "Spouse": "Marie Auguste Moser von Filseck(m.1901)",
+        "Children": "2",
+        "Alma mater": "Friedrich Wilhelm UniversityUniversity of Tübingen",
+        "Occupation": "Diplomat",
+        "Profession": "Lawyer",
+        "Cabinet": "Hitler Cabinet",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Allegiance": "German Empire",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German Army",
+        "Years of service": "1914–1916",
+        "Unit": "Grenadier Regiment \"Queen Olga\" (26th Division)",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War I",
+        "Awards": "Iron Cross, 1st classWound Badge",
+        "Criminal status": "Deceased",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "15 years imprisonment"
+      },
+      "summary": "Konstantin Hermann Karl Freiherr[1]von Neurath(2 February 1873 – 14 August 1956) was a German politician, diplomat andconvictedNaziwar criminal who served asForeign Minister of Germanybetween 1932 and 1938.\n\nBorn to aSwabiannoble family, Neurath began his diplomatic career in 1901. He fought inWorld War Iand was awarded theIron Crossfor his service. After the war, Neurath served asministerto Denmark,ambassadorto Italy and ambassador to Britain. In 1932, he was appointed Foreign Minister by ChancellorFranz von Papen, and he continued to hold the post underAdolf Hitler.\n\nIn the early years of theNaziregime, Neurath was regarded as playing a key role in Hitler's foreign policy pursuits in undermining theTreaty of Versaillesand in territorial expansion in the prelude toWorld War II. However, he was often averse to Hitler's aims for tactical, not necessarily ideological, reasons. That aversion eventually induced Hitler to replace Neurath in 1938 with the more compliantJoachim von Ribbentrop, a fervent Nazi. Neurath served asReich Protector of Bohemia and Moraviabetween 1939 and 1943, but his authority was only nominal after September 1941.\n\nNeurath was tried as a war criminal at theNuremberg trialsand was sentenced to 15 years in prison for his compliance and actions in Nazi Germany. He received an early release in 1954 and then retired to his family estate, where he died two years later."
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Hans Fritzsche",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Fritzsche",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Born": "(1900-04-21)21 April 1900Bochum,Province of Westphalia,Kingdom of Prussia,German Empire",
+        "Died": "27 September 1953(1953-09-27)(aged 53)Cologne,North Rhine-Westphalia,West Germany",
+        "Nationality": "German",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Other politicalaffiliations": "German National People's Party",
+        "Spouse": "Hildegard Fritzsche",
+        "Alma mater": "University of GreifswaldHumboldt University of Berlin",
+        "Occupation": "Ministerialdirektorin theMinistry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda",
+        "Profession": "Journalist, Government Official",
+        "Allegiance": "German Empire",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German Army",
+        "Years of service": "1917–1918",
+        "Rank": "Soldat",
+        "Battles/wars": "World War I"
+      },
+      "summary": "August Franz Anton Hans Fritzsche(21 April 1900 – 27 September 1953)[1]was a German journalist and broadcaster who was theMinisterialdirektorat theReich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and PropagandaofNazi Germany. He was the preeminent German broadcaster of his time, as part of efforts to present a more popular and entertaining side of the Nazi regime, and his voice was recognised by the majority of Germans.[1]\n\nAfter serving in theImperial German Armyin theFirst World War, Fritzsche joinedAlfred Hugenberg'sGerman National People's Party. He began his broadcasting career in 1932, and a year later his agency was incorporated intoJoseph Goebbels's Propaganda Ministry, upon which he also became a member of theNazi Party. He became head of the ministry's Press Division in 1938, and head of the Radio Division in 1942. Despite his prominence in German radio, Fritzsche played no significant role in the formulation of policy.\n\nFritzsche was present in the BerlinFührerbunkerduring the last days ofAdolf Hitler. After Hitler's death, he surrendered to theRed Army. He was indicted for war crimes in theNuremberg trialsbefore the International Military Tribunal but was acquitted of all charges. In January 1947, a Germandenazificationcourt sentenced him to nine years of hard labour. He was released under an amnesty in 1950 and died three years later.\n\nFritzsche was born inBochum(a city in theRuhrregion) to a Prussian postal clerk. He volunteered in theGerman Armyin 1917 as a private soldier,[2]and served in Flanders. After the war, he studied at the universities ofGreifswaldandBerlin, but did not pass his examinations.[3]In 1923 he joined the conservativeGerman National People's Partyheaded byAlfred Hugenbergand also became a journalist for the Hugenberg Press, which promoted nationalistic opinions not very different from the Nazis.[2]In September 1932, he began his broadcasting career as head of theDrahtloser Dienst(the Wireless News service, a government agency), and started his first broadcast, a daily program called \"Hans Fritzsche speaking\" (Es spricht Hans Fritzsche).[4]\n\nFollowing theNazi seizure of power, the Wireless News service with Fritzsche as its head, was incorporated intoJoseph Goebbels'Propaganda Ministryon 1 May 1933. Fritzsche joined the Nazi Party that same day.[3]He later joined theSturmabteilung(SA). He also was made a member of theAcademy for German Law.[5]In 1938, Fritzsche became head of the Press Division. In November 1942, he became head of the Radio Division. Fritzsche had no involvement in creating policy.[4]During the war, Fritzsche was Germany's most prominent radio commentator.[6]"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Martin Bormann",
+      "wiki_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Bormann",
+      "infobox": {
+        "Preceded by": "Rudolf Hess(asDeputyFührer)",
+        "Succeeded by": "Office abolished",
+        "Führer": "Adolf Hitler",
+        "Deputy": "Gerhard Klopfer",
+        "DeputyFührer": "Rudolf Hess",
+        "January–August 1943": "Member of the \"Committee of Three\"",
+        "1941–1945": "Reichsministerwithout portfolio",
+        "1933–1945": "Manager of theAdolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry",
+        "Born": "Martin Ludwig Bormann(1900-06-17)17 June 1900Wegeleben, Germany",
+        "Died": "2 May 1945(1945-05-02)(aged 44)Berlin, Germany",
+        "Cause of death": "Suicidebyhydrogen cyanide",
+        "Party": "Nazi Party",
+        "Spouse": "Gerda Buch(m.1929)",
+        "Children": "10, includingMartin Adolf Bormann",
+        "Relatives": "Walter Buch(father-in-law)Albert Bormann(brother)",
+        "Cabinet": "Hitler cabinetGoebbels cabinet",
+        "Signature": "",
+        "Nickname": "Brown Eminence",
+        "Branch/service": "Imperial German ArmySchutzstaffel",
+        "Years of service": "1918–19191927–1945",
+        "Rank": "SS-Obergruppenführer",
+        "Unit": "55th Field Artillery Regiment",
+        "Service number": "278,267 (SS)",
+        "Criminal status": "Deceased before arraignment",
+        "Convictions": "Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity",
+        "Trial": "Nuremberg trials",
+        "Criminal penalty": "Death-in-Absentia"
+      },
+      "summary": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "wikidata": []
+}