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README.md
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-orange" alt="license">
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</p>
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## π― Why IRIS?
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Current image generation models face critical limitations:
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### π¬ Key Innovations
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#### 1. GRFM (Gated Recurrent Fourier Mixer) β Novel Token Mixing
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- **Fourier Global Pathway** (O(N log N)): `RFFT2 β Block-diagonal MLP β SoftShrink β IRFFT2`
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- **Gated Linear Recurrence** (O(N)): Bidirectional RG-LRU scan
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- `h_t = a_t β h_{t-1} + β(1 - a_tΒ²) β (i_t β x_t)`
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- Captures sequential dependencies with O(1) state per position
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- **Manhattan Spatial Gate**: Per-head learnable spatial decay
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- `D_{nm} = Ξ³_head^(|x_n-x_m| + |y_n-y_m|)`
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- Provides 2D inductive bias with multi-scale receptive fields
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The three pathways are merged via **learned adaptive gating**:
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```
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output = gate Γ x_fourier + (1 - gate) Γ x_recurrent + Ξ± Γ x_spatial
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```
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#### 2. Recurrent Depth Core (Huginn paradigm, novel for images)
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- **
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- Iteration-aware conditioning via adaLN: the model learns different behavior at each depth
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#### 3. Wavelet-Frequency Latent Space
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- Haar DWT
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- 16Γ total spatial compression with wavelet transform
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#### 4. Dual-Axis Recurrence (Novel)
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- Recurrence over
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- Recurrence over **computational depth** (core iterations, inner loop)
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- New paradigm: both axes share the same network, with different conditioning
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## π Model Variants
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| Variant | Generator Params | Total
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|---------|-----------------|-------------
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| **IRIS-Tiny** | 19M |
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| **IRIS-Small** | 47M |
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| **IRIS-Base** | 135M |
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### Effective Capacity via Recurrent Depth
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| Model | Unique Params | r=4 iterations | r=8 | r=12 | r=16 |
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|-------|--------------|----------------|-----|------|------|
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| IRIS-Small (48M) | 48M | ~143M effective | ~270M effective | ~397M effective | ~524M effective |
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**48M parameters behave like 270-524M** depending on iteration budget!
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## π§ Quick Start
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```python
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from iris_model import create_iris_small
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# Create model
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model = create_iris_small()
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# Generate with text conditioning
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import torch
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text_tokens = torch.randn(1, 77, 768) # Replace with CLIP-L/14 embeddings
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# Fast mobile inference (4 iterations, 4 steps)
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# Quality inference (8 iterations, 4 steps)
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images = model.generate(text_tokens, num_steps=4, num_iterations=8)
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# Training step (rectified flow)
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images_input = torch.randn(1, 3, 512, 512)
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result = model.train_step(images_input, text_tokens)
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print(f"Loss: {result['loss'].item():.4f}")
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```
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## π Mathematical Foundations
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### Rectified Flow Training
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```
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z_t = (1-t)Β·zβ + tΒ·Ξ΅
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w(t) = t/(1-t) (SNR reweighting)
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t ~ Logit-Normal(0, 1) (concentrate on hard timesteps)
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```
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### GRFM
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```
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x_out = IRFFT2(x_freq) # Back to spatial domain
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```
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### GRFM: RG-LRU Gated Recurrence Pathway
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```
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a_t = Ο(Ξ)^(cΒ·Ο(W_aΒ·x_t)) # Data-dependent decay (c=8)
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i_t = Ο(W_xΒ·x_t) # Input gate
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h_t = a_t β h_{t-1} + β(1-a_tΒ²) β (i_t β x_t) # Variance-preserving recurrence
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```
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### GRFM: Manhattan Spatial Decay Pathway
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```
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D_{nm} = Ξ³_head^(|row_n - row_m| + |col_n - col_m|) # Manhattan distance matrix
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Ξ³_head β (0, 1), learned per attention head # Multi-scale receptive fields
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```
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## ποΈ Training Recipe
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| 4. Aesthetic | JourneyDB + curated LAION | Fine-tune with high-aesthetic data | 50 GPU-hrs |
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| 5. Distill | Self-distillation | Consistency distillation β 1-4 steps | 30 GPU-hrs |
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**Total: ~400 A100 GPU-hours (~$1,600)**
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- **Logit-normal timestep sampling** (SD3): focuses compute on hard intermediate timesteps
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- **adaLN-Zero initialization**: zero-init output gates for stable residual learning start
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- **Random iteration sampling**: during training, randomly sample r β {4,6,8,10,12} for robustness
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- **Long skip connections** (Diffusion-RWKV): connect shallow features to output for gradient flow
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- **QK-normalization** (SANA-Sprint): prevents attention collapse at scale
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- **3-stage training decomposition** (PixArt-Ξ±): pixel priors β text alignment β aesthetics
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## π Extensions for Image Editing
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The iterative core naturally supports editing tasks:
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- **Inpainting**: Mask latent tokens, condition core iterations on unmasked context
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- **Super-Resolution**: Encode low-res via WaveletVAE, condition generation on LL subband
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- **Prompt-based Editing**: SDEdit-style partial denoising with modified text conditioning
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- **ControlNet**: Lightweight adapter in Prelude for spatial control signals (edges, depth, pose)
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### Adaptive Quality β Same Model, Different Budgets
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# ποΈ Ultra-fast mobile (4 core iterations Γ 1 step = 4 total NFE)
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images = model.generate(text, num_steps=1, num_iterations=4)
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# π± Balanced mobile (4 iterations Γ 4 steps = 16 NFE)
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images = model.generate(text, num_steps=4, num_iterations=4)
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# π₯οΈ Quality desktop (8 iterations Γ 4 steps = 32 NFE)
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images = model.generate(text, num_steps=4, num_iterations=8)
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# π¨ Maximum quality (16 iterations Γ 8 steps = 128 NFE)
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images = model.generate(text, num_steps=8, num_iterations=16)
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```
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## π Research Foundations
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| Bidirectional scan | Diffusion-RWKV (2404.04478) | Long skip connections, multi-direction scanning |
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| State Space Vision | VSSD (2407.18559) | Non-causal state-space design inspiration |
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| Mamba SSM | Mamba-2/SSD (2405.21060) | Selective state-space duality principles |
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| Extended LSTM | xLSTM/mLSTM (2405.04517) | Matrix memory concept for spatial features |
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| Frequency diffusion | DCTdiff (2412.15032) | Perceptual alignment via frequency-domain generation |
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## π Files in this Repository
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| File | Description |
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## β
Verified Properties
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IRIS-Tiny fits in 545 MB total inference memory (< 3GB β
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IRIS-Small fits in 597 MB total inference memory (< 3GB β
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16Γ iteration gives 10.9Γ effective capacity from same params
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## π License
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Apache 2.0
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{iris2026,
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title={IRIS: Iterative Recurrent Image Synthesis for Mobile-First Image Generation},
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year={2026},
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note={Novel architecture
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Recurrent Depth, and Wavelet-Frequency Latent Space for efficient
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text-to-image generation under 3GB RAM}
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}
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```
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-orange" alt="license">
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</p>
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## π Train It Now!
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**[](https://colab.research.google.com/github/)** β Download `IRIS_Training_Notebook.ipynb` from this repo and upload to Colab!
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**Quick start**: Download [`IRIS_Training_Notebook.ipynb`](./IRIS_Training_Notebook.ipynb), open it in Colab (or Kaggle), enable GPU, and run all cells. Trains end-to-end in ~2-3 hours on a free T4.
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The notebook includes:
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- π¦ Auto-downloads architecture code from this repo
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- π¨ Trains on PokΓ©mon BLIP Captions dataset (833 image-caption pairs)
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- π¬ Stage 1: Wavelet VAE training with frequency-aware loss
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- β‘ Stage 2: Rectified Flow generator training with CLIP conditioning
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- π Visualizations: reconstructions, generated samples, loss curves, GRFM internals
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- πΎ Checkpoint saving for continued training
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## π― Why IRIS?
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Current image generation models face critical limitations:
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### π¬ Key Innovations
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#### 1. GRFM (Gated Recurrent Fourier Mixer) β Novel Token Mixing
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Three complementary pathways fused via learned adaptive gating:
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- **Fourier Global Pathway** (O(N log N)): `RFFT2 β Block-diagonal MLP β SoftShrink β IRFFT2`
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- **Gated Linear Recurrence** (O(N)): Bidirectional RG-LRU scan with variance-preserving updates
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- **Manhattan Spatial Gate**: Per-head learnable spatial decay `D_{nm} = Ξ³^Manhattan(n,m)`
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```
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output = gate Γ x_fourier + (1 - gate) Γ x_recurrent + Ξ± Γ x_spatial
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```
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#### 2. Recurrent Depth Core (Huginn paradigm, novel for images)
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- Shared-weight core block iterated 4-16Γ (same model, adaptive quality!)
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- 4-layer block Γ 8 iterations = 32 effective layers from just 4 layers of params
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- **48M unique params β 270-524M effective capacity**
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#### 3. Wavelet-Frequency Latent Space
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- Haar DWT preprocessing preserves frequency structure in latent space
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- 16Γ total spatial compression (lossless wavelet + learned VAE)
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#### 4. Dual-Axis Recurrence (Novel)
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- Recurrence over noise schedule (diffusion) AND computational depth (core iterations)
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## π Model Variants
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| Variant | Generator Params | Total Memory (fp16) | Mobile Fit |
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|---------|-----------------|---------------------|------------|
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| **IRIS-Tiny** | 19M | 545 MB | β
Ultra-mobile |
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| **IRIS-Small** | 47M | 597 MB | β
Mobile |
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| **IRIS-Base** | 135M | 760 MB | β
Consumer GPU |
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## π§ Quick Start
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```python
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from iris_model import create_iris_small
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import torch
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model = create_iris_small()
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text_tokens = torch.randn(1, 77, 768) # Replace with CLIP-L/14 embeddings
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# Fast mobile inference (4 iterations, 4 steps)
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# Quality inference (8 iterations, 4 steps)
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images = model.generate(text_tokens, num_steps=4, num_iterations=8)
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```
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## π Mathematical Foundations
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### Rectified Flow Training
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```
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z_t = (1-t)Β·zβ + tΒ·Ξ΅, v_target = Ξ΅ - zβ
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L = w(t) Β· ||v_ΞΈ(z_t, t, c) - v_target||Β², w(t) = t/(1-t)
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t ~ Logit-Normal(0, 1)
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```
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### GRFM Pathways
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```
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Fourier: RFFT2 β BlockDiagMLP β SoftShrink(Ξ») β IRFFT2 [O(N log N)]
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Recurrence: h_t = a_tβh_{t-1} + β(1-a_tΒ²)β(i_tβx_t) [O(N)]
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Spatial: D_{nm} = Ξ³^(|row_n-row_m| + |col_n-col_m|) [O(NΓwindow)]
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```
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## ποΈ Training Recipe
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| Stage | Data | Est. Cost |
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| 1. VAE | ImageNet + CC3M | 20 GPU-hrs |
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| 2. Class-Cond | ImageNet 256px | 100 GPU-hrs |
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| 3. Text-Image | CC3M/CC12M | 200 GPU-hrs |
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| 4. Aesthetic | JourneyDB | 50 GPU-hrs |
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| 5. Distill | Self-distill | 30 GPU-hrs |
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**Total: ~400 A100 GPU-hours (~$1,600)** | Stages 1-2 run on free Colab T4
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## π Research Foundations
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| Concept | Source | How Used |
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|---------|--------|----------|
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| Recurrent Depth | Huginn (2502.05171) | Prelude-Core-Coda |
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| Fourier Mixing | AFNO (2111.13587) | GRFM pathway |
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| Gated Recurrence | Griffin RG-LRU (2402.19427) | GRFM pathway |
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| Manhattan Decay | RMT (2309.11523) | GRFM pathway |
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| Wavelet Diffusion | WaveDiff (2211.16152) | Latent space |
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| Rectified Flow | RF (2209.03003), SD3 | Training objective |
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| Consistency Models | CM (2303.01469) | Distillation |
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| adaLN-Zero | DiT (2212.09748) | Conditioning |
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| Efficient Training | PixArt-Ξ± (2310.00426) | Training recipe |
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| Mobile Design | SnapGen (2412.09619) | DWSConv, tiny VAE |
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## π Files
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| File | Description |
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| **`IRIS_Training_Notebook.ipynb`** | π₯ **Complete Colab/Kaggle training notebook** |
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| `iris_model.py` | Architecture implementation (~1200 lines) |
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| `train_iris.py` | CLI training pipeline (all 5 stages) |
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| `test_iris.py` | Validation test suite (9 tests, all passing) |
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| `ARCHITECTURE.md` | Detailed math specification |
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## β
Verified Properties
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+
- β
Haar DWT/IDWT roundtrip lossless (error < 1e-5)
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+
- β
WaveletVAE: 256Γ256β16Γ16 latent (48Γ compression)
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+
- β
GRFM forward/backward correct, all gradients flow
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+
- β
Variable iteration counts work (adaptive compute)
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+
- β
Full training step with rectified flow loss
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+
- β
End-to-end generation pipeline
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+
- β
IRIS-Tiny: **545 MB** total inference (< 3GB β
)
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+
- β
IRIS-Small: **597 MB** total inference (< 3GB β
)
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+
- β
16Γ iteration gives **10.9Γ** effective capacity
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## π License
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+
Apache 2.0
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```bibtex
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@misc{iris2026,
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title={IRIS: Iterative Recurrent Image Synthesis for Mobile-First Image Generation},
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year={2026},
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+
note={Novel architecture: GRFM + Recurrent Depth + Wavelet Latent Space}
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}
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```
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