json/Tanakh/Prophets/Isaiah/English/Tanakh The Holy Scriptures, published by JPS.json

{
    "language": "en",
    "title": "Isaiah",
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    "versionTitle": "Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, published by JPS",
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    "license": "CC-BY-NC",
    "shortVersionTitle": "JPS, 1985",
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    "purchaseInformationURL": "https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/jps/9780827602526/",
    "actualLanguage": "en",
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    "heTitle": "ישעיהו",
    "categories": [
        "Tanakh",
        "Prophets"
    ],
    "text": [
        [
            "The prophecies of Isaiah son of Amoz, who prophesied concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.<br>",
            "Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth,<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> has spoken:<br>“I reared children and brought them up—<br>And they have rebelled against Me!",
            "An ox knows its owner,<br>An ass its master’s crib:<br>Israel does not know,<br>My people takes no thought.”<br>",
            "Ah, sinful nation!<br>People laden with iniquity!<br>Brood of evildoers!<br>Depraved children!<br>They have forsaken the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Spurned the Holy One of Israel,<br>Turned their backs [on Him].<br>",
            "Why do you seek further beatings,<br>That you continue to offend?<br>Every head is ailing,<br>And every heart is sick.",
            "From head to foot<br>No spot is sound:<br>All bruises, and welts,<br>And festering sores—<br>Not pressed out, not bound up,<br>Not softened with oil.",
            "Your land is a waste,<br>Your cities burnt down;<br>Before your eyes, the yield of your soil<br>Is consumed by strangers—<br>A wasteland <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “like Sodom overthrown.”</i>as overthrown by strangers!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>",
            "Fair<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “Daughter.”</i> Zion is left<br>Like a booth in a vineyard,<br>Like a hut in a cucumber field,<br>Like a city beleaguered.",
            "Had not the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Left us some survivors,<br>We should be like Sodom,<br>Another Gomorrah.<br>",
            "Hear the word of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>You chieftains of Sodom;<br>Give ear to our God’s instruction,<br>You folk of Gomorrah!",
            "“What need have I of all your sacrifices?”<br>Says the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>“I am sated with burnt offerings of rams,<br>And suet of fatlings,<br>And blood of bulls;<br>And I have no delight<br>In lambs and he-goats.",
            "That you come to appear before Me—<br>Who asked that <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Others “To trample My courts? / 13Bring no more vain oblations.”</i>of you?<br>Trample My courts",
            "no more;<br>Bringing oblations is futile,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>Incense is offensive to Me.<br>New moon and sabbath,<br>Proclaiming of solemnities,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Septuagint “Fast and assembly”; cf. Joel 1.14.</i>Assemblies with iniquity,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>I cannot abide.",
            "Your new moons and fixed seasons<br>Fill Me with loathing;<br>They are become a burden to Me,<br>I cannot endure them.",
            "And when you lift up your hands,<br>I will turn My eyes away from you;<br>Though you pray at length,<br>I will not listen.<br>Your hands are stained with crime—",
            "Wash yourselves clean;<br>Put your evil doings<br>Away from My sight.<br>Cease to do evil;",
            "Learn to do good.<br>Devote yourselves to justice;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Aid the wronged.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>Uphold the rights of the orphan;<br>Defend the cause of the widow.<br>",
            "“Come, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>let us reach an understanding,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>—says the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>Be your sins like crimson,<br>They can turn snow-white;<br>Be they red as dyed wool,<br>They can become like fleece.”",
            "If, then, you agree and give heed,<br>You will eat the good things of the earth;",
            "But if you refuse and disobey,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “you will be fed the sword.”</i>You will be devoured [by] the sword.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup>—<br>For it was the L<small>ORD</small> who spoke.<br>",
            "Alas, she has become a harlot,<br>The faithful city<br>That was filled with justice,<br>Where righteousness dwelt—<br>But now murderers.",
            "Your<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Jerusalem’s.</i> silver has turned to dross;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Your wine is cut with water.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup>",
            "Your rulers are rogues<br>And cronies of thieves,<br>Every one avid for presents<br>And greedy for gifts;<br>They do not judge the case of the orphan,<br>And the widow’s cause never reaches them.<br>",
            "Assuredly, this is the declaration<br>Of the Sovereign, the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts,<br>The Mighty One of Israel:<br>“Ah, I will get satisfaction from My foes;<br>I will wreak vengeance on My enemies!",
            "I will turn My hand against you,<br>And smelt out your dross <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “in a crucible”; cf. 48.10.</i>as with lye,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>And remove all your slag:",
            "I will restore your magistrates as of old,<br>And your counselors as of yore.<br>After that you shall be called<br>City of Righteousness, Faithful City.”<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Others “Zion shall be saved by justice, / Her repentant ones by righteousness.”</i>Zion shall be saved in the judgment;<br>Her repentant ones, in the retribution.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">For this meaning cf. 5.16; 10.22.</i>",
            "But rebels and sinners shall all be crushed,<br>And those who forsake the L<small>ORD</small> shall perish.<br>",
            "Truly, you<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “they.”</i> shall be shamed<br>Because of the terebinths you desired,<br>And you shall be confounded<br>Because of the gardens you coveted.",
            "For you shall be like a terebinth<br>Wilted of leaf,<br>And like a garden<br>That has no water,",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Connecting ḥason with ḥasan, “to store” (23.18), and ḥosen, “treasure” (33.6).</i>Stored wealth<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-l</sup> shall become as tow,<br>And he who amassed it a spark;<br>And the two shall burn together,<br>With none to quench."
        ],
        [
            "The word that Isaiah son of Amoz prophesied concerning Judah and Jerusalem.<br>",
            "In the days to come,<br>The Mount of the L<small>ORD</small>’s House<br>Shall stand firm above the mountains<br>And tower above the hills;<br>And all the nations<br>Shall gaze on it with joy.",
            "And the many peoples shall go and say:<br>“Come,<br>Let us go up to the Mount of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>To the House of the God of Jacob;<br>That He may instruct us in His ways,<br>And that we may walk in His paths.”<br>For instruction shall come forth<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., oracles will be obtainable.</i> from Zion,<br>The word of the L<small>ORD</small> from Jerusalem.",
            "Thus He will judge among the nations<br>And arbitrate for the many peoples,<br>And they shall beat their swords into plowshares<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">More exactly, the iron points with which wooden plows were tipped.</i><br>And their spears into pruning hooks:<br>Nation shall not take up<br>Sword against nation;<br>They shall never again know<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Judg. 3.2.</i> war.<br>",
            "O House of Jacob!<br>Come, let us walk<br>By the light of the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "For you have forsaken [the ways of] your people,<br>O House of Jacob!<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “For they are full of divination / and have abundance of soothsaying, / Like Philistines / And like alien folk.”</i>For they are full [of practices] from the East,<br>And of soothsaying like the Philistines;<br>They abound in customs<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Targum; lit. “children.”</i> of the aliens.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "Their land is full of silver and gold,<br>There is no limit to their treasures;<br>Their land is full of horses,<br>There is no limit to their chariots.",
            "And their land is full of idols;<br>They bow down to the work of their hands,<br>To what their own fingers have wrought.",
            "But man shall be humbled,<br>And mortal brought low—<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “And their idols with them”; cf. vv. 17–21.</i>Oh, do not forgive them!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup><br>",
            "Go deep into the rock,<br>Bury yourselves in the ground,<br>Before the terror of the L<small>ORD</small><br>And His dread majesty!",
            "Man’s haughty look shall be brought low,<br>And the pride of mortals shall be humbled.<br>None but the L<small>ORD</small> shall be<br>Exalted in that day.<br>",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts has ready a day<br>Against all that is proud and arrogant,<br>Against all that is lofty—so that it is brought low:",
            "Against all the cedars of Lebanon,<br>Tall and stately,<br>And all the oaks of Bashan;",
            "Against all the high mountains<br>And all the lofty hills;",
            "Against every soaring tower<br>And every mighty wall;",
            "Against all the <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Probably a type of large ship.</i>ships of Tarshish<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>And all the gallant barks.",
            "Then man’s haughtiness shall be humbled<br>And the pride of man brought low.<br>None but the L<small>ORD</small> shall be<br>Exalted in that day.<br>",
            "As for idols, they shall vanish completely.",
            "And men shall enter caverns in the rock<br>And hollows in the ground—<br>Before the terror of the L<small>ORD</small><br>And His dread majesty,<br>When He comes forth to overawe the earth.",
            "On that day, men shall fling away,<br>To the <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Exact meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>flying foxes<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup> and the bats,<br>The idols of silver<br>And the idols of gold<br>Which they made for worshiping.",
            "And they shall enter the clefts in the rocks<br>And the crevices in the cliffs,<br>Before the terror of the L<small>ORD</small><br>And His dread majesty,<br>When He comes forth to overawe the earth.<br>",
            "Oh, cease to glorify man,<br>Who has only a breath in his nostrils!<br>For by what does he merit esteem?"
        ],
        [
            "For lo!<br>The Sovereign L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Will remove from Jerusalem and from Judah<br>Prop and stay,<br>Every prop of food<br>And every prop of water:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “clothing”; cf. v. 7; 4.1.</i>",
            "Soldier and warrior,<br>Magistrate and prophet,<br>Augur and elder;",
            "Captain of fifty,<br>Magnate and counselor,<br>Skilled artisan and expert enchanter;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “craftsman.”</i>",
            "And He<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “I.”</i> will make boys their rulers,<br>And babes shall govern them.",
            "So the people shall oppress one another—<br>Each oppressing his fellow:<br>The young shall bully the old;<br>And the despised [shall bully] the honored.<br>",
            "For should a man seize his brother,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “His father’s son, saying…”</i>In whose father’s house there is clothing:<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>“Come, be a chief over us,<br>And let this ruin<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “wound.”</i> be under your care,”",
            "The other will thereupon protest,<br>“I will not be a dresser of wounds,<br>With no food or clothing in my own house.<br>You shall not make me chief of a people!”<br>",
            "Ah, Jerusalem has stumbled,<br>And Judah has fallen,<br>Because by word and deed<br>They insult the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Defying His majestic glance.",
            "Their partiality in judgment<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So Targum; cf. Deut. 1.17; 16.19.</i> accuses them;<br>They avow their sins like Sodom,<br>They do not conceal them.<br>Woe to them! For ill<br>Have they served themselves.",
            "(Hail<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Happy is.”</i> the just man, for he shall fare well;<br>He shall eat the fruit of his works.",
            "Woe to the wicked man, for he shall fare ill;<br>As his hands have dealt, so shall it be done to him.)",
            "My people’s rulers are babes,<br>It is governed by women.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “boys”; cf. v. 4 (and v. 5).</i><br>O my people!<br>Your leaders are misleaders;<br>They have confused the course of your paths.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> stands up to plead a cause,<br>He rises to champion peoples.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Septuagint “His people”; cf. vv. 14, 15.</i>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> will bring this charge<br>Against the elders and officers of His people:<br>“It is you who have ravaged the vineyard;<br>That which was robbed from the poor is in your houses.",
            "How dare you crush My people<br>And grind the faces of the poor?”<br>—says my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> said:<br>“Because the daughters of Zion<br>Are so vain<br>And walk with <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “throats bent back.”</i>heads thrown back,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup><br>With roving eyes,<br>And with mincing gait,<br>Making a tinkling with their feet”—",
            "My Lord will bare<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So Saadia. To bare a woman’s head in public was an intolerable humiliation; cf. Mishnah Baba Kamma 8.6.</i> the pates<br>Of the daughters of Zion,<br>The L<small>ORD</small> will uncover their heads.<br>",
            "In that day, my L<small>ORD</small> will strip off the finery<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Many of the articles named in vv. 18–24 cannot be identified with certainty.</i> of the anklets, the fillets, and the crescents;",
            "of the eardrops, the bracelets, and the veils;",
            "the turbans, the armlets, and the sashes; of the talismans and the amulets;",
            "the signet rings and the nose rings;",
            "of the festive robes, the mantles, and the shawls; the purses,",
            "the lace gowns, and the linen vests; and the kerchiefs and the capes.<br>",
            "And then—<br>Instead of perfume, there shall be rot;<br>And instead of an apron, a rope;<br>Instead of a diadem of beaten-work,<br>A shorn head;<br>Instead of a rich robe,<br>A girding of sackcloth;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The complete Isaiah scroll from Qumran, hereafter 1QIsa, reads “For shame shall take the place of beauty”; cf. note k.</i>A burn instead of beauty.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-m</sup><br>",
            "Her<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Zion’s; cf. vv. 16, 17; Heb. “your.”</i> men shall fall by the sword,<br>Her fighting manhood in battle;",
            "And her gates shall lament and mourn,<br>And <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “her wall”; cf. Lam. 2.8.</i>she shall be emptied,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-o</sup><br>Shall sit on the ground."
        ],
        [
            "In that day, seven women shall take hold of one man, saying,<br>“We will eat our own food<br>And wear our own clothes;<br>Only let us be called by your name—<br>Take away our disgrace!”",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">For the interpretation of this verse, cf. 28.5. For “radiance,” cf. Septuagint and the Syriac ṣemḥa, and for “splendor,” cf. the meaning of peri in 10.12.</i>In that day,<br>The radiance of the L<small>ORD</small><br>Will lend beauty and glory,<br>And the splendor of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “my Lord”; cf. the parallelism (in reverse order) in 3.17.</i>the land<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>[Will give] dignity and majesty,<br>To the survivors of Israel.",
            "And those who remain in Zion<br>And are left in Jerusalem—<br>All who are inscribed for life in Jerusalem—<br>Shall be called holy.<br>",
            "When my Lord has washed away<br>The filth of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Daughter Zion,” i.e., Zion personified; cf. 1.8 and note.</i>the daughters of Zion,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>And from Jerusalem’s midst<br>Has rinsed out her infamy—<br>In a spirit of judgment<br>And in a spirit of purging—<br>",
            "the L<small>ORD</small> will create<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “spread”; cf. Ps. 105.39.</i> over the whole shrine and meeting place of Mount Zion cloud by day and smoke with a glow of flaming fire by night. Indeed, over <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “His whole shrine.”</i>all the glory<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> shall hang a canopy,",
            "which shall serve as a pavilion for shade from heat by day and as a shelter for protection against drenching rain."
        ],
        [
            "Let me sing for my beloved<br>A song of my lover about his vineyard.<br><br>My beloved had a vineyard<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>On a fruitful hill.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>",
            "He broke the ground, cleared it of stones,<br>And planted it with choice vines.<br>He built a watchtower inside it,<br>He even hewed a wine press in it;<br>For he hoped it would yield grapes.<br>Instead, it yielded wild grapes.",
            "“Now, then,<br>Dwellers of Jerusalem<br>And men of Judah,<br>You be the judges<br>Between Me and My vineyard:",
            "What more could have been done for My vineyard<br>That I failed to do in it?<br>Why, when I hoped it would yield grapes,<br>Did it yield wild grapes?<br>",
            "“Now I am going to tell you<br>What I will do to My vineyard:<br>I will remove its hedge,<br>That it may be ravaged;<br>I will break down its wall,<br>That it may be trampled.",
            "And I will <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>make it a desolation;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>It shall not be pruned or hoed,<br>And it shall be overgrown with briers and thistles.<br>And I will command the clouds<br>To drop no rain on it.”<br>",
            "For the vineyard of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Is the House of Israel,<br>And the seedlings he lovingly tended<br>Are the men of Judah.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">This sentence contains two word-plays: “And He hoped for mishpat·, And there is mispaḥ [exact meaning uncertain]; / For ṣedaqah, But there is ṣe‘aqah [lit. ‘outcry’].”</i>And He hoped for justice,<br>But behold, injustice;<br>For equity,<br>But behold, iniquity!<br>",
            "Ah,<br>Those who add house to house<br>And join field to field,<br>Till there is room for none but you<br>To dwell in the land!",
            "In my hearing [said] the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts:<br>Surely, great houses<br>Shall lie forlorn,<br>Spacious and splendid ones<br>Without occupants.",
            "For ten acres of vineyard<br>Shall yield just one <i>bath</i>,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., of wine. The bath was the liquid equivalent of the ephah; and the ḥomer was ten baths or ephahs (Ezek. 45.11).</i><br>And a field sown with a <i>ḥomer</i> of seed<br>Shall yield a mere <i>ephah</i>.<br>",
            "Ah,<br>Those who chase liquor<br>From early in the morning,<br>And till late in the evening<br>Are inflamed by wine!",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “whose interests are” (mish‘ehem, from sha‘ah “to turn to,” 17.7, 8; 31.1).</i>Who, at their banquets,<br>Have<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> lyre and lute,<br>Timbrel, flute, and wine;<br>But who never give a thought<br>To the plan of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And take no note<br>Of what He is designing.",
            "Assuredly,<br>My people will suffer exile<br>For not giving heed,<br>Its multitude victims of hunger<br>And its masses parched with thirst.",
            "Assuredly,<br>Sheol has opened wide its gullet<br>And parted its jaws in a measureless gape;<br>And down into it shall go,<br>That splendor and tumult,<br>That din and revelry.",
            "Yea, man is bowed,<br>And mortal brought low;<br>Brought low is the pride of the haughty.",
            "And the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts is exalted by judgment,<br>The Holy God proved holy by retribution.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain. Emendation yields “The lambs shall graze / In the pasture of the fat [rams], / And the kids shall feed / On the ranges of the stout [bucks].” The lambs and the kids are the poor and the rams and bucks are the rich oppressors (cf. Ezek. 34.17–22).</i>Then lambs shall graze<br>As in their meadows,<br>And strangers shall feed<br>On the ruins of the stout.<br>",
            "Ah,<br>Those who haul sin with cords of falsehood<br>And iniquity as with cart ropes!",
            "Who say,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">By way of retort to v. 12.</i><br>“Let Him speed, let Him hasten His purpose,<br>If we are to give thought;<br>Let the plans of the Holy One of Israel<br>Be quickly fulfilled,<br>If we are to give heed.”<br>",
            "Ah,<br>Those who call evil good<br>And good evil;<br>Who present darkness as light<br>And light as darkness;<br>Who present bitter as sweet<br>And sweet as bitter!",
            "Ah,<br>Those who are so wise—<br>In their own opinion;<br>So clever—<br>In their own judgment!<br>",
            "Ah,<br>Those who are so doughty—<br>As drinkers of wine,<br>And so valiant—<br>As mixers of drink!",
            "Who vindicate him who is in the wrong<br>In return for a bribe,<br>And withhold vindication<br>From him who is in the right.",
            "Assuredly,<br>As straw is consumed by a tongue of fire<br>And hay <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “is burned by flame”; cf. 33.11–12; 47.14.</i>shrivels as it burns,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>Their stock shall become like rot,<br>And their buds shall blow away like dust.<br>For they have rejected the instruction of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts,<br>Spurned the word of the Holy One of Israel.<br>",
            "That is why<br>The L<small>ORD</small>’s anger was roused<br>Against His people,<br>Why He stretched out His arm against it<br>And struck it,<br>So that the mountains quaked,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">An allusion to the destructive earthquake in the reign of King Uzziah: Amos 1.1; Zech. 14.5; cf. Isa. 9.18a.</i><br>And its corpses lay<br>Like refuse in the streets.<br>Yet His anger has not turned back,<br>And His arm is outstretched still.",
            "He will raise an ensign to a nation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “nations.”</i> afar,<br>Whistle to one at the end of the earth.<br>There it comes with lightning speed!",
            "In its ranks, none is weary or stumbles,<br>They never sleep or slumber;<br>The belts on their waists do not come loose,<br>Nor do the thongs of their sandals break.",
            "Their arrows are sharpened,<br>And all their bows are drawn.<br>Their horses’ hoofs are like flint,<br>Their chariot wheels like the whirlwind.",
            "Their roaring is like a lion’s,<br>They roar like the great beasts;<br>When they growl and seize a prey,<br>They carry it off and none can recover it.<br>",
            "But in that day, a roaring shall resound over him like that of the sea;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the Lord will intervene and come to his aid. Cf. 29.6–7; 30.27. This verse may constitute a transition between chaps. 8 and 9.</i> and then he shall look below and, behold,<br>Distressing darkness, with light;<br>Darkness, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>in its lowering clouds.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>"
        ],
        [
            "In the year that King Uzziah died, I beheld my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne; and the skirts of His robe filled the Temple.",
            "Seraphs stood in attendance on Him. Each of them had six wings: with two he covered his face, with two he covered his legs, and with two he would fly.<br>",
            "And one would call to the other,<br>“Holy, holy, holy!<br>The L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts!<br>His presence fills all the earth!”<br>",
            "The doorposts<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> would shake at the sound of the one who called, and the House kept filling with smoke.",
            "I cried,<br>“Woe is me; I am lost!<br>For I am a man <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., speaking impiety; cf. 9.16, and contrast “pure of speech [lit. ‘lip’]” in Zeph. 3.9.</i>of unclean lips<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>And I live among a people<br>Of unclean lips;<br>Yet my own eyes have beheld<br>The King L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts.”<br>",
            "Then one of the seraphs flew over to me with a live coal, which he had taken from the altar with a pair of tongs.",
            "He touched it to my lips and declared,<br><br>“Now that this has touched your lips,<br>Your guilt shall depart<br>And your sin be purged away.”<br>",
            "Then I heard the voice of my Lord saying, “Whom shall I send? Who will go for us?” And I said, “Here am I; send me.”",
            "And He said, “Go, say to that people:<br>‘Hear, indeed, but do not understand;<br>See, indeed, but do not grasp.’",
            "Dull that people’s mind,<br>Stop its ears,<br>And seal its eyes—<br>Lest, seeing with its eyes<br>And hearing with its ears,<br>It also grasp with its mind,<br>And repent and save<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “heal.”</i> itself.”<br>",
            "I asked, “How long, my Lord?” And He replied:<br>“Till towns lie waste without inhabitants<br>And houses without people,<br>And the ground lies waste and desolate—",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> will banish the population—<br>And deserted sites are many<br>In the midst of the land.",
            "“But while a tenth part yet remains in it, it shall repent. It shall be ravaged like the terebinth and the oak, of which stumps are left even when they are felled: its stump shall be a holy seed.”"
        ],
        [
            "In the reign of Ahaz son of Jotham son of Uzziah, king of Judah, King Rezin of Aram and King Pekah son of Remaliah of Israel marched upon Jerusalem to attack it; but they were not able to attack it.",
            "Now, when it was reported to the House of David that Aram had allied itself with Ephraim, their hearts and the hearts of their people trembled as trees of the forest sway before a wind.",
            "But the L<small>ORD</small> said to Isaiah, “Go out with your son Shear-jashub<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning “[only] a remnant will turn back,” i.e., repent; cf. 6.13; 10.21.</i> to meet Ahaz at the end of the conduit of the Upper Pool, by the road of the Fuller’s Field.",
            "And say to him: Be firm and be calm. Do not be afraid and do not lose heart on account of those two smoking stubs of firebrands, on account of the raging of Rezin and his Arameans and the son of Remaliah.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">To refer to a person only as “the son of—” is slighting; cf. note at 1 Sam. 10.11.</i>",
            "Because the Arameans—with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah—have plotted against you, saying,",
            "‘We will march against Judah and invade and conquer it, and we will set up as king in it the son of Tabeel,’<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">To refer to a person only as “the son of—” is slighting; cf. note at 1 Sam. 10.11.</i>",
            "thus said my Lord G<small>OD</small>:<br>It shall not succeed,<br>It shall not come to pass.",
            "For the chief city of Aram is Damascus,<br>And the chief of Damascus is Rezin;",
            "The chief city of Ephraim is Samaria,<br>And the chief of Samaria is the son of Remaliah.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The thought is continued by 8.8b–10; cf. 2 Chron. 13.8–12.</i><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought down from v. 8 for clarity.</i>And in another sixty-five years,<br>Ephraim shall be shattered as a people.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>If you will not believe, for you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Others “surely, you shall not be established.”</i>cannot be trusted<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup>…”<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> spoke further to Ahaz:",
            "“Ask for a sign from the L<small>ORD</small> your God, anywhere down to Sheol or up to the sky.”",
            "But Ahaz replied, “I will not ask, and I will not test the L<small>ORD</small>.”",
            "“Listen, House of David,” [Isaiah] retorted, “is it not enough for you to treat men as helpless that you also treat my God as helpless?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">By insisting on soliciting the aid of Assyria (see 2 Kings 16.7 ff.; cf. below, v. 20). “Treat as helpless” follows the translation of Saadia; cf. Gen. 19.11.</i>",
            "Assuredly, my Lord will give you a sign of His own accord! Look, the young woman is with child and about to give birth to a son. Let her name him Immanuel.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning “with us is God.”</i>",
            "(By the time he learns to reject the bad and choose the good, people will be feeding on curds and honey.)",
            "For before the lad knows to reject the bad and choose the good, the ground whose two kings you dread shall be abandoned.",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> will cause to come upon you and your people and your ancestral house such days as never have come since Ephraim turned away from Judah—that selfsame king of Assyria!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. note on v. 13.</i>",
            "“In that day, the L<small>ORD</small> will whistle to the flies at the ends of the water channels of Egypt and to the bees in the land of Assyria;",
            "and they shall all come and alight in the rugged wadis, and in the clefts of the rocks, and in all the thornbrakes, and in all the watering places.",
            "“In that day, my Lord will cut away with the razor that is hired beyond the Euphrates—with the king of Assyria<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Who was hired by Ahaz; cf. notes on vv. 13 and 17.</i>—the hair of the head and <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the pubic hair.</i>the hair of the legs,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup> and it shall clip off the beard as well.",
            "And in that day, each man shall save alive a heifer of the herd and two animals of the flock.",
            "(And he shall obtain so much milk that he shall eat curds.) Thus everyone who is left in the land shall feed on curds and honey.",
            "“For in that day, every spot where there could stand a thousand vines worth a thousand shekels of silver<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., all the best farm land, corresponding to the hairiest parts of the body; v. 20.</i> shall become a wilderness of thornbush and thistle.",
            "One will have to go there with bow and arrows,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Because of dangerous beasts.</i> for the country shall be all thornbushes and thistles.",
            "But the perils of thornbush and thistle shall not spread to any of the hills that could only be tilled with a hoe;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Marginal farm land, too rocky for the plow, corresponding to areas of the body with scant hair.</i> and here cattle shall be let loose, and <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note at Exod. 12.3.</i>sheep and goats<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup> shall tramp about.”"
        ],
        [
            "The L<small>ORD</small> said to me, “Get yourself a large sheet and write on it <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>in common script<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> ‘For Maher-shalal-hash-baz’;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., “Pillage hastens, looting speeds,” indicating that two cities are to be pillaged at an early date; see v. 4.</i>",
            "and call reliable witnesses, the priest Uriah and Zechariah son of Jeberechiah, to witness for Me.”",
            "I was intimate with the prophetess,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Isaiah’s wife.</i> and she conceived and bore a son; and the L<small>ORD</small> said to me, “Name him Maher-shalal-hash-baz.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., “Pillage hastens, looting speeds,” indicating that two cities are to be pillaged at an early date; see v. 4.</i>",
            "For before the boy learns to call ‘Father’ and ‘Mother,’ the wealth of Damascus and the spoils of Samaria, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought up from v. 6 for clarity.</i>and the delights of Rezin and of the son of Remaliah,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> shall be carried off before the king of Assyria.”<br>",
            "Again the L<small>ORD</small> spoke to me, thus:",
            "“Because that people has spurned<br>The gently flowing waters of Siloam”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The conduit—and later the tunnel—of Siloam conveyed into Jerusalem the waters of Gihon, which symbolize “the Lord of Hosts who dwells on Mount Zion” (v. 18). For the nature of the rejection see note at 7.13.</i>—",
            "Assuredly,<br>My Lord will bring up against them<br>The mighty, massive waters of the Euphrates,<br>The king of Assyria and all his multitude.<br>It shall rise above all its channels,<br>And flow over all its beds,",
            "And swirl through Judah like a flash flood<br>Reaching up to the neck.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Judah shall be imperiled, but, in contrast to Aram and Ephraim (v. 4), not destroyed.</i><br><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note c at 7.9.</i>But with us is God,<br>Whose wings are spread<br>As wide as your land is broad!",
            "Band together, O peoples—you shall be broken!<br>Listen to this, you remotest parts of the earth:<br>Gird yourselves—you shall be broken;<br>Gird yourselves—you shall be broken!",
            "Hatch a plot—it shall be foiled;<br>Agree on action—it shall not succeed.<br>For with us is God!<br>",
            "For this is what the L<small>ORD</small> said to me, when He took me by the hand<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., singled me out; cf. 41.9, 13; 42.6; 45.1; Jer. 31.32 [31].</i> and charged me not to walk in the path of that people:",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The Heb. forms here and in vv. 13 and 19 are plural to include the disciples (v. 16) and the children (v. 18).</i>“You must not call conspiracy<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “holy”; cf. v. 13.</i><br>All that that people calls conspiracy,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “holy”; cf. v. 13.</i><br>Nor revere what it reveres,<br>Nor hold it in awe.",
            "None but the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Shall you account holy;<br>Give reverence to Him alone,<br>Hold Him alone in awe.",
            "He shall be <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “…for His holy domain [cf. Ps. 114.2] / A stone…”</i>for a sanctuary,<br>A stone<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-k</sup> men strike against:<br>A rock men stumble over<br>For the two Houses of Israel,<br>And a trap and a snare for those<br>Who dwell in Jerusalem.",
            "The masses shall trip over these<br>And shall fall and be injured,<br>Shall be snared and be caught.",
            "Bind up the message,<br>Seal the instruction with My disciples.”<br>",
            "So I will wait for the L<small>ORD</small>, who is hiding His face from the House of Jacob, and I will trust in Him.",
            "Here stand I and the children the L<small>ORD</small> has given me as signs and portents in Israel from the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts, who dwells on Mount Zion.",
            "Now, should people say to you, “Inquire of the ghosts and familiar spirits that chirp and moan; for a people may inquire of its divine beings<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the shades of the dead; cf. 1 Sam. 28.13.</i>—of the dead on behalf of the living—",
            "for instruction and message,” surely, for one who speaks thus there shall be no dawn.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">This sentence would read well after v. 22.</i>And he shall go about in it wretched and hungry; and when he is hungry, he shall rage and revolt against his king and his divine beings.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-m</sup> He may turn his face upward",
            "or he may look below, but behold,<br>Distress and darkness, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>with no daybreak;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup><br>Straitness and gloom, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>with no dawn.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup>",
            "For <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So 1QIsa; the others have “there is not.”</i>if there were to be<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-o</sup> any break of day for that [land] which is in straits, only the former [king] would have brought abasement to the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali—while the later one would have brought honor to the Way of the Sea, the other side of the Jordan, and Galilee of the Nations.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">p</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain. The rendering here assumes that “the former [king]” refers to Pekah (cf. 2 Kings 15.29) and “the later” to Hoshea (ibid. 30). For the construction lu…ka’eth, see Judg. 13–23.</i>"
        ],
        [
            " <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note j at 5.30.</i>The people that walked in darkness<br>Have seen a brilliant light;<br>On those who dwelt in a land of gloom<br>Light has dawned.",
            "You have magnified that nation,<br>Have given it great joy;<br>They have rejoiced before You<br>As they rejoice at reaping time,<br>As they exult<br>When dividing spoil.<br>",
            "For the yoke that they bore<br>And the stick on their back—<br>The rod of their taskmaster—<br>You have broken as on the day of Midian.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See Judg. 7–8.</i>",
            "Truly, all the boots put on <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “in wickedness”; cf. Targum.</i>to stamp with<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>And all the garments donned in infamy<br>Have been fed to the flames,<br>Devoured by fire.",
            "For a child has been born to us,<br>A son has been given us.<br>And authority has settled on his shoulders.<br>He has been named<br>“The Mighty God is planning grace;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">As in 25.1.</i><br>The Eternal Father, a peaceable ruler”—",
            "In token of abundant authority<br>And of peace without limit<br>Upon David’s throne and kingdom,<br>That it may be firmly established<br>In justice and in equity<br>Now and evermore.<br>The zeal of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Shall bring this to pass.<br>",
            "My Lord<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Septuagint reads “Let loose pestilence”; cf. Amos 4.10. In vv. 7–20 Isaiah alludes to and builds upon Amos 4.10–12.</i>Let loose a word<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> against Jacob<br>And it fell upon Israel.",
            "But all the people noted<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads “shouted.”</i>—<br>Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria—<br>In arrogance and haughtiness:",
            "“Bricks have fallen—<br>We’ll rebuild with dressed stone;<br>Sycamores have been felled—<br>We’ll grow cedars instead!”",
            "So the L<small>ORD</small> let <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “its enemies.”</i>the enemies of Rezin<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>Triumph over it<br>And stirred up its foes—",
            "Aram from the east<br>And Philistia from the west—<br>Who devoured Israel<br>With greedy mouths.<br><br>Yet His anger has not turned back,<br>And His arm is outstretched still.<br>",
            "For the people has not turned back<br>To Him who struck it<br>And has not sought<br>The L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts.",
            "So the L<small>ORD</small> will cut off from Israel<br>Head and tail,<br>Palm branch and reed,<br>In a single day.",
            "Elders <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “who practice partiality.”</i>and magnates<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup>—<br>Such are the heads;<br>Prophets who give false instruction,<br>Such are the tails<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “palm branches”; the elders and the prophets are the leaders, the people are the led; cf. 3.1–2, 12.</i>",
            "That people’s leaders have been misleaders,<br>So they that are led have been confused.",
            "That is why my Lord<br>Will not spare<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Arabic samuḥa. 1QIsa reads yḥmw.</i> their youths,<br>Nor show compassion<br>To their orphans and widows;<br>For all are ungodly and wicked,<br>And every mouth speaks impiety.<br>",
            "Already wickedness has blazed forth like a fire<br>Devouring thorn and thistle.<br>It has kindled the thickets of the wood,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Which have turned into billowing smoke.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-k</sup><br><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Moved down from v. 16 for clarity.</i>Yet His anger has not turned back,<br>And His arm is outstretched still.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-l</sup><br>",
            "By the fury of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts,<br>The earth was shaken.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. note at 5.25.</i><br>Next, the people became like devouring fire:<br>No man spared his countryman.",
            "They snatched on the right, but remained hungry,<br>And consumed on the left without being sated.<br>Each devoured the flesh of his <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “fellow”; cf. Targum.</i>own kindred<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup>—",
            "Manasseh Ephraim’s, and Ephraim Manasseh’s,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Alludes to the civil wars of 2 Kings 15.10, 14–16, 25.</i><br>And both of them against Judah!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">p</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. 7.1–9.</i><br><br>Yet His anger has not turned back,<br>And His arm is outstretched still."
        ],
        [
            "Ha!<br>Those who write out evil writs<br>And compose iniquitous documents,",
            "To subvert the cause of the poor,<br>To rob of their rights the needy of My people;<br>That widows may be their spoil,<br>And fatherless children their booty!",
            "What will you do on the day of punishment,<br>When the calamity comes from afar?<br>To whom will you flee for help,<br>And how will you save your carcasses<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; for “carcasses,” compare the rendering of kabod in v. 16; 22.18.</i>",
            "From collapsing under [fellow] prisoners,<br>From falling beneath the slain?<br><br>Yet His anger has not turned back,<br>And his arm is outstretched still.<br>",
            "Ha!<br>Assyria, rod of My anger,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Who is a staff in the hand of my fury.”</i>In whose hand, as a staff, is My fury!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup>",
            "I send him against an ungodly nation,<br>I charge him against a people that provokes Me,<br>To take its spoil and to seize its booty<br>And to make it a thing trampled<br>Like the mire of the streets.",
            "But he has evil plans,<br>His mind harbors evil designs;<br>For he means to destroy,<br>To wipe out nations, not a few.",
            "For he thinks,<br>“After all, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “all the kingdoms fared alike!”</i>I have kings as my captains!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup>",
            "Was Calno any different from Carchemish?<br>Or Hamath from Arpad?<br>Or Samaria from Damascus?",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Since I was able to seize / those kingdoms and their images, / Why is Jerusalem better than Samaria?”</i>Since I was able to seize<br>The insignificant kingdoms,<br>Whose images exceeded<br>Jerusalem’s and Samaria’s,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "Shall I not do to Jerusalem and her images<br>What I did to Samaria and her idols?”<br>",
            "But when my Lord has carried out all his purpose on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, He<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “I.”</i> will punish the majestic pride and overbearing arrogance of the king of Assyria.",
            "For he thought,<br>“By the might of my hand have I wrought it,<br>By my skill, for I am clever:<br>I have erased the borders of peoples;<br>I have plundered their treasures,<br>And exiled their vast populations.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">According to vv. 6–7, Assyria was to plunder, but not to exile.</i>",
            "I was able to seize, like a nest,<br>The wealth of peoples;<br>As one gathers abandoned eggs,<br>So <i>I </i>gathered all the earth:<br>Nothing so much as flapped a wing<br>Or opened a mouth to peep.”<br>",
            "Does an ax boast over him who hews with it,<br>Or a saw magnify itself above him who wields it?<br>As though the rod raised him who lifts it,<br>As though the staff lifted the man!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “not-wood.”</i><br>",
            "Assuredly,<br>The Sovereign L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts will send<br>A wasting away in its<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Presumably Israel’s. These verses would read well after 9.16.</i> fatness;<br>And under its body<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. note at v. 3.</i> shall burn<br>A burning like that of fire,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought up from v. 18 for clarity.</i>Destroying frame and flesh.<br>It shall be like a sick man who pines away.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup>",
            "The Light of Israel will be fire<br>And its Holy One flame.<br>It will burn and consume its thorns<br>And its thistles in a single day,",
            "And the mass of its scrub and its farm land.",
            "What trees remain of its scrub<br>Shall be so few that a boy may record them.<br>",
            "And in that day,<br>The remnant of Israel<br>And the escaped of the House of Jacob<br>Shall lean no more upon him that beats it,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., upon Assyria (see v. 24). Ahaz’s reliance on Assyria was interpreted by Isaiah as lack of faith in the Lord; see 7.13 with note.</i><br>But shall lean sincerely<br>On the L<small>ORD</small>, the Holy One of Israel.",
            "Only a remnant shall return,<br>Only a remnant of Jacob,<br>To Mighty God.",
            "Even if your people, O Israel,<br>Should be as the sands of the sea,<br>Only a remnant of it shall return.<br>Destruction is decreed;<br>Retribution comes like a flood!",
            "For my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts is carrying out<br>A decree of destruction upon all the land.<br>",
            "Assuredly, thus said my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts: “O My people that dwells in Zion, have no fear of Assyria, who beats you with a rod and wields his staff over you as did the Egyptians.",
            "For very soon My wrath will have spent itself, and <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Presumably Assyria; meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “My anger against the world shall cease.”</i>My anger that was bent on wasting them.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-l</sup>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts will brandish a scourge over him as when He beat Midian at the Rock of Oreb,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See Judg. 7.25.</i> and will wield His staff as He did over the Egyptians by the sea.<br>",
            "And in that day,<br>His burden shall drop from your back,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “And his yoke shall leave your neck. / He came up from Jeshimon / 28By the ascent of Aiath, / He proceeded to Migron; / At Michmas he commanded his forces: / 29‘Make the crossing; / Geba is to be our night quarters!’” Jeshimon is the southeast corner of the Jordan Valley, Num. 21.20; 23.28; Aiath is elsewhere called Ai.</i>And his yoke from your neck;<br>The yoke shall be destroyed because of fatness.<br>",
            "He advanced upon Aiath,<br>He proceeded to Migron,<br>At Michmas he deposited his baggage.",
            "They made the crossing;<br>“Geba is to be our night quarters!”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup><br>Ramah was alarmed;<br>Gibeah of Saul took to flight.",
            "“Give a shrill cry, O Bath-gallim!<br>Hearken, Laishah!<br>Take up the cry, Anathoth!”",
            "Madmenah ran away;<br>The dwellers of Gebim sought refuge.",
            "This same day at Nob<br>He shall stand and wave his hand.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the Assyrian king, arriving at Nob (close to Jerusalem), shall beckon his army onward; cf. 13.2.</i><br><br>O mount of Fair Zion!<br>O hill of Jerusalem!",
            "Lo! The Sovereign L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Will hew off the tree-crowns with an ax:<br>The tall ones shall be felled,<br>The lofty ones cut down:",
            "The thickets of the forest shall be hacked away with iron,<br>And the Lebanon trees shall fall <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">p</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “by the bronze,” connecting Heb. ’addir with Akkadian urudu, “bronze.”</i>in their majesty.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-p</sup>"
        ],
        [
            "But a shoot shall grow out of the stump of Jesse,<br>A twig shall sprout from his stock.",
            "The spirit of the L<small>ORD</small> shall alight upon him:<br>A spirit of wisdom and insight,<br>A spirit of counsel and valor,<br>A spirit of devotion and reverence for the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “His sensing [shall be]”; meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>He shall sense the truth<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> by his reverence for the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>He shall not judge by what his eyes behold,<br>Nor decide by what his ears perceive.",
            "Thus he shall judge the poor with equity<br>And decide with justice for the lowly of the land.<br>He shall strike down a land<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “the ruthless.”</i> with the rod of his mouth<br>And slay the wicked with the breath of his lips.",
            "Justice shall be the girdle of his loins,<br>And faithfulness the girdle of his waist.",
            "The wolf shall dwell with the lamb,<br>The leopard lie down with the kid;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads: “The calf and the beast of prey shall feed”; so too the Septuagint.</i>The calf, the beast of prey, and the fatling<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> together,<br>With a little boy to herd them.",
            "The cow and the bear shall graze,<br>Their young shall lie down together;<br>And the lion, like the ox, shall eat straw.",
            "A babe shall play<br>Over a viper’s hole,<br>And an infant pass<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> his hand<br>Over an adder’s den.",
            "In all of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the Holy Land; cf. Exod. 15.17; Ps. 78.54.</i>My sacred mount<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>Nothing evil or vile shall be done;<br>For the land shall be filled with devotion to the L<small>ORD</small><br>As water covers the sea.<br>",
            "In that day,<br>The stock of Jesse that has remained standing<br>Shall become a standard to peoples—<br>Nations shall seek his counsel<br>And his abode shall be honored.<br>",
            "In that day, my Lord will apply His hand again to redeeming the other part<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the part outside the Holy Land; lit. “the rest that will remain.”</i> of His people from Assyria—as also from Egypt, Pathros, Nubia, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the coastlands.<br>",
            "He will hold up a signal to the nations<br>And assemble the banished of Israel,<br>And gather the dispersed of Judah<br>From the four corners of the earth.<br>",
            "Then Ephraim’s envy shall cease<br>And Judah’s harassment shall end;<br>Ephraim shall not envy Judah,<br>And Judah shall not harass Ephraim.",
            "They shall pounce on the back of Philistia to the west,<br>And together plunder the peoples of the east;<br>Edom and Moab shall be subject to them<br>And the children of Ammon shall obey them.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> will dry up the tongue of the Egyptian sea.—He will raise His hand over the Euphrates with the might<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> of His wind and break it into seven wadis, so that it can be trodden dry-shod.",
            "Thus there shall be a highway for the other part<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the part outside the Holy Land; lit. “the rest that will remain.”</i> of His people out of Assyria, such as there was for Israel when it left the land of Egypt."
        ],
        [
            "In that day, you shall say:<br>“I give thanks to You, O L<small>ORD</small>!<br>Although You were wroth with me,<br>Your wrath has turned back and You comfort me,",
            "Behold the God who gives me triumph!<br>I am confident, unafraid;<br>For Yah the L<small>ORD</small> is my strength and might,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Others “song.”</i><br>And He has been my deliverance.”<br>",
            "Joyfully shall you draw water<br>From the fountains of triumph,",
            "And you shall say on that day:<br>“Praise the L<small>ORD</small>, proclaim His name.<br>Make His deeds known among the peoples;<br>Declare that His name is exalted.",
            "Hymn the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>For He has done gloriously;<br>Let this be made known<br>In all the world!",
            "Oh, shout for joy,<br>You who dwell in Zion!<br>For great in your midst<br>Is the Holy One of Israel.”"
        ],
        [
            "The “Babylon” Pronouncement, a prophecy of Isaiah son of Amoz.<br>",
            "“Raise a standard upon a bare hill,<br>Cry aloud to them;<br>Wave a hand, and let them enter<br>The gates of the nobles!",
            "I have summoned My purified guests<br>To execute My wrath;<br>Behold, I have called My stalwarts,<br>My proudly exultant ones.”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The impending slaughter is spoken of as a sacrificial meal, for which the guests were notified to purify themselves ritually; cf. Zeph. 1.7.</i><br>",
            "Hark! a tumult on the mountains—<br>As of<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> a mighty force;<br>Hark! an uproar of kingdoms,<br>Nations assembling!<br>The L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts is mustering<br>A host for war.",
            "They come from a distant land,<br>From the end of the sky—<br>The L<small>ORD</small> with the weapons of His wrath—<br>To ravage all the earth!<br>",
            "Howl!<br>For the day of the L<small>ORD</small> is near;<br>It shall come like havoc from Shaddai.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Traditionally rendered “the Almighty.”</i>",
            "Therefore all hands shall grow limp,<br>And all men’s hearts shall sink;",
            "And, overcome by terror,<br>They shall be seized by pangs and throes,<br>Writhe like a woman in travail.<br>They shall gaze at each other in horror,<br>Their faces <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking the root lhb as a variant of bhl: others “shall be faces of flame.”</i>livid with fright.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>",
            "Lo! The day of the L<small>ORD</small> is coming<br>With pitiless fury and wrath,<br>To make the earth a desolation,<br>To wipe out the sinners upon it.",
            "The stars and constellations of heaven<br>Shall not give off their light;<br>The sun shall be dark when it rises,<br>And the moon shall diffuse no glow.<br>",
            "“And I will requite to the world its evil,<br>And to the wicked their iniquity;<br>I will put an end to the pride of the arrogant<br>And humble the haughtiness of tyrants.",
            "I will make people scarcer than fine gold,<br>And men than gold of Ophir.”<br>",
            "Therefore <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “I will shake heaven.”</i>shall heaven be shaken,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>And earth leap out of its place,<br>At the fury of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>On the day of His burning wrath.",
            "Then like gazelles that are chased,<br>And like sheep that no man gathers,<br>Each man shall turn back to his people,<br>They shall flee every one to his land.",
            "All who remain shall be pierced through,<br>All who <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “flee.”</i>are caught<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup><br>Shall fall by the sword.",
            "And their babes shall be dashed to pieces in their sight,<br>Their homes shall be plundered,<br>And their wives shall be raped.<br>",
            "“Behold,<br>I stir up the Medes against them,<br>Who do not value silver<br>Or delight in gold.",
            "Their bows shall shatter the young;<br>They shall show no pity to infants,<br>They shall not spare the children.”<br>",
            "And Babylon, glory of kingdoms,<br>Proud splendor of the Chaldeans,<br>Shall become like Sodom and Gomorrah<br>Overturned by God.",
            "Nevermore shall it be settled<br>Nor dwelt in through all the ages.<br>No Arab shall pitch his tent there,<br>No shepherds make flocks lie down there.",
            "But beasts<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> shall lie down there,<br>And the houses be filled with owls;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i><br>There shall ostriches make their home,<br>And there shall satyrs dance.",
            "And jackals<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> shall abide in its castles<br>And dragons<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> in the palaces of pleasure.<br>Her hour is close at hand;<br>Her days will not be long."
        ],
        [
            "But the L<small>ORD</small> will pardon Jacob, and will again choose Israel, and will settle them on their own soil. And strangers shall join them and shall cleave to the House of Jacob.",
            "For peoples shall take them<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the House of Jacob.</i> and bring them to their homeland; and the House of Israel shall possess them<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the peoples.</i> as slaves and handmaids on the soil of the L<small>ORD</small>. They shall be captors of their captors and masters to their taskmasters.",
            "And when the L<small>ORD</small> has given you rest from your sorrow and trouble, and from the hard service that you were made to serve,",
            "you shall recite this song of scorn over the king of Babylon:<br><br>How is the taskmaster vanished,<br>How is oppression<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Reading marhebah with 1QIsa (cf. Septuagint). The traditional reading madhebah is of unknown meaning.</i> ended!",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> has broken the staff of the wicked,<br>The rod of tyrants,",
            "That smote peoples in wrath<br>With stroke unceasing,<br>That belabored nations in fury<br>In relentless pursuit.<br>",
            "All the earth is calm, untroubled;<br>Loudly it cheers.",
            "Even pines rejoice at your fate,<br>And cedars of Lebanon:<br>“Now that you have lain down,<br>None shall come up to fell us.”<br>",
            "Sheol below was astir<br>To greet your coming—<br>Rousing for you the shades<br>Of all earth’s chieftains,<br>Raising from their thrones<br>All the kings of nations.",
            "All speak up and say to you,<br>“So you have been stricken as we were,<br>You have become like us!",
            "Your pomp is brought down to Sheol,<br>And the strains of your lutes!<br>Worms are to be your bed,<br>Maggots your blanket!”<br>",
            "How are you fallen from heaven,<br>O Shining One, son of Dawn!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A character in some lost myth.</i><br>How are you felled to earth,<br>O vanquisher of nations!<br>",
            "Once you thought in your heart,<br>“I will climb to the sky;<br>Higher than the stars of God<br>I will set my throne.<br>I will sit in the mount of assembly,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the assembly of the gods in council.</i><br>On the summit of Zaphon:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The abode of the gods; cf. Ps. 48.3.</i>",
            "I will mount the back of a cloud—<br>I will match the Most High.”",
            "Instead, you are brought down to Sheol,<br>To <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A region of the netherworld reserved for those who have not received decent burial; cf. Ezek. 32.21 ff.</i>the bottom of the Pit.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup>",
            "They who behold you stare;<br>They peer at you closely:<br>“Is this the man<br>Who shook the earth,<br>Who made realms tremble,",
            "Who made the world like a waste<br>And wrecked its towns,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Who chained to his palace gate / All the kings of nations? / Yet they were all laid in honor…” The practice of chaining captive chieftains to gates is attested in Mesopotamia.</i>Who never released his prisoners to their homes?”",
            "All the kings of nations<br>Were laid, every one, in honor<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>Each in his tomb;",
            "While you were left lying unburied,<br>Like loathsome carrion,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So several ancient versions; cf. postbiblical neṣel, “putrefying flesh or blood.”</i><br>Like a trampled corpse<br>[In] the clothing of slain gashed by the sword<br>Who sink to the very stones of the Pit.",
            "You shall not have a burial like them;<br>Because you destroyed <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “…countries, / Murdered peoples.”</i>your country,<br>Murdered your people.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup><br><br>Let the breed of evildoers<br>Nevermore be named!",
            "Prepare a slaughtering block for his sons<br>Because of the guilt of their father.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “fathers.”</i><br>Let them not arise to possess the earth!<br>Then the world’s face shall be covered with towns.<br>",
            "I will rise up against them—declares the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts—and will wipe out from Babylon name and remnant, kith and kin—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—",
            "and I will make it a home of bitterns,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> pools of water. I will sweep it with a broom of extermination—declares the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts has sworn this oath:<br>“As I have designed, so shall it happen;<br>What I have planned, that shall come to pass:",
            "To break Assyria in My land,<br>To crush him on My mountain.”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “mountains”; for the designation of the entire land of Israel as the Lord’s mountain, cf. 11.9.</i><br>And his yoke shall drop off them,<br>And his burden shall drop from their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “his.” The last two lines of this verse would read well after v. 26.</i> backs.",
            "That is the plan that is planned<br>For all the earth;<br>That is why an arm is poised<br>Over all the nations.",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts has planned,<br>Who then can foil it?<br>It is His arm that is poised,<br>And who can stay it?<br>",
            "This pronouncement was made in the year that King Ahaz died:",
            "Rejoice not, all Philistia,<br>Because the staff of him that beat you is broken.<br>For from the stock of a snake there sprouts an asp,<br>A flying seraph<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Others “fiery serpent”; cf. Num. 21.6, 8.</i> branches out from it.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">p</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “The poor shall graze in his pasture.” This line and the next would read well after v. 32.</i>The first-born of the poor shall graze<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-p</sup><br>And the destitute lie down secure.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">q</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “It shall kill your offspring with its venom (zar‘ekh berosho).”</i>I will kill your stock by famine,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-q</sup><br>And it shall slay the very last of you.",
            "Howl, O gate; cry out, O city;<br>Quake, all Philistia!<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">r</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; the rendering “stout one” is suggested by the Syriac ‘ashsh™†n.</i>For a stout one is coming from the north<br>And there is no straggler in his ranks.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-r</sup><br>",
            "And what will he answer the messengers of any nation?<br>That Zion has been established by the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>In it, the needy of His people shall find shelter."
        ],
        [
            "The “Moab” Pronouncement.<br><br>Ah, in the night Ar was sacked,<br>Moab was ruined;<br>Ah, in the night Kir was sacked,<br>Moab was ruined.<br>",
            "He went up to the temple to weep,<br>Dibon<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Regarded as the principal city of Moab.</i> [went] to the outdoor shrines.<br>Over Nebo and Medeba<br>Moab is wailing;<br>On every head is baldness,<br>Every beard is shorn.",
            "In its streets, they are girt with sackcloth;<br>On its roofs, in its squares,<br>Everyone is wailing,<br>Streaming with tears.",
            "Heshbon and Elealeh cry out,<br>Their voice carries to Jahaz.<br>Therefore,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “The loins of Moab are trembling.”</i>The shock troops of Moab shout,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>His body is convulsed.",
            "My heart cries out for Moab—<br>His fugitives flee down to Zoar,<br>To Eglath-shelishiyah.<br>For the ascent of Luhith<br>They ascend with weeping;<br>On the road to Horonaim<br>They raise a cry of anguish.<br>",
            "Ah, the waters of Nimrim<br>Are become a desolation;<br>The grass is sear,<br>The herbage is gone,<br>Vegetation is vanished.<br>",
            "Therefore,<br>The gains they have made, and their stores,<br>They carry to the Wadi of Willows.<br>",
            "Ah, the cry has compassed<br>The country of Moab:<br>All the way to Eglaim her wailing,<br>Even at Beer-elim her wailing!<br>",
            "Ah, the waters of Dimon are full of blood<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “tears.”</i><br>For I pour added [water] on Dimon;<br>I drench<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. 16.9.</i> it—for Moab’s refugees—<br>With soil<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “tears”; cf. Ugaritic ’dm‘t.</i> for its remnant."
        ],
        [
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of vv. 1 and 2 uncertain.</i>Dispatch as messenger<br>The ruler of the land,<br>From Sela in the wilderness<br>To the mount of Fair Zion:",
            "“Like fugitive birds,<br>Like nestlings driven away,<br>Moab’s villagers linger<br>By the fords of the Arnon.",
            "Give advice,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Offer counsel.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>At high noon make<br>Your shadow like night:<br>Conceal the outcasts,<br>Betray not the fugitives.",
            "Let <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “my outcasts, Moab.”</i>Moab’s outcasts<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>Find asylum in you;<br>Be a shelter for them<br>Against the despoiler.”<br><br>For violence has vanished,<br>Rapine is ended,<br>And marauders have perished from this land.",
            "And a throne shall be established in goodness<br>In the tent of David,<br>And on it shall sit in faithfulness<br>A ruler devoted to justice<br>And zealous for equity.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">14.32, above, would read well here.</i><br>",
            "“We have heard of Moab’s pride—<br>Most haughty is he—<br>Of his pride and haughtiness and arrogance,<br>And of the iniquity in him.”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Baddaw is a suffixed form of the preposition bede: Nah. 2.13; Hab. 2.13; Job 39.25; with suffixes, Job 11.3, 41.4.</i><br>",
            "Ah, let Moab howl;<br>Let all in Moab howl!<br>For the raisin-cakes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Jer. 48.36 has “men.”</i> of Kir-hareseth<br>You shall moan most pitifully.",
            "The vineyards of Heshbon are withered,<br>And the vines of Sibmah;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Their tendrils spread<br>To Baale-goiim,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>And reached to Jazer,<br>And strayed to the desert;<br>Their shoots spread out<br>And crossed the sea.<br>",
            "Therefore,<br>As I weep for Jazer,<br>So I weep for Sibmah’s vines;<br>O Heshbon and Elealeh,<br>I drench you with my tears.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Jer. 48.32 reads “A ravager has come down / Upon your fig and grape harvests.”</i>Ended are the shouts<br>Over your fig and grain harvests.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup>",
            "Rejoicing and gladness<br>Are gone from the farm land;<br>In the vineyards no shouting<br>Or cheering is heard.<br>No more does the treader<br>Tread wine in the presses—<br>The shouts <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “I have silenced.”</i>have been silenced.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>",
            "Therefore,<br>Like a lyre my heart moans for Moab,<br>And my very soul for Kir-heres.",
            "And when it has become apparent that Moab has gained nothing in the outdoor shrine, he shall come to pray in his temple—but to no avail.",
            "That is the word that the L<small>ORD</small> spoke concerning Moab long ago.",
            "And now the L<small>ORD</small> has spoken: In three years, fixed like the years of a hired laborer, Moab’s population, with all its huge multitude, shall shrink. Only a remnant shall be left, of no consequence."
        ],
        [
            "The “Damascus” Pronouncement.<br><br>Behold,<br>Damascus shall cease to be a city;<br>It shall become a heap of ruins.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields (cf. Septuagint) “Its towns shall be deserted forevermore.”</i>The towns of Aroer shall be deserted;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>They shall be a place for flocks<br>To lie down, with none disturbing.<br>",
            "Fortresses shall cease from Ephraim,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Aram.”</i><br>And sovereignty from Damascus;<br>The remnant of Aram shall become<br>Like the mass of Israelites<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts.",
            "In that day,<br>The mass of Jacob shall dwindle,<br>And the fatness of his body become lean:",
            "After being like the standing grain<br>Harvested by the reaper—<br>Who reaps ears by the armful—<br>He shall be like the ears that are gleaned<br>In the Valley of Rephaim.",
            "Only gleanings shall be left of him,<br>As when one beats an olive tree:<br>Two berries or three on the topmost branch,<br>Four or five <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “on her boughs, the many-branched one.”</i>on the boughs of the crown<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>, the God of Israel.<br>",
            "In that day, men shall turn to their Maker, their eyes look to the Holy One of Israel;",
            "they shall not turn to the altars that their own hands made, or look to the sacred posts and incense stands that their own fingers wrought.",
            "In that day, their fortress cities shall be like the deserted sites which <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Septuagint reads “the Amorites and the Hivites.”</i>the Horesh and the Amir<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> abandoned because of the Israelites; and there shall be desolation.<br>",
            "Truly, you have forgotten the God who saves you<br>And have not remembered the Rock who shelters you;<br>That is why, though you plant a delightful<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “true.” So Vulgate (cf. Septuagint); cf. Jer. 2.21.</i> sapling,<br>What you sow proves a disappointing slip.",
            "On the day that you plant, you see it grow;<br>On the morning you sow, you see it bud—<br>But the branches wither away<br>On a day of sickness and mortal agony.<br>",
            "Ah, the roar of many peoples<br>That roar as roars the sea,<br>The rage of nations that rage<br>As rage the mighty waters—",
            "Nations raging like massive waters!<br>But He shouts at them, and they flee far away,<br>Driven like chaff before winds in the hills,<br>And like tumbleweed before a gale.",
            "At eventide, lo, terror!<br>By morning, it is no more.<br>Such is the lot of our despoilers,<br>The portion of them that plunder us."
        ],
        [
            "Ah,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “Most sheltered land”; cf., e.g., 30.2, 3; Ps. 36.8; 57.2; 61.5.</i>land in the deep shadow of wings,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>Beyond the rivers of Nubia!<br>",
            "Go, swift messengers,<br>To a nation <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>far and remote,<br>To a people thrust forth and away<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup>—<br>A nation of gibber and chatter<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; cf. 28.10. Biblical writers often characterize distant nations by their unintelligible speech; cf. 33.19; Deut. 28.49; Jer. 5.15.</i>—<br>Whose land is cut off by streams;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought down from beginning of verse for clarity. The Hebrew verb for “sends” agrees in gender with “nation,” not with “land.”</i>Which sends out envoys by sea,<br>In papyrus vessels upon the water!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>",
            "[Say this:]<br>“All you who live in the world<br>And inhabit the earth,<br>When a flag is raised in the hills, take note!<br>When a ram’s horn is blown, give heed!”",
            "For thus the L<small>ORD</small> said to me:<br>“I rest calm and confident<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. hibbit “to rely” (Job 6.19). The related noun mabbat· occurs with similar meaning in Isa. 20.5, 6.</i> in My habitation—<br>Like a scorching heat upon sprouts,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., like a threat of disaster; cf. Eccl. 11.4.</i>Like a rain-cloud in the heat of reaping time.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup>",
            "For before the harvest,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “vintage.”</i> yet after the budding,<br>When the blossom has hardened into berries,<br>He will trim away the twigs with pruning hooks,<br>And lop off the trailing branches.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A figure of speech for the defeated enemy.</i>",
            "They shall all be left<br>To the kites of the hills<br>And to the beasts of the earth;<br>The kites shall summer on them<br>And all the beasts of the earth shall winter on them.<br>",
            "In that time,<br>Tribute shall be brought to the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>[From] a people far and remote,<br>From a people thrust forth and away—<br>A nation of gibber and chatter,<br>Whose land is cut off by streams—<br>At the place where the name of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts abides,<br>At Mount Zion."
        ],
        [
            "The “Egypt” Pronouncement.<br><br>Mounted on a swift cloud,<br>The L<small>ORD</small> will come to Egypt;<br>Egypt’s idols shall tremble before Him,<br>And the heart of the Egyptians shall sink within them.<br>",
            "“I will incite Egyptian against Egyptian:<br>They shall war with each other,<br>Every man with his fellow,<br>City with city<br>And kingdom with kingdom.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the various districts of Egypt, which in Isaiah’s time were governed by hereditary princes.</i>",
            "Egypt shall be drained of spirit,<br>And I will confound its plans;<br>So they will consult the idols and the shades<br>And the ghosts and the familiar spirits.",
            "And I will place the Egyptians<br>At the mercy of a harsh master,<br>And a ruthless king shall rule them”<br>—declares the Sovereign, the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts.<br>",
            "Water shall fail from the seas,<br>Rivers dry up and be parched,",
            "Channels turn foul as they ebb,<br>And Egypt’s canals run dry.<br>Reed and rush shall decay,",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>And the Nile papyrus by the Nile-side<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>And everything sown by the Nile<br>Shall wither, blow away, and vanish.",
            "The fishermen shall lament;<br>All who cast lines in the Nile shall mourn,<br>And those who spread nets on the water shall languish.",
            "The flax workers, too, shall be dismayed,<br>Both carders and weavers chagrined.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain; emendation yields “Her drinkers shall be dejected, / And all her brewers despondent.”</i>Her foundations shall be crushed,<br>And all who make dams shall be despondent.<br>",
            "Utter fools are the nobles of Tanis;<br>The sagest of Pharaoh’s advisers<br>[Have made] absurd predictions.<br>How can you say to Pharaoh,<br>“I am a scion of sages,<br>A scion of Kedemite kings”?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “advisers.” The wisdom of the Kedemites was proverbial; cf. 1 Kings 5.10.</i>",
            "Where, indeed, are your sages?<br>Let them tell you, let them discover<br>What the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts has planned against Egypt.",
            "The nobles of Tanis have been fools,<br>The nobles of Memphis deluded;<br>Egypt has been led astray<br>By the chiefs of her tribes.",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> has mixed within her<br>A spirit of distortion,<br>Which shall lead Egypt astray in all her undertakings<br>As a vomiting drunkard goes astray;",
            "Nothing shall be achieved in Egypt<br>By either head or tail,<br>Palm branch or reed.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., a man of either high or low station; cf. 9.13, 14.</i><br>",
            "In that day, the Egyptians shall be like women, trembling and terrified because the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts will raise His hand against them.",
            "And the land of Judah shall also be the dread of the Egyptians; they shall quake whenever anybody mentions it to them, because of what the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts is planning against them.",
            "In that day, there shall be several<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “five.”</i> towns in the land of Egypt speaking the language of Canaan and swearing loyalty to the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts; one<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “each one.”</i> shall be called Town of Heres.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning uncertain. Many Heb. mss. read ḥeres, “sun,” which may refer to Heliopolis, i.e., Sun City, in Egypt. Targum’s “Beth Shemesh” (cf. Jer. 43.13) has the same meaning.</i>",
            "In that day, there shall be an altar to the L<small>ORD</small> inside the land of Egypt and a pillar to the L<small>ORD</small> at its border.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">As a symbol of the Lord’s sovereignty over Egypt.</i>",
            "They shall serve as a symbol and reminder of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts in the land of Egypt, so that when [the Egyptians] cry out to the L<small>ORD</small> against oppressors, He will send them a savior and champion to deliver them.",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> will make Himself known to the Egyptians, and the Egyptians shall acknowledge the L<small>ORD</small> in that day, and they shall serve [Him] with sacrifice and oblation and shall make vows to the L<small>ORD</small> and fulfill them.",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> will first afflict and then heal the Egyptians; when they turn back to the L<small>ORD</small>, He will respond to their entreaties and heal them.",
            "In that day, there shall be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians shall join with the Egyptians and Egyptians with the Assyrians, and then the Egyptians together with the Assyrians shall serve [the L<small>ORD</small>].<br>",
            "In that day, Israel shall be a third partner with Egypt and Assyria as a blessing<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., a standard by which blessing is invoked; cf. Gen. 12.2 with note.</i> on earth;",
            "for the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts will bless them, saying, “Blessed be My people Egypt, My handiwork Assyria, and My very own Israel.”"
        ],
        [
            "It was the year that the Tartan<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">An Assyrian title meaning “General”; cf. 2 Kings 18.17 and note.</i> came to Ashdod—being sent by King Sargon of Assyria—and attacked Ashdod and took it.",
            "Previously,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “At that time.”</i> the L<small>ORD</small> had spoken to Isaiah son of Amoz, saying, “Go, untie the sackcloth from your loins and take your sandals off your feet,” which he had done, going naked and barefoot.",
            "And now the L<small>ORD</small> said, “It is a sign and a portent for Egypt and Nubia. Just as My servant Isaiah has gone naked and barefoot for three years,",
            "so shall the king of Assyria drive off the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Nubia, young and old, naked and barefoot and with bared buttocks—to the shame of Egypt!",
            "And they shall be dismayed and chagrined because of Nubia their hope and Egypt their boast.",
            "In that day, the dwellers of this coastland shall say, ‘If this could happen to those we looked to, to whom we fled for help and rescue from the king of Assyria, how can we ourselves escape?’”"
        ],
        [
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “The ‘From the Desert’ Pronouncement,” agreeing with the phrase farther on in the verse.</i>The “Desert of the Sea” Pronouncement.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br><br>Like the gales<br>That race through the Negeb,<br>It comes from the desert,<br>The terrible land.",
            "A harsh prophecy<br>Has been announced to me:<br>“The betrayer is <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “betrayed…ravaged”; cf. 33.1.</i>betraying,<br>The ravager ravaging.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>Advance, Elam!<br>Lay siege, Media!<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Put an end to all her merrymaking!”</i>I have put an end<br>To all her sighing.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>",
            "Therefore my loins<br>Are seized with trembling;<br>I am gripped by pangs<br>Like a woman in travail,<br>Too anguished to hear,<br>Too frightened to see.",
            "My mind is confused,<br>I shudder in panic.<br>My night of pleasure<br>He has turned to terror:",
            "“Set the table!”<br>To “Let the watchman watch!”<br>“Eat and drink!”<br>To “Up, officers! Grease<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Grasp.”</i> the shields!”<br>",
            "For thus my Lord said to me:<br>“Go, set up a sentry;<br>Let him announce what he sees.",
            "He will see mounted men,<br>Horsemen in pairs—<br>Riders on asses,<br>Riders on camels—<br>And he will listen closely,<br>Most attentively.”",
            "And <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads “The watcher.”</i>[like] a lion he<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> called out:<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “On a lookout, my lord.”</i>“On my Lord’s lookout<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup> I stand<br>Ever by day,<br>And at my post I watch<br>Every night.",
            "And there they come, mounted men—<br>Horsemen in pairs!”<br>Then he spoke up and said,<br>“Fallen, fallen is Babylon,<br>And all the images of her gods<br>Have crashed to the ground!”",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Connection of Heb. uncertain.</i>My threshing, the product of my threshing floor:<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>What I have heard from the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts,<br>The God of Israel—<br>That I have told to you.<br>",
            "The “Dumah”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Name of a people; cf. Gen. 25.14.</i> Pronouncement.<br><br>A call comes to me from Seir:<br>“Watchman, what of the night?<br>Watchman, what of the night?”",
            "The watchman replied,<br>“Morning came, and so did night.<br>If you would inquire, inquire.<br>Come back again.”<br>",
            "The “In the Steppe” Pronouncement.<br><br>In the scrub, in the steppe, you will lodge,<br>O caravans of the Dedanites!",
            "Meet the thirsty with water,<br>You who dwell in the land of Tema;<br>Greet the fugitive with bread.",
            "For they have fled before swords:<br>Before the whetted sword,<br>Before the bow that was drawn,<br>Before the stress of war.<br>",
            "For thus my Lord has said to me: “In another year, fixed like the years of a hired laborer, all the multitude of Kedar shall vanish;",
            "the remaining bows of Kedar’s warriors shall be few in number; for the L<small>ORD</small>, the God of Israel, has spoken."
        ],
        [
            "The <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>“Valley of Vision”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> Pronouncement.<br><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vv. 1–3 describe a scene of mourning to take place in Jerusalem in the near future. In the ancient Near East, public weeping took place on the low flat roofs as well as in the streets and squares; cf. above, 15.3; Jer. 48.38.</i>What can have happened to you<br>That you have gone, all of you, up on the roofs,",
            "O you who were full of tumult,<br>You clamorous town,<br>You city so gay?<br>Your slain are not the slain of the sword<br>Nor the dead of battle.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., executed, instead of dying in battle.</i>",
            "Your officers have all departed,<br>They fled far away;<br>Your survivors were all taken captive,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Taken captive without their bows.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>",
            "That is why I say, “Let me be,<br>I will weep bitterly.<br>Press not to comfort me<br>For the ruin of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “the young woman, my people.”</i>my poor people.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>",
            "For my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts had a day<br>Of tumult and din and confusion—<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. On Kir see 2 Kings 16.9; Amos 1.5; 9.7; on Shoa see Ezek. 23.23.</i>Kir raged in the Valley of Vision,<br>And Shoa on the hill;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup>",
            "While Elam bore the quiver<br>In troops of mounted men,<br>And Kir bared the shield—",
            "And your choicest lowlands<br>Were filled with chariots and horsemen:<br>They stormed at Judah’s<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought up from 8a for clarity.</i> gateway",
            "And pressed beyond its screen.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Judah’s gateway is the upper course of the Valley of Elah. The screen is the fortress Azekah, at the mouth of the gateway, which was captured by the Assyrians.</i><br>You gave thought on that day<br>To the arms in the Forest House,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See 1 Kings 7.2–5; 10.16–17.</i>",
            "And you took note of the many breaches<br>In the City of David.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">This clause would read well after the prose part of v. 11a.</i>And you collected the water of the Lower Pool;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-i</sup>",
            "and you counted the houses of Jerusalem and pulled houses down to fortify the wall;",
            "and you constructed a basin between the two walls for the water of the old pool.<br>But you gave no thought to Him who planned it,<br>You took no note of Him who designed it long before.",
            "My Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts summoned on that day<br>To weeping and lamenting,<br>To tonsuring and girding with sackcloth.",
            "Instead, there was rejoicing and merriment,<br>Killing of cattle and slaughtering of sheep,<br>Eating of meat and drinking of wine:<br>“Eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”",
            "Then the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts revealed Himself to my ears:<br>“This iniquity shall never be forgiven you<br>Until you die,” said my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts.<br>",
            "Thus said my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts: Go in to see that steward, that Shebna, in charge of the palace:",
            "What have you here, and whom have you here,<br>That you have hewn out a tomb for yourself here?—<br>O you who have hewn your<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “his,” “himself.”</i> tomb on high;<br>O you who have hollowed out for yourself<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “his,” “himself.”</i> an abode in the cliff!",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> is about to shake you<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “as a garment is shaken out.”</i>Severely, fellow,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-k</sup> and then wrap you around Himself.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., and walk off with you; cf. Jer. 43.12.</i>",
            "Indeed, He will wind you about Him <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “as a turban is wound about.”</i>as a headdress, a turban.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-m</sup><br>Off to a broad land!<br>There shall you die, and there shall be the <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “abode [cf. v. 16] of your body” [cf. 10.3, 16].</i>chariots bearing your body,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup><br>O shame of your master’s house!",
            "For I will hurl you from your station<br>And you shall be torn down from your stand.<br>",
            "And in that day, I will summon My servant Eliakim son of Hilkiah,",
            "and I will invest him with your tunic, gird him with your sash, and deliver your authority into his hand; and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and the men of Judah.",
            "I will place the keys of David’s palace on his shoulders; and what he unlocks none may shut, and what he locks none may open.",
            "He shall be a seat of honor to his father’s<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “master’s”; cf. v. 18 end.</i> household. I will fix him as a peg in a firm place,",
            "on which all the substance of his father’s<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “master’s”; cf. v. 18 end.</i> household shall be hung: <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>the sprouts and the leaves<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>—all the small vessels, from bowls to all sorts of jars.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">p</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Apparently continues v. 19.</i>In that day—declares the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts—the peg fixed in a firm place shall give way: it shall be cut down and shall fall, and the weight it supports shall be destroyed. For it is the L<small>ORD</small> who has spoken."
        ],
        [
            "The “Tyre” Pronouncement.<br><br>Howl, you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note at 2.16.</i>ships of Tarshish!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>For havoc has been wrought, not a house is left;<br>As they came from the land of Kittim,<br>This was revealed to them.<br>",
            "Moan, you coastland dwellers,<br>You traders of Sidon,<br>Once thronged by seafarers,",
            "Over many waters<br>Your<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “her.”</i> revenue came:<br>From the trade of nations,<br>From the grain of Shihor,<br>The harvest of the Nile.",
            "Be ashamed, O Sidon!<br>For the sea—this stronghold of the sea—declares,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “I have.”</i>“I am as one who has<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> never labored,<br>Never given birth,<br>Never raised youths<br>Or reared maidens!”",
            "When the Egyptians heard it, they quailed<br>As when they heard about Tyre.<br>",
            "Pass on to Tarshish—<br>Howl, you coastland dwellers!",
            "Was such your merry city<br>In former times, of yore?<br>Did her feet carry her off<br>To sojourn far away?",
            "Who was it that planned this<br>For crown-wearing Tyre,<br>Whose merchants were nobles,<br>Whose traders the world honored?",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts planned it—<br>To defile all glorious beauty,<br>To shame all the honored of the world.<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Pass on to the land of Kittim, / You ships of Tarshish.”</i>Traverse your land like the Nile,<br>Fair Tarshish;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>This is a harbor<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; taking mezaḥ as a by-form of maḥoz: cf. Ps. 107.30.</i> no more.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> poised His arm o’er the sea<br>And made kingdoms quake;<br>It was He decreed destruction<br>For Phoenicia’s<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “Canaan’s.”</i> strongholds,",
            "And said,<br>“You shall be gay no more,<br>O plundered one, Fair Maiden Sidon.<br>Up, cross over to Kittim—<br>Even there you shall have no rest.”<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain. Emendation yields “The land of Kittim itself—/ Which the Sidonian people founded, / Whose watchtowers they raised, / Whose citadels they erected—/ Exists no more; / Assyria has turned it into a ruin.”</i>Behold the land of Chaldea—<br>This is the people that has ceased to be.<br>Assyria, which founded it for ships,<br>Which raised its watchtowers,<br>Erected its ramparts,<br>Has turned it into a ruin.<br>",
            "Howl, O ships of Tarshish,<br>For your stronghold is destroyed!<br>",
            "In that day, Tyre shall remain forgotten for seventy years, equaling the lifetime of one king. After a lapse of seventy years, it shall go with Tyre as with the harlot in the ditty:<br>",
            "Take a lyre, go about the town,<br>Harlot long forgotten;<br>Sweetly play, make much music,<br>To bring you back to mind.<br>",
            "For after a lapse of seventy years, the L<small>ORD</small> will take note of Tyre, and she shall resume her <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., “trading…trade.”</i>“fee-taking” and “play the harlot”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup> with all the kingdoms of the world, on the face of the earth.",
            "But her profits and “hire” shall be consecrated to the L<small>ORD</small>. They shall not be treasured or stored; rather shall her profits go to those who abide before the L<small>ORD</small>, that they may eat their fill and clothe themselves elegantly."
        ],
        [
            "Behold,<br>The L<small>ORD</small> will strip the earth bare,<br>And lay it waste,<br>And twist its surface,<br>And scatter its inhabitants.",
            "Layman and priest shall fare alike,<br>Slave and master,<br>Handmaid and mistress,<br>Buyer and seller,<br>Lender and borrower,<br>Creditor and debtor.",
            "The earth shall be bare, bare;<br>It shall be plundered, plundered;<br>For it is the L<small>ORD</small> who spoke this word.<br>",
            "The earth is withered, sear;<br>The world languishes, it is sear;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “both sky and earth.”</i>The most exalted people of the earth<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> languish.",
            "For the earth was defiled<br>Under its inhabitants;<br>Because they transgressed teachings,<br>Violated laws,<br>Broke the ancient covenant.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the moral law, which is binding on all men (cf. Gen. 9.4–6).</i>",
            "That is why a curse consumes the earth,<br>And its inhabitants pay the penalty;<br>That is why earth’s dwellers have dwindled,<br>And but few men are left.",
            "The new wine fails,<br>The vine languishes;<br>And all the merry-hearted sigh.",
            "Stilled is the merriment of timbrels,<br>Ended the clamor of revelers,<br>Stilled the merriment of lyres.",
            "They drink their wine without song;<br>Liquor tastes bitter to the drinker.",
            "Towns are broken,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “left.”</i> empty;<br>Every house is shut, none enters;",
            "Even over wine, a cry goes up in the streets:<br>The sun has set on all joy,<br>The gladness of the earth is banished.",
            "Desolation is left in the town<br>And the gate is battered to ruins.",
            "For thus shall it be among the peoples<br>In the midst of the earth:<br>As when the olive tree is beaten out,<br>Like gleanings when the vintage is over.<br>",
            "These shall lift up their voices,<br>Exult in the majesty of the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>They shall shout from the sea:",
            "Therefore, honor the L<small>ORD</small> with lights<br>In the coastlands of the sea—<br>The name of the L<small>ORD</small>, the God of Israel.",
            "From the end of the earth<br>We hear singing:<br>Glory to the righteous!<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “They shall say.”</i>And I said:<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Villain [Arabic raz™†l], foolish villain! / The faithless who acted faithlessly / Have been betrayed in turn.”</i>I waste away! I waste away! Woe is me!<br>The faithless have acted faithlessly;<br>The faithless have broken faith!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. paḥad wa-paḥath, wa-paḥ.</i>Terror, and pit, and trap<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup><br>Upon you who dwell on earth!",
            "He who flees at the report of the terror<br>Shall fall into the pit;<br>And he who climbs out of the pit<br>Shall be caught in the trap.<br>For sluices are opened on high,<br>And earth’s foundations tremble.<br>",
            "The earth is breaking, breaking;<br>The earth is crumbling, crumbling.<br>The earth is tottering, tottering;",
            "The earth is swaying like a drunkard;<br>It is rocking to and fro like a hut.<br>Its iniquity shall weigh it down,<br>And it shall fall, to rise no more.<br>",
            "In that day, the L<small>ORD</small> will punish<br>The host of heaven in heaven<br>And the kings of the earth on earth.",
            "They shall be gathered in a dungeon<br>As captives are gathered;<br>And shall be locked up in a prison.<br>But after many days they shall be remembered.<br>",
            "Then the moon shall be ashamed,<br>And the sun shall be abashed.<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts will reign<br>On Mount Zion and in Jerusalem,<br>And the Presence will be revealed to His elders."
        ],
        [
            "O L<small>ORD</small>, You are my God;<br>I will extol You, I will praise Your name.<br>For You planned graciousness<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See 9.5.</i> of old,<br>Counsels of steadfast faithfulness.<br>",
            "For You have turned a city into a stone heap,<br>A walled town into a ruin,<br>The citadel of strangers<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “arrogant men.”</i> into rubble,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i><br>Never to be rebuilt.",
            "Therefore a fierce people must honor You,<br>A city of cruel nations must fear You.",
            "For You have been a refuge for the poor man,<br>A shelter for the needy man in his distress—<br>Shelter from rainstorm, shade from heat.<br>When the fury of tyrants was like a winter<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> rainstorm,",
            "The rage of strangers<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “arrogant men.”</i> like heat in the desert,<br>You subdued the heat with the shade of clouds,<br>The singing<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “rainstorm”; cf. 4d.</i> of the tyrants was vanquished.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts will make on this mount<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the Holy Land, as in 11.9; 14.25; 57.13.</i><br>For all the peoples<br>A banquet of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>rich viands,<br>A banquet of choice wines—<br>Of rich viands seasoned with marrow,<br>Of choice wines<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> well refined.",
            "And He will destroy on this mount<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the Holy Land, as in 11.9; 14.25; 57.13.</i> the shroud<br>That is drawn over the faces of all the peoples<br>And the covering that is spread<br>Over all the nations:",
            "He will destroy death<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Perhaps an allusion to the mass killings committed by the Assyrians; cf. 10.7; 14.20.</i> forever.<br>My Lord G<small>OD</small> will wipe the tears away<br>From all faces<br>And will put an end to the reproach of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “peoples.”</i>His people<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>Over all the earth—<br>For it is the L<small>ORD</small> who has spoken.<br>",
            "In that day they shall say:<br>This is our God;<br>We trusted in Him, and He delivered us.<br>This is the L<small>ORD</small>, in whom we trusted;<br>Let us rejoice and exult in His deliverance!<br>",
            "For the hand of the L<small>ORD</small> shall descend<br>Upon this mount,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the Holy Land, as in 11.9; 14.25; 57.13.</i><br>And Moab<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Assyria”; cf. 14.25.</i> shall be trampled under Him<br>As straw is threshed to bits at Madmenah.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A village near Jerusalem; see 10.31. Emendation yields “As straw gets shredded in the threshing.”</i>",
            "Then He will spread out His hands in their homeland,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “midst.”</i><br>As a swimmer spreads his hands out to swim,<br>And He will humble their pride<br>Along with <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “their citadels”; cf. the next verse.</i>the emblems of their power.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-k</sup>",
            "Yea, the secure fortification of their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “your.”</i> walls<br>He will lay low and humble,<br>Will raze to the ground, to the very dust."
        ],
        [
            "In that day, this song shall be sung<br>In the land of Judah:<br>Ours is a mighty city;<br>He makes victory our inner and outer wall.",
            "Open the gates, and let<br>A righteous nation enter,<br>[A nation] that keeps faith.",
            "The confident mind You guard in safety,<br>In safety because it trusts in You.<br>",
            "Trust in the L<small>ORD</small> for ever and ever,<br>For in Yah the L<small>ORD</small> you have an everlasting Rock.",
            "For He has brought low those who dwelt high up,<br>Has humbled the secure city,<br>Humbled it to the ground,<br>Leveled it with the dust—",
            "To be trampled underfoot,<br>By the feet of the needy,<br>By the soles of the poor.",
            "The path is level for the righteous man;<br>O Just One, You make smooth the course of the righteous.<br>",
            "For Your just ways, O L<small>ORD</small>, we look to You;<br>We long for the name by which You are called.",
            "At night I yearn for You with all my being,<br>I seek You with all <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “my spirit in the morning.”</i>the spirit within me.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>For when Your judgments are wrought on earth,<br>The inhabitants of the world learn righteousness.",
            "But when the scoundrel is spared, he learns not righteousness;<br>In a place of integrity, he does wrong—<br>He ignores the majesty of the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>",
            "O L<small>ORD</small>!<br>They see not Your hand exalted.<br>Let them be shamed as they behold<br>Your zeal for Your people<br>And fire consuming Your adversaries.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain.</i>O L<small>ORD</small>!<br>May You appoint well-being for us,<br>Since You have also requited all our misdeeds.<br>",
            "O L<small>ORD</small> our God!<br>Lords other than You possessed us,<br>But only Your name shall we utter.",
            "They are dead, they can never live;<br>Shades, they can never rise;<br>Of a truth, You have dealt with them and wiped them out,<br>Have put an end to all mention of them.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of vv. 15–16 uncertain.</i>When You added to the nation, O L<small>ORD</small>,<br>When You added to the nation,<br>Extending all the boundaries of the land,<br>You were honored.",
            "O L<small>ORD</small>! In their distress, they sought You;<br>Your chastisement reduced them<br>To anguished<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “anguish”; taking ṣaqun as a noun formed like zadon and sason.</i> whispered prayer.",
            "Like a woman with child<br>Approaching childbirth,<br>Writhing and screaming in her pangs,<br>So are we become because of You, O L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "We were with child, we writhed—<br>It is as though we had given birth to wind;<br>We have won no victory on earth;<br>The inhabitants of the world have not <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>come to life!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup>",
            "Oh, let Your dead revive!<br>Let corpses<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Grammar of Heb. unclear.</i> arise!<br>Awake and shout for joy,<br>You who dwell in the dust!—<br>For Your dew is like the dew on fresh growth;<br>You make the land of the shades <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>come to life.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>",
            "Go, my people, enter your chambers,<br>And lock your doors behind you.<br>Hide but a little moment,<br>Until the indignation passes.",
            "For lo!<br>The L<small>ORD</small> shall come forth from His place<br>To punish the dwellers of the earth<br>For their iniquity;<br>And the earth shall disclose its bloodshed<br>And shall no longer conceal its slain."
        ],
        [
            "In that day the L<small>ORD</small> will punish,<br>With His great, cruel, mighty sword<br>Leviathan the Elusive<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> Serpent—<br>Leviathan the Twisting<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> Serpent;<br>He will slay the Dragon of the sea.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The monster which the Lord vanquished of old (cf. 51.9; Ps. 74.13–14) was the embodiment of chaos; here it stands for the forces of evil in the present world.</i><br>",
            "In that day,<br>They shall sing of it:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Apparently the earth; cf. 26.21.</i><br>“Vineyard of Delight.”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So some mss. (cf. Amos 5.11); other mss. and the editions have “Wine.”</i>",
            "I the L<small>ORD</small> keep watch over it,<br>I water it every moment;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “My eye is open upon it.”</i>That no harm may befall it,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>I watch it night and day.",
            "There is no anger in Me:<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>If one offers Me thorns and thistles,<br>I will march to battle against him,<br>And set all of them on fire.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>",
            "But if he holds fast to My refuge,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>He makes Me his friend;<br>He makes Me his friend.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>",
            "[In days] to come Jacob shall strike root,<br>Israel shall sprout and blossom,<br>And the face of the world<br>Shall be covered with fruit.<br>",
            "Was he beaten as his beater has been?<br>Did he suffer such slaughter as his slayers?",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “Striving with her”; meaning of verse uncertain.</i>Assailing them<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup> with fury unchained,<br>His pitiless blast bore them off<br>On a day of gale.<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">This verse would read well before v. 6; the thought of vv. 7–8, dealing with the punishment of Israel’s enemies, is continued in vv. 10–11.</i>Assuredly, by this alone<br>Shall Jacob’s sin be purged away;<br>This is the only price<br>For removing his guilt:<br>That he make all the altar-stones<br>Like shattered blocks of chalk—<br>With no sacred post left standing,<br>Nor any incense altar.",
            "Thus fortified cities lie desolate,<br>Homesteads deserted, forsaken like a wilderness;<br>There calves graze, there they lie down<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Or like a terebinth whose boughs / Break when its crown is withered.”</i>And consume its boughs.",
            "When its crown is withered, they break;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>Women come and make fires with them.<br>For they are a people without understanding;<br>That is why<br>Their Maker will show them no mercy,<br>Their Creator will deny them grace.<br>",
            "And in that day, the L<small>ORD</small> will beat out [the peoples like grain] from the channel of the Euphrates to the Wadi of Egypt; and you shall be picked up one by one, O children of Israel!",
            "And in that day, a great ram’s horn shall be sounded; and the strayed who are in the land of Assyria and the expelled who are in the land of Egypt shall come and worship the L<small>ORD</small> on the holy mount, in Jerusalem."
        ],
        [
            "Ah, the proud crowns of the drunkards of Ephraim,<br>Whose glorious beauty is but wilted flowers<br>On the heads of men bloated<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ge is contracted from ge’e; cf. Ibn Ezra.</i> with rich food,<br>Who are overcome by wine!<br>",
            "Lo, my Lord has something strong and mighty,<br>Like a storm of hail,<br>A shower of pestilence.<br>Something like a storm of massive, torrential rain<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “water.”</i><br>Shall be hurled with force to the ground.",
            "Trampled underfoot shall be<br>The proud crowns of the drunkards of Ephraim,",
            "The wilted flowers—<br>On the heads of men bloated<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ge is contracted from ge’e; cf. Ibn Ezra.</i> with rich food—<br>That are his glorious beauty.<br>They shall be like an early fig<br>Before the fruit harvest;<br>Whoever sees it devours it<br>While it is still <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “on the bough.”</i>in his hand.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>",
            "In that day, the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts shall become a crown of beauty and a diadem of glory for the remnant of His people,",
            "and a spirit of judgment for him who sits in judgment and of valor for those who repel attacks at the gate.<br>",
            "But these are also muddled by wine<br>And dazed by liquor:<br>Priest and prophet<br>Are muddled by liquor;<br>They are confused by wine,<br>They are dazed by liquor;<br>They are muddled in their visions,<br>They stumble in judgment.",
            "Yea, all tables are covered<br>With vomit and filth,<br>So that no space is left.<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">This is the drunkards’ reaction to Isaiah’s reproof.</i>“To whom would he give instruction?<br>To whom expound a message?<br>To those newly weaned from milk,<br>Just taken away from the breast?",
            "That same mutter upon mutter,<br>Murmur upon murmur,<br>Now here, now there!”<br>",
            "Truly, as one who speaks to that people in a stammering jargon and an alien tongue",
            "is he who declares to them, “This is the resting place, let the weary rest;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., do not embark on any political adventure at this time.</i> this is the place of re<br>pose.” They refuse to listen.",
            "To them the word of the L<small>ORD</small> is:<br><br>“Mutter upon mutter,<br>Murmur upon murmur,<br>Now here, now there.”<br>And so they will march,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., embark on the political adventure.</i><br>But they shall fall backward,<br>And be injured and snared and captured.<br>",
            "Hear now the word of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>You men of mockery,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “composers of taunt-verses for that people.”</i>Who govern that people<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>In Jerusalem!",
            "For you have said,<br>“We have made a covenant with Death,<br>Concluded a pact with Sheol.<br>When the sweeping flood passes through,<br>It shall not reach us;<br>For we have made falsehood our refuge,<br>Taken shelter in treachery.”",
            "Assuredly,<br>Thus said the Lord G<small>OD</small>:<br>“Behold, I will found in Zion,<br>Stone by stone,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>A tower of precious cornerstones,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>Exceedingly firm;<br>He who trusts need not fear.",
            "But I will apply judgment as a measuring line<br>And retribution<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">As in 1.27; 5.16; 10.22.</i> as weights;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., I will make judgment and retribution My plan of action; cf. 34.11; 2 Kings 21.13.</i><br>Hail shall sweep away the refuge of falsehood,<br>And flood-waters engulf your shelter.",
            "Your covenant with Death shall be annulled,<br>Your pact with Sheol shall not endure;<br>When the sweeping flood passes through,<br>You shall be its victims.",
            "It shall catch you<br>Every time it passes through;<br>It shall pass through every morning,<br>Every day and every night.<br>And it shall be sheer horror<br>To grasp the message.”<br>",
            "The couch is too short for stretching out,<br>And the cover too narrow for curling up!<br>",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> will arise<br>As on the hill of Perazim,<br>He will rouse Himself<br>As in the vale of Gibeon,<br>To do His work—<br>Strange is His work!<br>And to perform His task—<br>Astounding is His task!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Instead of giving victory, as at Baal-perazim and Gibeon (cf. 2 Sam. 5.19–25; 1 Chron. 14.9–16), He will inflict punishment.</i>",
            "Therefore, refrain from mockery,<br>Lest your bonds be tightened.<br>For I have heard a decree of destruction<br>From my Lord G<small>OD</small> of Hosts<br>Against all the land.<br>",
            "Give diligent ear to my words,<br>Attend carefully to what I say.",
            "Does he who plows to sow<br>Plow all the time,<br>Breaking up and furrowing his land?",
            "When he has smoothed its surface,<br>Does he not rather broadcast black cumin<br>And scatter cumin,<br>Or set wheat in a row,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">In some Near Eastern countries, wheat is actually planted rather than scattered.</i><br>Barley in a strip,<br>And emmer in a patch?",
            "For He teaches him the right manner,<br>His God instructs him.",
            "So, too, black cumin is not threshed with a threshing board,<br>Nor is the wheel of a threshing sledge rolled over cumin;<br>But black cumin is beaten out with a stick<br>And cumin with a rod.",
            "It is cereal that is crushed.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “threshed.”</i><br>For <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking lo as equivalent to lu.</i>even if<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup> he threshes it thoroughly,<br>And the wheel of his sledge <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>and his horses overwhelm it,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>He does not crush it.",
            "That, too, is ordered by the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts;<br>His counsel is unfathomable,<br>His wisdom marvelous."
        ],
        [
            "“Ah, Ariel,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A poetic name of Jerusalem; cf. 33.7.</i> Ariel,<br>City where David camped!<br>Add year to year,<br>Let festivals come in their cycles!",
            "And I will harass Ariel,<br>And there shall be sorrow and sighing.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>She shall be to Me like Ariel.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup>",
            "And I will camp against you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Septuagint reads “like David”; cf. v. 1.</i>round about;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>I will lay siege to you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>with a mound,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>And I will set up siegeworks against you.",
            "And you shall speak from lower than the ground,<br>Your speech shall be humbler than the sod;<br>Your speech shall sound like a ghost’s from the ground,<br>Your voice shall chirp from the sod.",
            "And like fine dust shall be<br>The multitude of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Manuscript 1QIsa reads “haughty men.”</i>your strangers;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>And like flying chaff,<br>The multitude of tyrants.”<br><br>And suddenly, in an instant,",
            "She shall be remembered of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>With roaring, and shaking, and deafening noise,<br>Storm, and tempest, and blaze of consuming fire.",
            "Then, like a dream, a vision of the night,<br>Shall be the multitude of nations<br>That war upon Ariel,<br>And all her besiegers, and the siegeworks against her,<br>And those who harass her.",
            "Like one who is hungry<br>And dreams he is eating,<br>But wakes to find himself empty;<br>And like one who is thirsty<br>And dreams he is drinking,<br>But wakes to find himself faint<br>And utterly parched—<br>So shall be all the multitude of nations<br>That war upon Mount Zion.<br>",
            "Act stupid and be stupefied!<br>Act blind and be blinded!<br>(They are drunk, but not from wine,<br>They stagger, but not from liquor.)",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> has spread over you<br>A spirit of deep sleep,<br>And has shut your eyes, the prophets,<br>And covered your heads, the seers;",
            "So that all prophecy has been to you<br>Like the words of a sealed document.<br><br>If it is handed to one who can read and he is asked to read it, he will say, “I can’t, because it is sealed”;",
            "and if the document is handed to one who cannot read and he is asked to read it, he will say, “I can’t read.”<br>",
            "My Lord said:<br>Because that people has approached [Me] with its mouth<br>And honored Me with its lips,<br>But has kept its heart far from Me,<br>And its worship of Me has been<br>A commandment of men, learned by rote—",
            "Truly, I shall further baffle that people<br>With bafflement upon bafflement;<br>And the wisdom of its wise shall fail,<br>And the prudence of its prudent shall vanish.<br>",
            "Ha! Those who would hide their plans<br>Deep from the L<small>ORD</small>!<br>Who do their work in dark places<br>And say, “Who sees us, who takes note of us?”",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of first line uncertain; emendation yields “Should the potter be accounted / Like the jugs or like the clay?”</i>How perverse of you!<br>Should the potter be accounted as the clay?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>Should what is made say of its Maker,<br>“He did not make me,”<br>And what is formed say of Him who formed it,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “He did not fashion me.”</i>“He did not understand”?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup>",
            "Surely, in a little while,<br>Lebanon will be transformed into farm land,<br>And farm land accounted as mere brush.",
            "In that day, the deaf shall hear even written words,<br>And the eyes of the blind shall see<br>Even in darkness and obscurity.",
            "Then the humble shall have increasing joy through the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And the neediest of men shall exult<br>In the Holy One of Israel.",
            "For the tyrant shall be no more,<br>The scoffer shall cease to be;<br>And those diligent for evil shall be wiped out,",
            "Who cause men to lose their lawsuits,<br>Laying a snare for the arbiter at the gate,<br>And wronging by falsehood<br>Him who was in the right.<br>",
            "Assuredly, thus said the L<small>ORD</small> to the House of Jacob, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Whose fathers He redeemed.”</i>Who redeemed Abraham:<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br><br>No more shall Jacob be shamed,<br>No longer his face grow pale.<br>",
            "For when he—that is, his children—behold what My hands have wrought in his midst, they will hallow My name.<br><br>Men will hallow the Holy One of Jacob<br>And stand in awe of the God of Israel.",
            "And the confused shall acquire insight<br>And grumblers accept instruction."
        ],
        [
            "Oh, disloyal sons!<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>Making plans<br>Against My wishes,<br>Weaving schemes<br>Against My will,<br>Thereby piling<br>Guilt on guilt—",
            "Who set out to go down to Egypt<br>Without asking Me,<br>To seek refuge with Pharaoh,<br>To seek shelter under the protection of Egypt.<br>",
            "The refuge with Pharaoh shall result in your shame;<br>The shelter under Egypt’s protection, in your chagrin.",
            "Though his officers are present in Zoan,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “Tanis.”</i><br>And his messengers<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “kings”; cf. 19.2 with note.</i> reach as far as Hanes,",
            "They all shall come to shame<br>Because of a people that does not avail them,<br>That is of no help or avail,<br>But [brings] only chagrin and disgrace.<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “Through the wasteland of the Negeb / Through a…”</i>The “Beasts of the Negeb” Pronouncement.<br><br>Through a<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> land of distress and hardship,<br>Of lion and roaring<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> king-beast,<br>Of viper and flying seraph,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note on 14.29.</i><br>They convey their wealth on the backs of asses,<br>Their treasures on camels’ humps,<br>To a people of no avail.",
            "For the help of Egypt<br>Shall be vain and empty.<br>Truly, I call this,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Disgrace and chagrin”; cf. v. 5.</i>“They are a threat that has ceased.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup><br>",
            "Now,<br>Go, write it down on a tablet<br>And inscribe it in a record,<br>That it may be with them for future days,<br>A witness<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Understanding ‘ad, with Targum, as a variant of ‘ed.</i> forever.",
            "For it is a rebellious people,<br>Faithless children,<br>Children who refused to heed<br>The instruction of the L<small>ORD</small>;",
            "Who said to the seers,<br>“Do not see,”<br>To the prophets, “Do not prophesy truth to us;<br>Speak to us falsehoods,<br>Prophesy delusions.",
            "Leave the way!<br>Get off the path!<br>Let us hear no more<br>About the Holy One of Israel!”<br>",
            "Assuredly,<br>Thus said the Holy One of Israel:<br>Because you have rejected this word,<br>And have put your trust and reliance<br>In that which is fraudulent and tortuous—",
            "Of a surety,<br>This iniquity shall work on you<br>Like a spreading breach that occurs in a lofty wall,<br>Whose crash comes sudden and swift.",
            "It is smashed as one smashes an earthen jug,<br>Ruthlessly shattered<br>So that no shard is left in its breakage<br>To scoop coals from a brazier,<br>Or ladle water from a puddle.<br>",
            "For thus said my Lord G<small>OD</small>,<br>The Holy One of Israel,<br>“You shall triumph by stillness and quiet;<br>Your victory shall come about<br>Through calm and confidence.”<br>But you refused.",
            "“No,” you declared.<br>“We shall flee on steeds”—<br>Therefore you shall flee!<br>“We shall ride on swift mounts”—<br>Therefore your pursuers shall prove swift!",
            "One thousand before the shout of one—<br>You shall flee at the shout of five;<br>Till what is left of you<br>Is like a mast on a hilltop,<br>Like a pole upon a mountain.<br>",
            "Truly, the L<small>ORD</small> is waiting to show you grace,<br>Truly, He will arise to pardon you.<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> is a God of justice;<br>Happy are all who wait for Him.<br>",
            "Indeed, O people in Zion, dwellers of Jerusalem, you shall not have cause to weep. He will grant you His favor at the sound of your cry; He will respond as soon as He hears it.",
            "My Lord will provide for you meager bread and scant water. Then your Guide will no more <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>be ignored,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> but your eyes will watch your Guide;",
            "and, whenever you deviate to the right or to the left, your ears will heed the command from behind you: “This is the road; follow it!”",
            "And you will treat as unclean the silver overlay of your images and the golden plating of your idols. You will cast<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “keep.”</i> them away like a menstruous woman. “Out!” you will call to them.",
            "So rain shall be provided for the seed with which you sow the ground, and the bread that the ground brings forth shall be rich and fat. Your livestock, in that day, shall graze in broad pastures;",
            "as for the cattle and the asses that till the soil, they shall partake of salted fodder that has been winnowed with shovel and fan.",
            "And on every high mountain and on every lofty hill, there shall appear brooks and watercourses—on a day of heavy slaughter, when towers topple.",
            "And the light of the moon shall become like the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall become sevenfold, like the light of the seven days, when the L<small>ORD</small> binds up His people’s wounds and heals the injuries it has suffered.",
            "Behold the <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “The name of the Lord.”</i>L<small>ORD</small> Himself<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-i</sup><br>Comes from afar<br>In blazing wrath,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Presumably with a heavy load of punishment. Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>With a heavy burden<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup>—<br>His lips full of fury,<br>His tongue like devouring fire,",
            "And his breath like a raging torrent<br>Reaching halfway up the neck—<br>To set a misguiding yoke<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Interpreting naphath like Arabic na†f; meaning of line uncertain.</i> upon nations<br>And a misleading bridle upon the jaws of peoples,<br>",
            "For you, there shall be singing<br>As on a night when a festival is hallowed;<br>There shall be rejoicing as when they march<br>With flute, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought from v. 32 for clarity.</i>with timbrels, and with lyres<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-l</sup><br>To the Rock of Israel on the Mount of the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> will make His majestic voice heard<br>And display the sweep of His arm<br>In raging wrath,<br>In a devouring blaze of fire,<br>In tempest, and rainstorm, and hailstones.",
            "Truly, Assyria, who beats with the rod,<br>Shall be cowed by the voice of the L<small>ORD</small>;",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>And each time the appointed staff passes by,<br>The L<small>ORD</small> will bring down [His arm] upon him<br>And will do battle with him as he waves it.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "The Topheth<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A site near Jerusalem at which human beings were sacrificed by fire in periods of paganizing; see 2 Kings 23.10.</i> has long been ready for him;<br>He too is destined for Melech<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Molech, Lev. 18.21; 20.2–5.</i>—<br>His firepit has been made both wide and deep,<br>With plenty of fire and firewood,<br>And with the breath of the L<small>ORD</small><br>Burning in it like a stream of sulfur."
        ],
        [
            "Ha!<br>Those who go down to Egypt for help<br>And rely upon horses!<br>They have put their trust in abundance of chariots,<br>In vast numbers of riders,<br>And they have not turned to the Holy One of Israel,<br>They have not sought the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>",
            "But He too is wise!<br>He has brought on misfortune,<br>And has not canceled His word.<br>So He shall rise against the house of evildoers,<br>And the allies<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “help.”</i> of the workers of iniquity.",
            "For the Egyptians are man, not God,<br>And their horses are flesh, not spirit;<br>And when the L<small>ORD</small> stretches out His arm,<br>The helper shall trip<br>And the helped one shall fall,<br>And both shall perish together.<br>",
            "For thus the L<small>ORD</small> has said to me:<br>As a lion—a great beast—<br>Growls over its prey<br>And, when the shepherds gather<br>In force against him,<br>Is not dismayed by their cries<br>Nor cowed by their noise—<br>So the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts will descend to make war<br>Against the mount and the hill of Zion.<br>",
            "Like the birds that fly, even so will the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts shield Jerusalem, shielding and saving, protecting and rescuing.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Then the children of Israel shall return.”</i>Return, O children of Israel,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup> to Him to whom they have been so shamefully false;",
            "for in that day everyone will reject his idols of silver and idols of gold, which your hands have made for your guilt.<br>",
            "Then Assyria shall fall,<br>Not by the sword of man;<br>A sword not of humans shall devour him.<br>He shall shrivel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">From root nss; cf. 10.18; others “flee.”</i> before the sword,<br>And his young men <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">From root mss; cf. 10.18; others “become tributary.”</i>pine away.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "His rock shall melt with terror,<br>And his officers shall <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. note c; meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>collapse from weakness<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup>—<br>Declares the L<small>ORD</small>, who has a fire in Zion,<br>Who has an oven in Jerusalem.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. 30.33.</i>"
        ],
        [
            "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness,<br>And ministers shall govern with justice;",
            "Every one of them shall be<br>Like a refuge from gales,<br>A shelter from rainstorms;<br>Like brooks of water in a desert,<br>Like the shade of a massive rock<br>In a languishing land.<br>",
            "Then the eyes of those who have sight shall not be sealed,<br>And the ears of those who have hearing shall listen;",
            "And the minds of the thoughtless shall attend and note,<br>And the tongues of mumblers shall speak with fluent eloquence.",
            "No more shall a villain be called noble,<br>Nor shall “gentleman” be said of a knave.",
            "For the villain speaks villainy<br>And plots treachery;<br>To act impiously<br>And to preach disloyalty against the L<small>ORD</small>;<br>To leave the hungry unsatisfied<br>And deprive the thirsty of drink.",
            "As for the knave, his tools are knavish.<br>He forges plots<br>To destroy the poor with falsehoods<br>And the needy when they plead their cause.",
            "But the noble has noble intentions<br>And is constant in noble acts.<br>",
            "You carefree women,<br>Attend, hear my words!<br>You confident ladies,<br>Give ear to my speech!",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>In little more than a year,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>You shall be troubled, O confident ones,<br>When the vintage is over<br>And no ingathering takes place.",
            "Tremble, you carefree ones!<br>Quake, O confident ones!<br>Strip yourselves naked,<br>Put the cloth about your loins!",
            "Lament <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “for the fields.”</i>upon the breasts,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>For the pleasant fields,<br>For the spreading grapevines,",
            "For my people’s soil—<br>It shall be overgrown with briers and thistles—<br>Aye, and for all the houses of delight,<br>For the city of mirth.",
            "For the castle shall be abandoned,<br>The noisy city forsaken;<br>Citadel and tower shall become<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “Brushland, desert.”</i>Bare places<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> forever,<br>A stamping ground for wild asses,<br>A pasture for flocks<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “onagers”; cf. Job 39.5.</i>—",
            "Till a spirit from on high is poured out on us,<br>And wilderness is transformed into farm land,<br>While farm land rates as mere brush.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the transformed wilderness will surpass in fertility what is now used as farm land.</i>",
            "Then justice shall abide in the wilderness<br>And righteousness shall dwell on the farm land.",
            "For the work of righteousness shall be peace,<br>And the effect of righteousness, calm and confidence forever.",
            "Then my people shall dwell in peaceful homes,<br>In secure dwellings,<br>In untroubled places of rest.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain.</i>And the brush shall sink and vanish,<br>Even as the city is laid low.<br>",
            "Happy shall you be who sow by all waters,<br>Who <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “let loose the feet of cattle and asses”; cf. 7.25 end.</i>send out cattle and asses to pasture.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup>"
        ],
        [
            "Ha, you ravager who are not ravaged,<br>You betrayer who have not been betrayed!<br>When you have done ravaging, you shall be ravaged;<br>When you have finished betraying, you shall be betrayed.<br>",
            "O L<small>ORD</small>, be gracious to us!<br>It is to You we have looked;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “You have been our help.”</i>Be their arm<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> every morning,<br>Also our deliverance in time of stress.",
            "At [Your] roaring, peoples have fled,<br>Before Your majesty nations have scattered;",
            "And spoil<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “your spoil.”</i> was gathered as locusts are gathered,<br>It<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “booty”; cf. v. 23.</i> was amassed<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking ¾qq as a cognate of q¾¾.</i> as grasshoppers are amassed.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Apparently for food; cf. Lev. 11.22.</i><br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> is exalted,<br>He dwells on high!<br>[Of old] He filled Zion<br>With justice and righteousness.",
            "Faithfulness to <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Your charge<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup> was [her] wealth,<br>Wisdom and devotion [her] triumph,<br>Reverence for the L<small>ORD</small>—that was her<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “his.”</i> treasure.<br>",
            "Hark! The Arielites<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So a few manuscripts; cf. 29.1.</i> cry aloud;<br>Shalom’s<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Jerusalem’s; cf. Salem (Heb. Shalem), Ps. 76.3.</i> messengers weep bitterly.",
            "Highways are desolate,<br>Wayfarers have ceased.<br>A covenant has been renounced,<br>Cities<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads “A pact.”</i> rejected<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “an obligation.”</i>Mortal man<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-k</sup> despised.",
            "The land is wilted and withered;<br>Lebanon disgraced and moldering,<br>Sharon is become like a desert,<br>And Bashan and Carmel are stripped bare.",
            "“Now I will arise,” says the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>“Now I will exalt Myself, now raise Myself high.",
            "You shall conceive hay,<br>Give birth to straw;<br>My<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “your.”</i> breath will devour you like fire.",
            "Peoples shall be burnings of lime,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “brambles”; cf. 32.13.</i><br>Thorns cut down that are set on fire.",
            "Hear, you who are far, what I have done;<br>You who are near, note My might.”<br>",
            "Sinners in Zion are frightened,<br>The godless are seized with trembling:<br>“Who of us can dwell with the devouring fire:<br>Who of us can dwell with the never-dying blaze?”",
            "He who walks in righteousness,<br>Speaks uprightly,<br>Spurns profit from fraudulent dealings,<br>Waves away a bribe instead of grasping it,<br>Stops his ears against listening to infamy,<br>Shuts his eyes against looking at evil—",
            "Such a one shall dwell in lofty security,<br>With inaccessible cliffs for his stronghold,<br>With his food supplied<br>And his drink assured.<br>",
            "When your eyes behold <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “perfection of beauty”; cf. Ps. 50.2.</i>a king in his beauty,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup><br>When they contemplate the land round about,",
            "Your throat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">As in 59.13 and elsewhere; others “heart.”</i> shall murmur in awe,<br>“Where is one who could count? Where is one who could weigh?<br>Where is one who could count [all these] towers?”",
            "No more shall you see the barbarian folk,<br>The people of speech too obscure to comprehend,<br>So stammering of tongue that they are not understood.",
            "When you gaze upon Zion, our city of assembly,<br>Your eyes shall behold Jerusalem<br>As a secure homestead,<br>A tent not to be transported,<br>Whose pegs shall never be pulled up,<br>And none of whose ropes shall break.",
            "For there the L<small>ORD</small> in His greatness shall be for us<br>Like a region of rivers, of broad streams,<br>Where no floating vessels can sail<br>And no mighty craft can travel—<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">p</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought up from v. 23 for clarity. The passage means that the Lord will render Jerusalem as inaccessible to enemies as if it were surrounded by an impassable sea.</i>Their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">q</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “your.”</i> ropes are slack,<br>They cannot steady the sockets of their masts,<br>They cannot spread a sail.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-p</sup>",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> shall be our ruler,<br>The L<small>ORD</small> shall be our prince,<br>The L<small>ORD</small> shall be our king:<br>He shall deliver us.",
            "Then <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">r</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “even a blind man shall divide much spoil.”</i>shall indeed much spoil be divided,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-r</sup><br>Even the lame shall seize booty.",
            "And none who lives there shall say, “I am sick”;<br>It shall be inhabited by folk whose sin has been forgiven."
        ],
        [
            "Approach, O nations, and listen,<br>Give heed, O peoples!<br>Let the earth and those in it hear;<br>The world, and what it brings forth.",
            "For the L<small>ORD</small> is angry at all the nations,<br>Furious at all their host;<br>He has doomed them, consigned them to slaughter.",
            "Their slain shall be left lying,<br>And the stench of their corpses shall mount;<br>And the hills shall be drenched with their blood,",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads “And the valleys shall be cleft, / And all the host of heaven shall wither.”</i>All the host of heaven shall molder.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>The heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll,<br>And all their host shall wither<br>Like a leaf withering on the vine,<br>Or shriveled fruit on a fig tree.<br>",
            "For My sword shall <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads “be seen”; cf. Targum.</i>be drunk<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup> in the sky;<br>Lo, it shall come down upon Edom,<br>Upon the people I have doomed,<br>To wreak judgment.",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> has a sword; it is sated with blood,<br>It is gorged with fat—<br>The blood of lambs and he-goats,<br>The kidney fat of rams.<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> holds a sacrifice in Bozrah,<br>A great slaughter in the land of Edom.",
            "Wild oxen shall fall <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “with fatted calves.”</i>with them,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>Young bulls with mighty steers;<br>And their land shall be drunk with blood,<br>Their soil shall be saturated with fat.",
            "For it is the L<small>ORD</small>’s day of retribution,<br>The year of vindication for Zion’s cause.",
            "Its<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Edom’s.</i> streams shall be turned to pitch<br>And its soil to sulfur.<br>Its land shall become burning pitch,",
            "Night and day it shall never go out;<br>Its smoke shall rise for all time.<br>Through the ages it shall lie in ruins;<br>Through the aeons none shall traverse it.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Jackdaws and owls<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> shall possess it;<br>Great owls and ravens shall dwell there.<br>He shall measure it with a line of chaos<br>And with weights of emptiness.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., He shall plan chaos and emptiness for it; cf. 28.17; Lam. 2.8.</i>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>It shall be called, “No kingdom is there,”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>Its nobles and all its lords shall be nothing.",
            "Thorns shall grow up in its palaces,<br>Nettles and briers in its strongholds.<br>It shall be a home of jackals,<br>An abode of ostriches.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Most of the creatures in vv. 14–15 cannot be identified with certainty.</i>Wildcats shall meet hyenas,<br>Goat-demons shall greet each other;<br>There too the lilith<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A kind of demon.</i> shall repose<br>And find herself a resting place.",
            "There the arrow-snake shall nest and lay eggs,<br>And shall brood and hatch in its shade.<br>There too the buzzards shall gather<br>With one another.",
            "Search and read it in the scroll of the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>Not one of these shall be absent,<br>Not one shall miss its fellow.<br>For His<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “My.”</i> mouth has spoken,<br>It is His spirit that has assembled them,",
            "And it is He who apportioned it to them by lot,<br>Whose hand divided it for them with the line.<br>They shall possess it for all time,<br>They shall dwell there through the ages."
        ],
        [
            "The arid desert shall be glad,<br>The wilderness shall rejoice<br>And shall blossom like a rose.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “crocus.”</i>",
            "It shall blossom abundantly,<br>It shall also exult and shout.<br>It shall receive the glory of Lebanon,<br>The splendor of Carmel and Sharon.<br>They shall behold the glory of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>The splendor of our God.<br>",
            "Strengthen the hands that are slack;<br>Make firm the tottering knees!",
            "Say to the anxious of heart,<br>“Be strong, fear not;<br>Behold your God!<br>Requital is coming,<br>The recompense of God—<br>He Himself is coming to give you triumph.”<br>",
            "Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened,<br>And the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.",
            "Then the lame shall leap like a deer,<br>And the tongue of the dumb shall shout aloud;<br>For waters shall burst forth in the desert,<br>Streams in the wilderness.",
            "Torrid earth shall become a pool;<br>Parched land, fountains of water;<br>The home of jackals, a pasture;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “a marsh.”</i><br>The abode [of ostriches],<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. 34.13.</i> reeds and rushes.<br>",
            "And a highway shall appear there,<br>Which shall be called the Sacred Way.<br>No one unclean shall pass along it,<br>But it shall be for them.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “for His people.”</i><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>No traveler, not even fools, shall go astray.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup>",
            "No lion shall be there,<br>No ferocious beast shall set foot on it—<br>These shall not be found there.<br>But the redeemed shall walk it;",
            "And the ransomed of the L<small>ORD</small> shall return,<br>And come with shouting to Zion,<br>Crowned with joy everlasting.<br>They shall attain joy and gladness,<br>While sorrow and sighing flee."
        ],
        [
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Chaps. 36–39 occur also as 2 Kings 18.13–20.19, with a number of variants, some of which will be cited here in the footnotes.</i>In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, King Sennacherib of Assyria marched against all the fortified towns of Judah and seized them.",
            "From Lachish, the king of Assyria sent the Rabshakeh,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">An Assyrian title; cf. “Tartan,” 20.1.</i> with a large force, to King Hezekiah in Jerusalem. [The Rabshakeh] took up a position near the conduit of the Upper Pool, by the road of the Fuller’s Field;",
            "and Eliakim son of Hilkiah who was in charge of the palace, Shebna the scribe, and Joah son of Asaph the recorder went out to him.",
            "The Rabshakeh said to them, “You tell Hezekiah: Thus said the Great King, the king of Assyria: What makes you so confident?",
            "I suppose<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">2 Kings 18.20 “You must think.”</i> mere talk makes counsel and valor for war! Look, on whom are you relying, that you have rebelled against me?",
            "You are relying on Egypt, that splintered reed of a staff, which enters and punctures the palm of anyone who leans on it. That’s what Pharaoh king of Egypt is like to all who rely on him.",
            "And if you tell me that you are relying on the L<small>ORD</small> your God, He is the very one whose shrines and altars Hezekiah did away with, telling Judah and Jerusalem, ‘You must worship only at this altar!’",
            "Come now, make this wager with my master, the king of Assyria: I’ll give you two thousand horses, if you can produce riders to mount them.",
            "So how could you refuse anything, even to the deputy of one of my master’s lesser servants, relying on Egypt for chariots and horsemen?",
            "And do you think I have marched against this land to destroy it without the L<small>ORD</small>? The L<small>ORD</small> Himself told me: Go up against that land and destroy it.”",
            "Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah replied to the Rabshakeh, “Please, speak to your servants in Aramaic, since we understand it; do not speak to us in Judean in the hearing of the people on the wall.”",
            "But the Rabshakeh replied, “Was it to your master and to you that my master sent me to speak those words? It was precisely to the men who are sitting on the wall—who will have to eat their dung and drink their urine with you.”",
            "And the Rabshakeh stood and called out in a loud voice in Judean:",
            "“Hear the words of the Great King, the king of Assyria! Thus said the king: Don’t let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to save you.",
            "Don’t let Hezekiah make you rely on the L<small>ORD</small>, saying, ‘The L<small>ORD</small> will surely save us; this city will not fall into the hands of Assyria!’",
            "Don’t listen to Hezekiah. For thus said the king of Assyria: Make your peace with me and come out to me,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., to my representative the Rabshakeh.</i> so that you may all eat from your vines and your fig trees and drink water from your cisterns,",
            "until I come and take you away to a land like your own, a land of bread and wine, of grain [fields] and vineyards.",
            "Beware of letting Hezekiah mislead you by saying, ‘The L<small>ORD</small> will save us.’ Did any of the gods of the other nations save his land from the king of Assyria?",
            "Where were the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where were the gods of Sepharvaim? And did they<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the gods of Samaria.</i> save Samaria from me?",
            "Which among all the gods of those countries saved their countries from me, that the L<small>ORD</small> should save Jerusalem from me?”",
            "But they were silent and did not answer him with a single word; for the king’s order was: “Do not answer him.”",
            "And so Eliakim son of Hilkiah who was in charge of the palace, Shebna the scribe, and Joah son of Asaph the recorder came to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and they reported to him what the Rabshakeh had said."
        ],
        [
            "When King Hezekiah heard this, he rent his clothes and covered himself with sackcloth and went into the House of the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "He also sent Eliakim, who was in charge of the palace, Shebna, the scribe, and the senior priests, covered with sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz.",
            "They said to him, “Thus said Hezekiah: This day is a day of distress, of chastisement, and of disgrace. <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the situation is desperate, and we are at a loss.</i>The babes have reached the birthstool, but the strength to give birth is lacking.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>",
            "Perhaps the L<small>ORD</small> your God will take note of the words of the Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to blaspheme the living God, and will mete out judgment for the words that the L<small>ORD</small> your God has heard—if you will offer up prayer for the surviving remnant.”",
            "When King Hezekiah’s ministers came to Isaiah,",
            "Isaiah said to them, “Tell your master as follows: Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>: Do not be frightened by the words of blasphemy against Me that you have heard from the minions of the king of Assyria.",
            "I will delude<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “put a spirit in.”</i> him: He will hear a rumor and return to his land, and I will make him fall by the sword in his land.”",
            "The Rabshakeh, meanwhile, heard that [the King] had left Lachish; he turned back and found the king of Assyria attacking Libnah.",
            "But [the king of Assyria] learned that King Tirhakah of Nubia had come out to fight him; and when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying,",
            "“Tell this to King Hezekiah of Judah: Do not let your God, on whom you are relying, mislead you into thinking that Jerusalem will not be delivered into the hands of the king of Assyria.",
            "You yourself have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all the lands, how they have annihilated them; and can you escape?",
            "Were the nations that my predecessors<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “fathers.”</i> destroyed—Gozan, Haran, Rezeph, and the Bethedenites in Telassar—saved by their gods?",
            "Where is the king of Hamath? and the king of Arpad? and the kings of Lair, Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah?”",
            "Hezekiah received the letter from the messengers and read it. Hezekiah then went up to the House of the L<small>ORD</small> and spread it out before the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "And Hezekiah prayed to the L<small>ORD</small>:",
            "“O L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts, enthroned on the Cherubim! You alone are God of all the kingdoms of the earth. You made the heavens and the earth.",
            "O L<small>ORD</small>, incline Your ear and hear, open Your eye and see. Hear all the words that Sennacherib has sent to blaspheme the living God!",
            "True, O L<small>ORD</small>, the kings of Assyria have annihilated all the nations<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So 2 Kings 19.17, and 13 mss. here; most mss. and editions read “lands.”</i> and their lands",
            "and have committed their gods to the flames and have destroyed them; for they are not gods, but man’s handwork of wood and stone.",
            "But now, O L<small>ORD</small> our God, deliver us from his hands, and let all the kingdoms of the earth know that You, O L<small>ORD</small>, alone [are God].”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Supplied from 2 Kings 19.19.</i>",
            "Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent this message to Hezekiah: “Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>, the God of Israel, to whom you have prayed, concerning King Sennacherib of Assyria—",
            "this is the word that the L<small>ORD</small> has spoken concerning him:<br><br>Fair Maiden Zion despises you,<br>She mocks at you;<br>Fair Jerusalem shakes<br>Her head at you.",
            "Whom have you blasphemed and reviled?<br>Against whom made loud your voice<br>And haughtily raised your eyes?<br>Against the Holy One of Israel!",
            "Through your servants you have blasphemed my Lord.<br>Because you thought,<br>‘Thanks to my vast chariotry,<br>It is I who have climbed the highest mountains,<br>To the remotest parts of the Lebanon,<br>And have cut down its loftiest cedars,<br>Its choicest cypresses,<br>And have reached its highest peak,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “Its farmland forest”; exact meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Its densest forest.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup>",
            "It is I who have drawn<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “dug”; meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i><br>And drunk water.<br>I have dried up with the soles of my feet<br>All the streams of Egypt.’",
            "Have you not heard? Of old<br>I planned that very thing,<br>I designed it long ago,<br>And now have fulfilled it.<br>And it has come to pass,<br>Laying fortified towns waste in desolate heaps.",
            "Their inhabitants are helpless,<br>Dismayed and shamed.<br>They were but grass of the field<br>And green herbage,<br>Grass of the roofs <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So ms. 1QIsa; cf. 2 Kings 19.26. The usual reading in our passage means, literally, “and a field [?] before standing grain.”</i>that is blasted<br>Before the east wind.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup>",
            "I know your stayings<br>And your goings and comings,<br>And how you have raged against Me,",
            "Because you have raged against Me,<br>And your tumult has reached My ears,<br>I will place My hook in your nose<br>And My bit between your jaws;<br>And I will make you go back by the road<br>By which you came.<br>",
            "“And this is the sign for you:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Hezekiah.</i> This year you eat what grows of itself, and the next year what springs from that, and in the third year sow and reap and plant vineyards and eat their fruit.",
            "And the survivors of the House of Judah that have escaped shall renew its trunk below and produce boughs above.<br>",
            "For a remnant shall come forth from Jerusalem,<br>Survivors from Mount Zion.<br>The zeal of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts<br>Shall bring this to pass.<br>",
            "“Assuredly, thus said the L<small>ORD</small> concerning the king of Assyria:<br><br>He shall not enter this city;<br>He shall not shoot an arrow at it,<br>Or advance upon it with a shield,<br>Or pile up a siegemound against it.",
            "He shall go back<br>By the way he came,<br>He shall not enter this city<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>;",
            "I will protect and save this city for My sake<br>And for the sake of My servant David.”<br>",
            "[That night]<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Supplied from 2 Kings 19.35.</i> an angel of the L<small>ORD</small> went out and struck down one hundred and eighty-five thousand in the Assyrian camp, and the following morning they were all dead corpses.",
            "So King Sennacherib of Assyria broke camp and retreated, and stayed in Nineveh.",
            "While he was worshiping in the temple of his god Nisroch, he was struck down with the sword by his sons Adrammelech and Sarezer. They fled to the land of Ararat, and his son Esarhaddon succeeded him as king."
        ],
        [
            "In those days Hezekiah fell dangerously ill. The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz came and said to him, “Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>: Set your affairs in order, for you are going to die; you will not get well.”",
            "Thereupon Hezekiah turned his face to the wall and prayed to the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "“Please, O L<small>ORD</small>,” he said, “remember how I have walked before You sincerely and wholeheartedly, and have done what is pleasing to You.” And Hezekiah wept profusely.",
            "Then the word of the L<small>ORD</small> came to Isaiah:",
            "“Go and tell Hezekiah: Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>, the God of your father David: I have heard your prayer, I have seen your tears. I hereby add fifteen years to your life.",
            "I will also rescue you and this city from the hands of the king of Assyria. I will protect this city.",
            "And this is the sign for you from the L<small>ORD</small> that the L<small>ORD</small> will do the thing that He has promised:",
            "I am going to make the shadow on the steps, which has descended on the dial<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “steps.” A model of a dial with steps has been discovered in Egypt.</i> of Ahaz because of the sun, recede ten steps.” And the sun[’s shadow] receded ten steps, the same steps as it had descended.",
            "A poem by King Hezekiah of Judah when he recovered from the illness he had suffered:<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain. in part.</i>I had thought:<br>I must depart in the middle of my days;<br>I have been consigned to the gates of Sheol<br>For the rest of my years.",
            "I thought, I shall never see Yah,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., visit His Temple. For “Yah” see 12.2; 26.4.</i><br>Yah in the land of the living,<br>Or ever behold men again<br>Among those who inhabit the earth.",
            "My dwelling is pulled up and removed from me<br>Like a tent of shepherds;<br>My life is rolled up like a web<br>And cut from the thrum.<br><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Only from daybreak to nightfall<br>Was I kept whole,",
            "Then it was as though a lion<br>Were breaking all my bones;<br>I cried out until morning.<br>(Only from daybreak to nightfall<br>Was I kept whole.)<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "I piped like a swift or a swallow,<br>I moaned like a dove,<br>As my eyes, all worn, looked to heaven:<br>“My Lord, I am in straits;<br>Be my surety!”<br>",
            "What can I say? <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>He promised me,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>And He it is who has wrought it.<br><sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>All my sleep had fled<br>Because of the bitterness of my soul.",
            "My Lord, for all that and despite it<br>My life-breath is revived;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>You have restored me to health and revived me.",
            "Truly, it was for my own good<br>That I had such great bitterness:<br>You saved my life<br>From the pit of destruction,<br>For You have cast behind Your back<br>All my offenses.",
            "For it is not Sheol that praises You,<br>Not [the Land of] Death that extols You;<br>Nor do they who descend into the Pit<br>Hope for Your grace.",
            "The living, only the living<br>Can give thanks to You<br>As I do this day;<br>Fathers<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. singular.</i> relate to children<br>Your acts of grace:",
            "“[It has pleased] the L<small>ORD</small> to deliver us,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. singular.</i><br>That is why we offer up music<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Neginothai is a poetic form of neginoth.</i><br>All the days of our lives<br>At the House of the L<small>ORD</small>.”<br>",
            "When Isaiah said, “Let them take a cake of figs and apply it to the rash, and he will recover,”",
            "Hezekiah asked, “What will be the sign that I shall go up to the House of the L<small>ORD</small>?”"
        ],
        [
            "At that time, Merodach-baladan son of Baladan, the king of Babylon, sent [envoys with] a letter and a gift to Hezekiah, for he had heard about his illness and recovery.",
            "Hezekiah was pleased by their coming, and he showed them his treasure house—the silver, the gold, the spices, and the fragrant oil—and all his armory, and everything that was to be found in his storehouses. There was nothing in his palace or in all his realm that Hezekiah did not show them.",
            "Then the prophet Isaiah came to King Hezekiah. “What,” he demanded of him, “did those men say to you? Where have they come to you from?” “They have come to me,” replied Hezekiah, “from a far country, from Babylon.”",
            "Next he asked, “What have they seen in your palace?” And Hezekiah replied, “They have seen everything there is in my palace. There was nothing in my storehouses that I did not show them.”",
            "Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts:",
            "A time is coming when everything in your palace, which your ancestors have stored up to this day, will be carried off to Babylon; nothing will be left behind, said the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "And some of your sons, your own issue, whom you will have fathered, will be taken to serve as eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.”",
            "Hezekiah declared to Isaiah, “The word of the L<small>ORD</small> that you have spoken is good.” For he thought, “It means that <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “there shall be safety and faithfulness in.”</i>safety is assured for<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> my time.”"
        ],
        [
            "Comfort, oh comfort My people,<br>Says your God.",
            "Speak tenderly to Jerusalem,<br>And declare to her<br>That her term of service is over,<br>That her iniquity is expiated;<br>For she has received at the hand of the L<small>ORD</small><br>Double for all her sins.<br>",
            "A voice rings out:<br>“Clear in the desert<br>A road for the L<small>ORD</small>!<br>Level in the wilderness<br>A highway for our God!",
            "Let every valley be raised,<br>Every hill and mount made low.<br>Let the rugged ground become level<br>And the ridges become a plain.",
            "The Presence of the L<small>ORD</small> shall appear,<br>And all flesh, as one, shall behold—<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> Himself has spoken.”<br>",
            "A voice rings out: “Proclaim!”<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa and Septuagint read “And I asked.”</i>Another asks,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> “What shall I proclaim?”<br>“All flesh is grass,<br>All its goodness like flowers of the field:",
            "Grass withers, flowers fade<br>When the breath of the L<small>ORD</small> blows on them.<br>Indeed, man is but grass:",
            "Grass withers, flowers fade—<br>But the word of our God is always fulfilled!”<br>",
            "Ascend a lofty mountain,<br>O herald of joy to Zion;<br>Raise your voice with power,<br>O herald of joy to Jerusalem—<br>Raise it, have no fear;<br>Announce to the cities of Judah:<br>Behold your God!",
            "Behold, the Lord G<small>OD</small> comes in might,<br>And His arm wins triumph for Him;<br>See, His reward<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The reward and recompense to the cities of Judah; cf. Jer. 31.14, 16.</i> is with Him,<br>His recompense before Him.",
            "Like a shepherd He pastures His flock:<br>He gathers the lambs in His arms<br>And carries them in His bosom;<br>Gently He drives the mother sheep.<br>",
            "Who measured the waters with the hollow of His hand,<br>And gauged the skies with a span,<br>And meted earth’s dust with a measure,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. shalish “third,” probably a third of an ephah.</i><br>And weighed the mountains with a scale<br>And the hills with a balance?",
            "Who has plumbed the mind of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>What man could tell Him His plan?",
            "Whom did He consult, and who taught Him,<br>Guided Him in the way of right?<br>Who guided Him in knowledge<br>And showed Him the path of wisdom?<br>",
            "The nations are but a drop in a bucket,<br>Reckoned as dust on a balance;<br>The very coastlands He lifts like motes.",
            "Lebanon is not fuel enough,<br>Nor its beasts enough for sacrifice.",
            "All nations are as naught in His sight;<br>He accounts them as less than nothing.<br>",
            "To whom, then, can you liken God,<br>What form compare to Him?",
            "The idol? A woodworker shaped it,<br>And a smith overlaid it with gold,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Forging links of silver.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "As a gift, he chooses the mulberry<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. mesukkan; according to a Jewish tradition, preserved by Jerome, a kind of wood; a similar word denotes a kind of wood in Akkadian.</i>—<br>A wood that does not rot—<br>Then seeks a skillful woodworker<br>To make a firm idol,<br>That will not topple.<br>",
            "Do you not know?<br>Have you not heard?<br>Have you not been told<br>From the very first?<br>Have you not discerned<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>How the earth was founded?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "It is He who is enthroned above the vault of the earth,<br>So that its inhabitants seem as grasshoppers;<br>Who spread out the skies like gauze,<br>Stretched them out like a tent to dwell in.",
            "He brings potentates to naught,<br>Makes rulers of the earth as nothing.",
            "Hardly are they planted,<br>Hardly are they sown,<br>Hardly has their stem<br>Taken root in earth,<br>When He blows upon them and they dry up,<br>And the storm bears them off like straw.<br>",
            "To whom, then, can you liken Me,<br>To whom can I be compared?<br>—says the Holy One.",
            "Lift high your eyes and see:<br>Who created these?<br>He who sends out their host by count,<br>Who calls them each by name:<br>Because of His great might and vast power,<br>Not one fails to appear.<br>",
            "Why do you say, O Jacob,<br>Why declare, O Israel,<br>“My way is hid from the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>My cause is ignored by my God”?",
            "Do you not know?<br>Have you not heard?<br>The L<small>ORD</small> is God from of old,<br>Creator of the earth from end to end,<br>He never grows faint or weary,<br>His wisdom cannot be fathomed.",
            "He gives strength to the weary,<br>Fresh vigor to the spent.",
            "Youths may grow faint and weary,<br>And young men stumble and fall;",
            "But they who trust in the L<small>ORD</small> shall renew their strength<br>As eagles grow new plumes:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Alluding to a popular belief that eagles regain their youth when they molt; cf. Ps. 103.5.</i><br>They shall run and not grow weary,<br>They shall march and not grow faint."
        ],
        [
            "Stand silent before Me, coastlands,<br>And let nations <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Connection of Heb. uncertain.</i>renew their strength.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>Let them approach to state their case;<br>Let us come forward together for argument.",
            "Who has roused a victor<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “victory.”</i> from the East,<br>Summoned him to His service?<br>Has delivered up nations to him,<br>And trodden sovereigns down?<br>Has rendered their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “his.”</i> swords like dust,<br>Their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “his.”</i> bows like wind-blown straw?",
            "He pursues them, he goes on unscathed;<br>No shackle<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">’rḥ has this meaning in Old Aramaic.</i> is placed on his feet.",
            "Who has wrought and achieved this?<br>He who announced the generations from the start—<br>I, the L<small>ORD</small>, who was first<br>And will be with the last as well.<br>",
            "The coastlands look on in fear,<br>The ends of earth tremble.<br><br>They draw near and come;",
            "Each one helps the other,<br>Saying to his fellow, “Take courage!”",
            "The woodworker encourages the smith;<br>He who flattens with the hammer<br>[Encourages] him who pounds the anvil.<br>He says of the riveting, “It is good!”<br>And he fixes it with nails,<br>That it may not topple.<br>",
            "But you, Israel, My servant,<br>Jacob, whom I have chosen,<br>Seed of Abraham My friend—",
            "You whom I drew from the ends of the earth<br>And called from its far corners,<br>To whom I said: You are My servant;<br>I chose you, I have not rejected you—",
            "Fear not, for I am with you,<br>Be not frightened, for I am your God;<br>I strengthen you and I help you,<br>I uphold you with My victorious right hand.",
            "Shamed and chagrined shall be<br>All who contend with you;<br>They who strive with you<br>Shall become as naught and shall perish.",
            "You may seek, but shall not find<br>Those who struggle with you;<br>Less than nothing shall be<br>The men who battle against you.",
            "For I the L<small>ORD</small> am your God,<br>Who grasped your right hand,<br>Who say to you: Have no fear;<br>I will be your help.",
            "Fear not, O worm Jacob,<br>O <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “maggot.”</i>men of<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> Israel:<br><i>I </i>will help you<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br><i>I </i>your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel.",
            "I will make of you a threshing board,<br>A new thresher, with many spikes;<br>You shall thresh mountains to dust,<br>And make hills like chaff.",
            "You shall winnow them<br>And the wind shall carry them off;<br>The whirlwind shall scatter them.<br>But you shall rejoice in the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And glory in the Holy One of Israel.<br>",
            "The poor and the needy<br>Seek water,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., on the homeward march through the desert.</i> and there is none;<br>Their tongue is parched with thirst.<br>I the L<small>ORD</small> will respond to them.<br>I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them.",
            "I will open up streams on the bare hills<br>And fountains amid the valleys;<br>I will turn the desert into ponds,<br>The arid land into springs of water.",
            "I will plant cedars in the wilderness,<br>Acacias and myrtles and oleasters;<br>I will set cypresses in the desert,<br>Box trees and elms as well—",
            "That men may see and know,<br>Consider and comprehend<br>That the L<small>ORD</small>’s hand has done this,<br>That the Holy One of Israel has wrought it.<br>",
            "Submit your case, says the L<small>ORD</small>;<br>Offer your pleas, says the King of Jacob.",
            "Let them approach<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking yaggishu intransitively; cf. hiqriv. Exod. 14.10.</i> and tell us what will happen.<br>Tell us what has occurred,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., former prophecies by your gods which have been fulfilled.</i><br>And we will take note of it;<br>Or announce to us what will occur,<br>That we may know the outcome.",
            "Foretell what is yet to happen,<br>That we may know that you are gods!<br>Do anything, good or bad,<br>That we may be awed and see.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “fear”; cf. v. 10.</i>",
            "Why, you are less than nothing,<br>Your effect is less than nullity;<br>One who chooses you is an abomination.<br>",
            "I have roused him from the north, and he has come,<br>From the sunrise, one who invokes My name;<br>And he has trampled rulers like mud,<br>Like a potter treading clay.",
            "Who foretold this from the start, that we may note it;<br>From aforetime, that we might say, “He is right”?<br>Not one foretold, not one announced;<br>No one has heard your utterance!",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>The things once predicted to Zion—<br>Behold, here they are!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup><br>And again I send a herald to Jerusalem.",
            "But I look and there is not a man;<br>Not one of them can predict<br>Or can respond when I question him.",
            "See, they are all nothingness,<br>Their works are nullity,<br>Their statues are naught and nil."
        ],
        [
            "This is My servant, whom I uphold,<br>My chosen one, in whom I delight.<br>I have put My spirit upon him,<br>He shall teach the true way to the nations.",
            "He shall not cry out or shout aloud,<br>Or make his voice heard in the streets.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “A bruised reed, he shall not be broken; / A dim wick, he shall not be snuffed out.”</i>He shall not break even a bruised reed,<br>Or snuff out even a dim wick.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>He shall bring forth the true way.",
            "He shall not grow dim or be bruised<br>Till he has established the true way on earth;<br>And the coastlands shall await his teaching.<br>",
            "Thus said God the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Who created the heavens and stretched them out,<br>Who spread out the earth and what it brings forth,<br>Who gave breath to the people upon it<br>And life to those who walk thereon:",
            "I the L<small>ORD</small>, in My grace, have summoned you,<br>And I have grasped you by the hand.<br>I created you, and appointed you<br>A <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “covenants of a people”; meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>covenant people,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup> <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See 49.6 and note.</i>a light of nations<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup>—",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">An idiom meaning “freeing the imprisoned”; cf. 61.1.</i>Opening eyes deprived of light,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>Rescuing prisoners from confinement,<br>From the dungeon those who sit in darkness.",
            "I am the L<small>ORD</small>, that is My name;<br>I will not yield My glory to another,<br>Nor My renown to idols.",
            "See, the things once predicted have come,<br>And now I foretell new things,<br>Announce to you ere they sprout up.",
            "Sing to the L<small>ORD</small> a new song,<br>His praise from the ends of the earth—<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Let the sea roar and its creatures, / The coastlands…” Cf. Ps. 98.7.</i>You who sail the sea and you creatures in it,<br>You coastlands<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> and their inhabitants!",
            "Let the desert and its towns cry aloud,<br>The villages where Kedar dwells;<br>Let Sela’s inhabitants shout,<br>Call out from the peaks of the mountains.",
            "Let them do honor to the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And tell His glory in the coastlands.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> goes forth like a warrior,<br>Like a fighter He whips up His rage.<br>He yells, He roars aloud,<br>He charges upon His enemies.",
            "“I have kept silent <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “from of old.”</i>far too long,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup><br>Kept still and restrained Myself;<br>Now I will scream like a woman in labor,<br>I will pant and I will gasp.",
            "Hills and heights will I scorch,<br>Cause all their green to wither;<br>I will turn rivers into isles,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “desert.”</i><br>And dry the marshes up.",
            "I will lead the blind<br>By a road they did not know,<br>And I will make them walk<br>By paths they never knew.<br>I will turn darkness before them to light,<br>Rough places into level ground.<br>These are the promises—<br>I will keep them without fail.",
            "Driven back and utterly shamed<br>Shall be those who trust in an image,<br>Those who say to idols,<br>‘You are our gods!’”<br>",
            "Listen, you who are deaf;<br>You blind ones, look up and see!",
            "Who is so blind as My servant,<br>So deaf as the messenger I send?<br>Who is so blind as the chosen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> one,<br>So blind as the servant of the L<small>ORD</small>?",
            "Seeing many things, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “you give.”</i>he gives<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-i</sup> no heed;<br>With ears open, he hears nothing.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain; cf. 43.9–12.</i>The L<small>ORD</small> desires His [servant’s] vindication,<br>That he may magnify and glorify [His] Teaching.<br>",
            "Yet it is a people plundered and despoiled:<br>All of them are trapped in holes,<br>Imprisoned in dungeons.<br>They are given over to plunder, with none to rescue them;<br>To despoilment, with none to say “Give back!”",
            "If only you would listen to this,<br>Attend and give heed from now on!",
            "Who was it gave Jacob over to despoilment<br>And Israel to plunderers?<br>Surely, the L<small>ORD</small> against whom they<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “we.”</i> sinned<br>In whose ways they would not walk<br>And whose Teaching they would not obey.",
            "So He poured out wrath upon them,<br>His anger and the fury of war.<br>It blazed upon them all about, but they heeded not;<br>It burned among them, but they gave it no thought."
        ],
        [
            "But now thus said the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>Who created you, O Jacob,<br>Who formed you, O Israel:<br>Fear not, for I will redeem you;<br>I have singled you out by name,<br>You are Mine.",
            "When you pass through water,<br>I will be with you;<br>Through streams,<br>They shall not overwhelm you.<br>When you walk through fire,<br>You shall not be scorched;<br>Through flame,<br>It shall not burn you.",
            "For I the L<small>ORD</small> am your God,<br>The Holy One of Israel, your Savior.<br>I give Egypt as a ransom for you,<br>Nubia and Saba in exchange for you.",
            "Because you are precious to Me,<br>And honored, and I love you,<br>I give men in exchange for you<br>And peoples in your stead.",
            "Fear not, for I am with you:<br>I will bring your folk from the East,<br>Will gather you out of the West;",
            "I will say to the North, “Give back!”<br>And to the South, “Do not withhold!<br>Bring My sons from afar,<br>And My daughters from the end of the earth—",
            "All who are linked to My name,<br>Whom I have created,<br>Formed, and made for My glory—",
            "Setting free that people,<br>Blind though it has eyes<br>And deaf though it has ears.”",
            "All the nations assemble as one,<br>The peoples gather.<br>Who among them declared this,<br>Foretold to us the things that have happened?<br>Let them produce their witnesses and be vindicated,<br>That men, hearing them, may say, “It is true!”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., that the other nations’ gods are real.</i>",
            "My witnesses are <i>you</i><br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>My servant, whom I have chosen.<br>To the end that you<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “they.”</i> may take thought,<br>And believe in Me,<br>And understand that I am He:<br>Before Me no god was formed,<br>And after Me none shall exist—",
            "None but me, the L<small>ORD</small>;<br>Beside Me, none can grant triumph.",
            "I alone foretold the triumph<br>And I brought it to pass;<br>I announced it,<br>And no strange god was among you.<br>So you are My witnesses<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>And I am God.",
            "Ever since day was, I am He;<br>None can deliver from My hand.<br>When I act, who can reverse it?<br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel:<br>For your sake <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>I send to Babylon;<br>I will bring down all [her] bars,<br>And the Chaldeans shall raise their voice in lamentation.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup>",
            "I am your Holy One, the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Your King, the Creator of Israel.<br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Who made a road through the sea<br>And a path through mighty waters,",
            "Who destroyed<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Understanding hoṣi, here, as equivalent to Aramaic sheṣi.</i> chariots and horses,<br>And all the mighty host—<br>They lay down to rise no more,<br>They were extinguished, quenched like a wick:",
            "Do not recall what happened of old,<br>Or ponder what happened of yore!",
            "I am about to do something new;<br>Even now it shall come to pass,<br>Suddenly you shall perceive it:<br>I will make a road through the wilderness<br>And rivers<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads “paths”; cf. v. 16.</i> in the desert.",
            "The wild beasts shall honor Me,<br>Jackals and ostriches,<br>For I provide water in the wilderness,<br>Rivers in the desert,<br>To give drink to My chosen people,",
            "The people I formed for Myself<br>That they might declare My praise.<br>",
            "But you have not worshiped Me, O Jacob,<br>That you should be weary of Me, O Israel.",
            "You have not brought Me your sheep for burnt offerings,<br>Nor honored Me with your sacrifices.<br>I have not burdened you with meal offerings,<br>Nor wearied you about frankincense.",
            "You have not bought Me fragrant reed with money,<br>Nor sated Me with the fat of your sacrifices.<br>Instead, you have burdened Me with your sins,<br>You have wearied Me with your iniquities.",
            "It is I, I who—for My own sake<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., in order to put an end to the profanation of My holy name; cf. 48.9–11.</i>—<br>Wipe your transgressions away<br>And remember your sins no more.",
            "Help me remember!<br>Let us join in argument,<br>Tell your version,<br>That you may be vindicated.",
            "Your earliest ancestor sinned,<br>And your spokesmen transgressed against Me.",
            "So I profaned <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “My holy name”; see preceding note.</i>the holy princes;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>I abandoned Jacob to proscription<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “insult.”</i><br>And Israel to mockery."
        ],
        [
            "But hear, now, O Jacob My servant,<br>Israel whom I have chosen!",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>, your Maker,<br>Your Creator who has helped you since birth:<br>Fear not, My servant Jacob,<br>Jeshurun<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A name for Israel; see note on Num. 23.10; cf. Deut. 32.15; 33.5, 26.</i> whom I have chosen,",
            "Even as I pour water on thirsty soil,<br>And rain upon dry ground,<br>So will I pour My spirit on your offspring,<br>My blessing upon your posterity.",
            "And they shall sprout like<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “in among.”</i> grass,<br>Like willows by watercourses.",
            "One shall say, “I am the L<small>ORD</small>’s,”<br>Another shall use the name of “Jacob,”<br>Another shall mark his arm “of the L<small>ORD</small>”<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">It was customary to mark a slave with the owner’s name.</i><br>And adopt the name of “Israel.”<br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>, the King of Israel,<br>Their Redeemer, the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts:<br>I am the first and I am the last,<br>And there is no god but Me.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain.</i>Who like Me can announce,<br>Can foretell it—and match Me thereby?<br>Even as I told the future to an ancient people,<br>So let him foretell coming events to them.",
            "Do not be frightened, do not be shaken!<br>Have I not from of old predicted to you?<br>I foretold, and you are My witnesses.<br>Is there any god, then, but Me?<br>“There is no other rock; I know none!”<br>",
            "The makers of idols<br>All work to no purpose;<br>And the things they treasure<br>Can do no good,<br>As they themselves can testify.<br>They neither look nor think,<br>And so they shall be shamed.",
            "Who would fashion a god<br>Or cast a statue<br>That can do no good?",
            "Lo, all its adherents shall be shamed;<br>They are craftsmen, are merely human.<br>Let them all assemble and stand up!<br>They shall be cowed, and they shall be shamed.<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The meaning of parts of vv. 12–13 is uncertain.</i>The craftsman in iron, with his tools,<br>Works it<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the image he is making.</i> over charcoal<br>And fashions it by hammering,<br>Working with the strength of his arm.<br>Should he go hungry, his strength would ebb;<br>Should he drink no water, he would grow faint.<br>",
            "The craftsman in wood measures with a line<br>And marks out a shape with a stylus;<br>He forms it with scraping tools,<br>Marking it out with a compass.<br>He gives it a human form,<br>The beauty of a man, to dwell in a shrine.",
            "For his use he cuts down cedars;<br>He chooses plane trees and oaks.<br>He sets aside trees of the forest;<br>Or plants firs, and the rain makes them grow.",
            "All this serves man for fuel:<br>He takes some to warm himself,<br>And he builds a fire and bakes bread.<br>He also makes a god of it and worships it,<br>Fashions an idol and bows down to it!",
            "Part of it he burns in a fire:<br>On that part he roasts<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Transposing the Heb. verbs for clarity.</i> meat,<br>He eats<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Transposing the Heb. verbs for clarity.</i> the roast and is sated;<br>He also warms himself and cries, “Ah,<br>I am warm! I can feel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “see.”</i> the heat!”",
            "Of the rest he makes a god—his own carving!<br>He bows down to it, worships it;<br>He prays to it and cries,<br>“Save me, for you are my god!”<br>",
            "They have no wit or judgment:<br>Their eyes are besmeared, and they see not;<br>Their minds, and they cannot think.",
            "They do not give thought,<br>They lack the wit and judgment to say:<br>“Part of it I burned in a fire;<br>I also baked bread on the coals,<br>I roasted meat and ate it—<br>Should I make the rest an abhorrence?<br>Should I bow to a block of wood?”",
            "He pursues ashes!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “He shepherds ashes.”</i><br>A deluded mind has led him astray,<br>And he cannot save himself;<br>He never says to himself,<br>“The thing in my hand is a fraud!”",
            "Remember these things, O Jacob<br>For you, O Israel, are My servant:<br>I fashioned you, you are My servant—<br>O Israel, never forget Me.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “them,” these things.</i>",
            "I wipe away your sins like a cloud,<br>Your transgressions like mist—<br>Come back to Me, for I redeem you.<br>",
            "Shout, O heavens, for the L<small>ORD</small> has acted;<br>Shout aloud, O depths of the earth!<br>Shout for joy, O mountains,<br>O forests with all your trees!<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> has redeemed Jacob,<br>Has glorified Himself through Israel.<br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>, your Redeemer,<br>Who formed you in the womb:<br>It is I, the L<small>ORD</small>, who made everything,<br>Who alone stretched out the heavens<br>And unaided<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “with none beside me,” or (following many Heb. mss., kethib, and ancient versions) “who was with me?”</i> spread out the earth;",
            "Who annul the omens of diviners,<br>And make fools of the augurs;<br>Who turn sages back<br>And make nonsense of their knowledge;",
            "But confirm the word of My<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “His.”</i> servant<br>And fulfill the prediction of My<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “His.”</i> messengers.<br>It is I who say of Jerusalem, “It shall be inhabited,”<br>And of the towns of Judah, “They shall be rebuilt;<br>And I will restore their ruined places.”",
            "[I,] who said to the deep, “Be dry;<br>I will dry up your floods,”",
            "Am the same who says of Cyrus, “He is My shepherd;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the king whom I have designated.</i><br>He shall fulfill all My purposes!<br>He shall say of Jerusalem, ‘She shall be rebuilt,’<br>And to the Temple: ‘You shall be founded again.’”"
        ],
        [
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small> to Cyrus, His anointed one—<br>Whose right hand <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “I have.” Cf. note at 8.11.</i>He has<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> grasped,<br>Treading down nations before him,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., I made them helpless; one who wished to move freely belted his garment around the waist; cf. “engird,” v. 5.</i>Ungirding the loins of kings,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>Opening doors before him<br>And letting no gate stay shut:",
            "I will march before you<br>And level <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>the hills that loom up;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>I will shatter doors of bronze<br>And cut down iron bars.",
            "I will give you treasures concealed in the dark<br>And secret hoards—<br>So that you may know that it is I the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>The God of Israel, who call you by name.",
            "For the sake of My servant Jacob,<br>Israel My chosen one,<br>I call you by name,<br>I hail you by title, though you have not known Me.",
            "I am the L<small>ORD</small> and there is none else;<br>Beside Me, there is no god.<br>I engird you, though you have not known Me,",
            "So that they may know, from east to west,<br>That there is none but Me.<br>I am the L<small>ORD</small> and there is none else,",
            "I form light and create darkness,<br>I make weal and create woe—<br>I the L<small>ORD</small> do all these things.",
            "Pour down, O skies, from above!<br>Let the heavens rain down victory!<br>Let the earth open up and triumph sprout,<br>Yes, let vindication spring up:<br>I the L<small>ORD</small> have created it.<br>",
            "Shame on him who argues with his Maker,<br>Though naught but a potsherd of earth!<br>Shall the clay say to the potter, “What are you doing?<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “To its maker, ‘You have no hands’?”</i>Your work has no handles”?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "Shame on him who asks his father, “What are you begetting?”<br>Or a woman, “What are you bearing?”<br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Israel’s Holy One and Maker:<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. imperative.</i>Will you question Me<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> on the destiny of My children,<br>Will you instruct Me about the work of My hands?",
            "It was I who made the earth<br>And created man upon it;<br>My own hands stretched out the heavens,<br>And I marshaled all their host.",
            "It was I who roused him<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Cyrus.</i> for victory<br>And who level all roads for him.<br>He shall rebuild My city<br>And let My exiled people go<br>Without price and without payment<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts.<br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>Egypt’s wealth and Nubia’s gains<br>And Sabaites, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “bearing tribute.” For “tribute” cf. Ezra 4.20; 6.8; Neh. 5.4.</i>long of limb,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>Shall pass over to you and be yours,<br>Pass over and follow you in fetters,<br>Bow low to you<br>And reverently address you:<br>“Only among you is God,<br>There is no other god at all!",
            "You are indeed a God who concealed Himself,<br>O God of Israel, who bring victory!",
            "Those who fabricate idols,<br>All are shamed and disgraced;<br>To a man, they slink away in disgrace.",
            "But Israel has won through the L<small>ORD</small><br>Triumph everlasting.<br>You shall not be shamed or disgraced<br>In all the ages to come!”<br>",
            "For thus said the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>The Creator of heaven who alone is God,<br>Who formed the earth and made it,<br>Who alone established it—<br>He did not create it a waste,<br>But formed it for habitation:<br>I am the L<small>ORD</small>, and there is none else.",
            "I did not speak in secret,<br>At a site in a land of darkness;<br>I did not say to the stock of Jacob,<br>“Seek Me out in a wasteland”—<br>I the L<small>ORD</small>, who foretell reliably,<br>Who announce what is true.<br>",
            "Come, gather together,<br>Draw nigh, you remnants of the nations!<br>No foreknowledge had they who carry their wooden images<br>And pray to a god who cannot give success.",
            "Speak up, compare testimony—<br>Let them even take counsel together!<br>Who announced this aforetime,<br>Foretold it of old?<br>Was it not I the L<small>ORD</small>?<br>Then there is no god beside Me,<br>No God exists beside Me<br>Who foretells truly and grants success.",
            "Turn to Me and gain success,<br>All the ends of earth!<br>For I am God, and there is none else.",
            "By Myself have I sworn,<br>From My mouth has issued truth,<br>A word that shall not turn back:<br>To Me every knee shall bend,<br>Every tongue swear loyalty.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Only in the Lord / Are there victory and might for man.”</i>They shall say: “Only through the L<small>ORD</small><br>Can I find victory and might.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>When people <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “come to”; for this idiom cf. Ps. 65.3; Job 6.20.</i>trust in<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-i</sup> Him,<br>All their adversaries are put to shame.",
            "It is through the L<small>ORD</small> that all the offspring of Israel<br>Have vindication and glory.”"
        ],
        [
            "Bel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Babylonian deities.</i> is bowed, Nebo<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Babylonian deities.</i> is cowering,<br>Their images are a burden for beasts and cattle;<br>The things you<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “they.”</i> would carry [in procession]<br>Are now piled as a burden<br>On tired [beasts].",
            "They cowered, they bowed as well,<br>They could not rescue the burden,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “him who carried [them]”; cf. Targum.</i><br>And they themselves went into captivity.<br>",
            "Listen to Me, O House of Jacob,<br>All that are left of the House of Israel,<br>Who have been carried since birth,<br>Supported since leaving the womb:",
            "Till you grow old, I will still be the same;<br>When you turn gray, it is I who will carry;<br>I was the Maker, and I will be the Bearer;<br>And I will carry and rescue [you].<br>",
            "To whom can you compare Me<br>Or declare Me similar?<br>To whom can you liken Me,<br>So that we seem comparable?",
            "Those who squander gold from the purse<br>And weigh out silver on the balance,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “beam [of the balance].”</i><br>They hire a metal worker to make it into a god,<br>To which they bow down and prostrate themselves.",
            "They must carry it on their backs and transport it;<br>When they put it down, it stands,<br>It does not budge from its place.<br>If they cry out to it, it does not answer;<br>It cannot save them from their distress.",
            "Keep this in mind, and <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>stand firm!<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>Take this to heart, you sinners!",
            "Bear in mind what happened of old;<br>For I am God, and there is none else,<br>I am divine, and there is none like Me.",
            "I foretell the end from the beginning,<br>And from the start, things that had not occurred.<br>I say: My plan shall be fulfilled;<br>I will do all I have purposed.",
            "I summoned that swooping bird from the East;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Cyrus; cf. 41.2–3; 44.28–45.1.</i><br>From a distant land, the man for My purpose.<br>I have spoken, so I will bring it to pass;<br>I have designed it, so I will complete it.",
            "Listen to Me, you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Septuagint reads, “who have lost heart.”</i>stubborn of heart,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup><br>Who are far from victory:",
            "I am bringing My victory close;<br>It shall not be far,<br>And My triumph shall not be delayed.<br>I will grant triumph in Zion<br>To Israel, in whom I glory."
        ],
        [
            "Get down, sit in the dust,<br>Fair Maiden Babylon;<br>Sit, dethroned, on the ground,<br>O Fair Chaldea;<br>Nevermore shall they call you<br>The tender and dainty one.",
            "Grasp the handmill and grind meal.<br>Remove your veil,<br>Strip off your train, bare your leg,<br>Wade through the rivers.",
            "Your nakedness shall be uncovered,<br>And your shame shall be exposed.<br>I will take vengeance,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “And not be appeased, / Says our Redeemer, whose name is Lord of Hosts, / The Holy One of Israel.”</i>And let no man intercede.",
            "Our Redeemer—L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts is His name—<br>Is the Holy One of Israel.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>",
            "Sit silent; retire into darkness,<br>O Fair Chaldea;<br>Nevermore shall they call you<br>Mistress of Kingdoms.<br>",
            "I was angry at My people,<br>I defiled My heritage;<br>I put them into your hands,<br>But you showed them no mercy.<br>Even upon the aged you made<br>Your yoke exceedingly heavy.",
            "You thought, “I shall always be<br>The mistress still.”<br>You did not take these things to heart,<br>You gave no thought to the end of it.<br>",
            "And now hear this, O pampered one—<br>Who dwell in security,<br>Who think to yourself,<br>“I am, and there is none but me;<br>I shall not become a widow<br>Or know loss of children”—",
            "These two things shall come upon you,<br>Suddenly, in one day:<br>Loss of children and widowhood<br>Shall come upon you in full measure,<br>Despite your many enchantments<br>And all your countless spells.",
            "You were secure in your wickedness;<br>You thought, “No one can see me.”<br>It was your skill and your science<br>That led you astray.<br>And you thought to yourself,<br>“I am, and there is none but me.”",
            "Evil is coming upon you<br>Which you will not know how to <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “bribe.”</i>charm away;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>Disaster is falling upon you<br>Which you will not be able to appease;<br>Coming upon you suddenly<br>Is ruin of which you know nothing.",
            "Stand up, with your spells and your many enchantments<br>On which you labored since youth!<br>Perhaps you’ll be able to profit,<br>Perhaps you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking ‘araṣ as a variant of ‘aṣar; cf. 2 Chron. 20.37.</i>will find strength.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup>",
            "You are helpless, despite all your art.<br>Let them stand up and help you now,<br>The scanners<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> of heaven, the star-gazers,<br>Who announce, month by month,<br>Whatever will come upon you.",
            "See, they are become like straw,<br>Fire consumes them;<br>They cannot save themselves<br>From the power of the flame;<br>This is no coal for warming oneself,<br>No fire to sit by!",
            "This is what they have profited you—<br>The traders you dealt with since youth—<br>Each has wandered off his own way,<br>There is none to save you."
        ],
        [
            "Listen to this, O House of Jacob,<br>Who bear the name Israel<br>And have issued from the waters<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “loins.”</i> of Judah,<br>Who swear by the name of the L<small>ORD</small><br>And invoke the God of Israel—<br>Though not in truth and sincerity—",
            "For you<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “they.”</i> are called after <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “the holy people.”</i>the Holy City<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>And you<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “they.”</i> do lean on the God of Israel,<br>Whose name is L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts:<br>",
            "Long ago, I foretold things that happened,<br>From My mouth they issued, and I announced them;<br>Suddenly I acted, and they came to pass.",
            "Because I know how stubborn you are<br>(Your neck is like an iron sinew<br>And your forehead bronze),",
            "Therefore I told you long beforehand,<br>Announced things to you ere they happened—<br>That you might not say, “My idol caused them,<br>My carved and molten images ordained them.”",
            "You have <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>heard all this; look, must you not acknowledge it?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>As of now, I announce to you new things,<br>Well-guarded secrets you did not know.",
            "Only now are they created, and not of old;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Before today<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> you had not heard them;<br>You cannot say, “I knew them already.”",
            "You had never heard, you had never known,<br>Your ears were not opened of old.<br><br>Though I know that you are treacherous,<br>That you were called a rebel from birth,",
            "For the sake of My name I control My wrath;<br>To My own glory, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>I am patient<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> with you,<br>And I will not destroy you.",
            "See, I refine you, but not as silver;<br>I test you in the furnace of affliction.",
            "For My sake, My own sake, do I act—<br>Lest [My name]<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">These words are supplied in some ancient versions; cf. v. 9.</i> be dishonored!<br>I will not give My glory to another.<br>",
            "Listen to Me, O Jacob,<br>Israel, whom I have called:<br>I am He—I am the first,<br>And I am the last as well.",
            "My own hand founded the earth,<br>My right hand spread out the skies.<br><br>I call unto them, let them stand up.",
            "Assemble, all of you, and listen!<br>Who among you<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “them.”</i> foretold these things:<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>“He whom the L<small>ORD</small> loves<br>Shall work His will against Babylon,<br>And, with His might, against Chaldea”?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "I, I predicted, and I called him;<br>I have brought him and he shall succeed in his mission.",
            "Draw near to Me and hear this:<br>From the beginning, I did not speak in secret;<br>From the time anything existed, I was there.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., I foretold it through prophets.</i><br><br>“And now the Lord G<small>OD</small> has sent me, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “and His spirit.”</i>endowed with His spirit.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small> your Redeemer,<br>The Holy One of Israel:<br>I the L<small>ORD</small> am your God,<br>Instructing you for your own benefit.<br>Guiding you in the way you should go.",
            "If only you would heed My commands!<br>Then your prosperity would be like a river,<br>Your triumph like the waves of the sea.",
            "Your offspring would be as many as the sand,<br>Their issue as many as its grains.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i><br>Their name would never be cut off<br>Or obliterated from before Me.<br>",
            "Go forth from Babylon,<br>Flee from Chaldea!<br>Declare this with loud shouting,<br>Announce this,<br>Bring out the word to the ends of the earth!<br>Say: “The L<small>ORD</small> has redeemed<br>His servant Jacob!”",
            "They have known no thirst,<br>Though He led them through parched places;<br>He made water flow for them from the rock;<br>He cleaved the rock and water gushed forth.<br>",
            "There is no safety—said the L<small>ORD</small>—for the wicked."
        ],
        [
            "Listen, O coastlands, to me,<br>And give heed, O nations afar:<br>The L<small>ORD</small> appointed me before I was born,<br>He named me while I was in my mother’s womb.",
            "He made my mouth like a sharpened blade,<br>He hid me in the shadow of His hand,<br>And He made me like a polished arrow;<br>He concealed me in His quiver.",
            "And He said to me, “You are My servant,<br>Israel in whom I glory.”",
            "I thought, “I have labored in vain,<br>I have spent my strength for empty breath.”<br>But my case rested with the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>My recompense was in the hands of my God.",
            "And now the L<small>ORD</small> has resolved—<br>He who formed me in the womb to be His servant—<br>To bring back Jacob to Himself,<br>That Israel may be restored to Him.<br>And I have been honored in the sight of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>My God has been my strength.",
            "For He has said:<br>“It is too little that you should be My servant<br>In that I raise up the tribes of Jacob<br>And restore the survivors of Israel:<br>I will also make you a light<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the agent of good fortune; cf. 42.1–4; 51.4–5.</i> of nations,<br>That My salvation may reach the ends of the earth.”<br>",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>The Redeemer of Israel, his Holy One,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Whose being is despised, / Whose body is detested”; cf. 51.23.</i>To the despised one,<br>To the abhorred nations,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>To the slave of rulers:<br>Kings shall see and stand up;<br>Nobles, and they shall prostrate themselves—<br>To the honor of the L<small>ORD</small>, who is faithful,<br>To the Holy One of Israel who chose you.",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>In an hour of favor I answer you,<br>And on a day of salvation I help you—<br>I created you and appointed you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note b-b at 42.6.</i>a covenant people<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup>—<br>Restoring the land,<br>Allotting anew the desolate holdings,",
            "Saying to the prisoners, “Go free,”<br>To those who are in darkness, “Show yourselves.”<br>They shall pasture along the roads,<br>On every bare height shall be their pasture.",
            "They shall not hunger or thirst,<br>Hot wind and sun shall not strike them;<br>For He who loves them will lead them,<br>He will guide them to springs of water.",
            "I will make all My mountains a road,<br>And My highways shall be built up.",
            "Look! These are coming from afar,<br>These from the north and the west,<br>And these from the land of Sinim.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">1QIsa reads “the Syenians”; cf. Ezek. 30.6.</i>",
            "Shout, O heavens, and rejoice, O earth!<br>Break into shouting, O hills!<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> has comforted His people,<br>And has taken back His afflicted ones in love.<br>",
            "Zion says,<br>“The L<small>ORD</small> has forsaken me,<br>My Lord has forgotten me.”",
            "Can a woman forget her baby,<br>Or disown the child of her womb?<br>Though she might forget,<br>I never could forget you.",
            "See, I have engraved you<br>On the palms of My hands,<br>Your walls are ever before Me.",
            "Swiftly your children are coming;<br>Those who ravaged and ruined you shall leave you.",
            "Look up all around you and see:<br>They are all assembled, are come to you!<br>As I live<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>You shall don them all like jewels,<br>Deck yourself with them like a bride.",
            "As for your ruins and desolate places<br>And your land laid waste—<br>You shall soon be crowded with settlers,<br>While destroyers stay far from you.",
            "The children <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “of your bereavement.”</i>you thought you had lost<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>Shall yet say in your hearing,<br>“The place is too crowded for me;<br>Make room for me to settle.”",
            "And you will say to yourself,<br>“Who bore these for me<br>When I was bereaved and barren,<br>Exiled and disdained<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>—<br>By whom, then, were these reared?<br>I was left all alone—<br>And where have these been?”<br>",
            "Thus said the Lord G<small>OD</small>:<br>I will raise My hand to nations<br>And lift up My ensign to peoples;<br>And they shall bring your sons in their bosoms,<br>And carry your daughters on their backs.",
            "Kings shall tend your children,<br>Their queens shall serve you as nurses.<br>They shall bow to you, face to the ground,<br>And lick the dust of your feet.<br>And you shall know that I am the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>Those who trust in Me shall not be shamed.<br>",
            "Can spoil be taken from a warrior,<br>Or captives retrieved from a victor?",
            "Yet thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>Captives shall be taken from a warrior<br>And spoil shall be retrieved from a tyrant;<br>For <i>I </i>will contend with your adversaries,<br>And <i>I </i>will deliver your children.",
            "I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh,<br>They shall be drunk with their own blood as with wine.<br>And all mankind shall know<br>That I the L<small>ORD</small> am your Savior,<br>The Mighty One of Jacob, your Redeemer."
        ],
        [
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The mother (the country) has not been formally divorced, nor the children (the people) sold because of poverty. Therefore there is no obstacle to their restoration.</i>Where is the bill of divorce<br>Of your mother whom I dismissed?<br>And which of My creditors was it<br>To whom I sold you off?<br>You were only sold off for your sins,<br>And your mother dismissed for your crimes.",
            "Why, when I came, was no one there,<br>Why, when I called, would none respond?<br>Is my arm, then, too short to rescue,<br>Have I not the power to save?<br>With a mere rebuke I dry up the sea,<br>And turn rivers into desert.<br>Their fish stink from lack of water;<br>They lie dead <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “on the parched ground”; cf. 44.3.</i>of thirst.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup>",
            "I clothe the skies in blackness<br>And make their raiment sackcloth.<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>The Lord G<small>OD</small> gave me a skilled tongue,<br>To know how to speak timely words to the weary.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>Morning by morning, He rouses,<br>He rouses my ear<br>To give heed like disciples.",
            "The Lord G<small>OD</small> opened my ears,<br>And I did not disobey,<br>I did not run away.",
            "I offered my back to the floggers,<br>And my cheeks to those who tore out my hair.<br>I did not hide my face<br>From insult and spittle.",
            "But the Lord G<small>OD</small> will help me—<br>Therefore I feel no disgrace;<br>Therefore I have set my face like flint,<br>And I know I shall not be shamed.",
            "My Vindicator is at hand—<br>Who dares contend with me?<br>Let us stand up together!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., as opponents in court; cf. Num. 35.12.</i><br>Who would be my opponent?<br>Let him approach me!",
            "Lo, the Lord G<small>OD</small> will help me—<br>Who can get a verdict against me?<br>They shall all wear out like a garment,<br>The moth shall consume them.<br>",
            "Who among you reveres the L<small>ORD</small><br>And heeds the voice of His servant?—<br>Though he walk in darkness<br>And have no light,<br>Let him trust in the name of the L<small>ORD</small><br>And rely upon his God.",
            "But you are all kindlers of fire,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Lighters of.”</i>Girding on<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> firebrands.<br>Walk by the blaze of your fire,<br>By the brands that you have lit!<br>This has come to you from My hand:<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>You shall lie down in pain.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup>"
        ],
        [
            "Listen to Me, you who pursue justice,<br>You who seek the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>Look to the rock you were hewn from,<br>To the quarry you were dug from.",
            "Look back to Abraham your father<br>And to Sarah who brought you forth.<br>For he was only one when I called him,<br>But I blessed him and made him many.<br>",
            "Truly the L<small>ORD</small> has comforted Zion,<br>Comforted all her ruins;<br>He has made her wilderness like Eden,<br>Her desert like the Garden of the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>Gladness and joy shall abide there,<br>Thanksgiving and the sound of music.<br>",
            "Hearken to Me, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Several mss. read “O peoples…O nations”; cf. end of this verse and v. 5.</i>My people,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>And give ear to Me, O <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Several mss. read “O peoples…O nations”; cf. end of this verse and v. 5.</i>My nation,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>For teaching shall go forth<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., through My servant Israel; cf. 42.1–4; 49.6.</i> from Me,<br>My way for the light of peoples.<br>In a moment I will bring it:",
            "The triumph I grant is near,<br>The success I give has gone forth.<br>My arms shall <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “judge.”</i>provide for<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> the peoples;<br>The coastlands shall trust in Me,<br>They shall look to My arm.<br>",
            "Raise your eyes to the heavens,<br>And look upon the earth beneath:<br>Though the heavens should melt away like smoke,<br>And the earth wear out like a garment,<br>And its inhabitants die out <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “like gnats.”</i>as well,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>My victory shall stand forever,<br>My triumph shall remain unbroken.<br>",
            "Listen to Me, you who care for the right,<br>O people who lay My instruction to heart!<br>Fear not the insults of men,<br>And be not dismayed at their jeers;",
            "For the moth shall eat them up like a garment,<br>The worm<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. sas, another word for “moth.”</i> shall eat them up like wool.<br>But My triumph shall endure forever,<br>My salvation through all the ages.<br>",
            "Awake, awake, clothe yourself with splendor.<br>O arm of the L<small>ORD</small>!<br>Awake as in days of old,<br>As in former ages!<br>It was you that hacked Rahab<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Names of primeval monsters.</i> in pieces,<br>That pierced the Dragon.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Names of primeval monsters.</i>",
            "It was you that dried up the Sea,<br>The waters of the great deep;<br>That made the abysses of the Sea<br>A road the redeemed might walk.",
            "So let the ransomed of the L<small>ORD</small> return,<br>And come with shouting to Zion,<br>Crowned with joy everlasting.<br>Let them attain joy and gladness,<br>While sorrow and sighing flee.<br>",
            "I, I am He who comforts you!<br>What ails you that you fear<br>Man who must die,<br>Mortals who fare like grass?",
            "You have forgotten the L<small>ORD</small> your Maker,<br>Who stretched out the skies and made firm the earth!<br>And you live all day in constant dread<br>Because of the rage of an oppressor<br>Who is aiming to cut [you] down.<br>Yet of what account is the rage of an oppressor?",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain. Emendation yields (cf. Jer. 11.19; Job 14.7–9) “Quickly the tree buds anew; / It does not die though cut down, / And its sap does not fail.”</i>Quickly the crouching one is freed;<br>He is not cut down and slain,<br>And he shall not want for food.",
            "For I the L<small>ORD</small> your God—<br>Who stirs up the sea into roaring waves,<br>Whose name is L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts—",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., I have chosen you to be a prophet-nation; cf. 49.2; 59.21.</i>Have put My words in your mouth<br>And sheltered you with My hand;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>I, who planted<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “stretched out”; cf. Syriac version and v. 13.</i> the skies and made firm the earth,<br>Have said to Zion: You are My people!",
            "Rouse, rouse yourself!<br>Arise, O Jerusalem,<br>You who from the L<small>ORD</small>’s hand<br>Have drunk the cup of His wrath,<br>You who have drained to the dregs<br>The bowl, the cup of reeling!",
            "She has none to guide her<br>Of all the sons she bore;<br>None takes her by the hand,<br>Of all the sons she reared.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">To guide a drunken parent home was a recognized filial duty in ancient Canaan and Egypt.</i>",
            "These two things have befallen you:<br>Wrack and ruin—who can console you?<br>Famine and sword—<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Several ancient versions render “who can.”</i>how shall I<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-k</sup> comfort you?",
            "Your sons lie in a swoon<br>At the corner of every street—<br>Like an antelope caught in a net—<br>Drunk with the wrath of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>With the rebuke of your God.",
            "Therefore,<br>Listen to this, unhappy one,<br>Who are drunk, but not with wine!",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>, your Lord,<br>Your God who champions His people:<br>Herewith I take from your hand<br>The cup of reeling,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A figure of speech for a dire fate; cf. Jer. 25.15 ff.</i><br>The bowl, the cup of My wrath;<br>You shall never drink it again.",
            "I will put it in the hands of your tormentors,<br>Who have commanded you,<br>“Get down, that we may walk over you”—<br>So that you made your back like the ground,<br>Like a street for passersby."
        ],
        [
            "Awake, awake, O Zion!<br>Clothe yourself in splendor;<br>Put on your robes of majesty,<br>Jerusalem, holy city!<br>For the uncircumcised and the unclean<br>Shall never enter you again.",
            "Arise, shake off the dust,<br>Sit [on your throne], Jerusalem!<br>Loose the bonds from your neck,<br>O captive one, Fair Zion!<br>",
            "For thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>You were sold for no price,<br>And shall be redeemed without money.",
            "For thus said the Lord G<small>OD</small>:<br>Of old, My people went down<br>To Egypt to sojourn there;<br>But Assyria has robbed them,<br>Giving nothing in return.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Whereas the Israelites themselves sought hospitality in Egypt, Assyria (i.e., the Chaldean Empire) has exiled them by force.</i>",
            "What therefore do I gain here?<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>For My people has been carried off for nothing,<br>Their mockers howl<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>And constantly, unceasingly,<br>My name is reviled.",
            "Assuredly, My people shall learn My name,<br>Assuredly [they shall learn] on that day<br>That I, the One who promised,<br>Am now at hand.<br>",
            "How welcome on the mountain<br>Are the footsteps of the herald<br>Announcing happiness,<br>Heralding good fortune,<br>Announcing victory,<br>Telling Zion, “Your God is King!”",
            "Hark!<br>Your watchmen raise their voices,<br>As one they shout for joy;<br>For every eye shall behold<br>The L<small>ORD</small>’s return to Zion.",
            "Raise a shout together,<br>O ruins of Jerusalem!<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> will comfort His people,<br>Will redeem Jerusalem.",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> will bare His holy arm<br>In the sight of all the nations,<br>And the very ends of earth shall see<br>The victory of our God.<br>",
            "Turn, turn away, touch naught unclean<br>As you depart from there;<br>Keep pure, as you go forth from there,<br>You who bear the vessels of the L<small>ORD</small>!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Ezra 1.7–8; 5.14–15.</i>",
            "For you will not depart in haste,<br>Nor will you leave in flight;<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> is marching before you,<br>The God of Israel is your rear guard.<br>",
            "“Indeed, My servant shall prosper,<br>Be exalted and raised to great heights.",
            "Just as the many were appalled at him<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “you.”</i>—<br>So marred was his appearance, unlike that of man,<br>His form, beyond human semblance—",
            "Just so he shall startle<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> many nations.<br>Kings shall be silenced because of him,<br>For they shall see what has not been told them,<br>Shall behold what they never have heard.”"
        ],
        [
            "“Who can believe what we have heard?<br>Upon whom has <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the vindication which the arm of the Lord effects.</i>the arm of the L<small>ORD</small>-<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> been revealed?",
            "For he has grown, by His favor, like a tree crown,<br>Like a tree trunk out of arid ground.<br>He had no form or beauty, that we should look at him:<br>No charm, that we should find him pleasing.",
            "He was despised, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>shunned by men,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>A man of suffering, familiar with disease.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., as a leper; cf. Lev. 13.45 ff.</i>As one who hid his face from us,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>He was despised, we held him of no account.",
            "Yet it was our sickness that he was bearing,<br>Our suffering that he endured.<br>We accounted him plagued,<br>Smitten and afflicted by God;",
            "But he was wounded because of our sins,<br>Crushed because of our iniquities.<br>He bore the chastisement that made us whole,<br>And by his bruises we were healed.",
            "We all went astray like sheep,<br>Each going his own way;<br>And the L<small>ORD</small> visited upon him<br>The guilt of all of us.”<br>",
            "He was maltreated, yet he was submissive,<br>He did not open his mouth;<br>Like a sheep being led to slaughter,<br>Like a ewe, dumb before those who shear her,<br>He did not open his mouth.",
            "By oppressive judgment he was taken away,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Who could describe his abode?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>For he was cut off from the land of the living<br>Through the sin of my people, who deserved the punishment.",
            "And his grave was set among the wicked,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “And his tomb with evildoers.”</i>And with the rich, in his death<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>—<br>Though he had done no injustice<br>And had spoken no falsehood.",
            "But the L<small>ORD</small> chose to crush him <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>by disease,<br>That, if he made himself an offering for guilt,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>He might see offspring<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “His arm,” i.e., His vindication; cf. v. 1 with note.</i> and have long life,<br>And that through him the L<small>ORD</small>’s purpose might prosper.",
            "Out of his anguish he shall see it;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the arm of the Lord; see preceding note.</i><br>He shall enjoy it to the full through his devotion.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">For this sense of da‘ath see 11.2, 9.</i><br><br>“My righteous servant makes the many righteous,<br>It is their punishment that he bears;",
            "Assuredly, I will give him the many as his portion,<br>He shall receive the multitude as his spoil.<br>For he exposed himself to death<br>And was numbered among the sinners,<br>Whereas he bore the guilt of the many<br>And made intercession for sinners.”"
        ],
        [
            "Shout, O barren one,<br>You who bore no child!<br>Shout aloud for joy,<br>You who did not travail!<br>For the children of the wife forlorn<br>Shall outnumber those of the espoused<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "Enlarge the site of your tent,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “Let the cloths of your dwelling extend.”</i>Extend the size of your dwelling,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>Do not stint!<br>Lengthen the ropes, and drive the pegs firm.",
            "For you shall spread out to the right and the left;<br>Your offspring shall dispossess nations<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the foreigners who had occupied regions from which Israelites had been exiled; cf. 2 Kings 17.24.</i><br>And shall people the desolate towns.<br>",
            "Fear not, you shall not be shamed;<br>Do not cringe, you shall not be disgraced.<br>For you shall forget<br>The reproach of your youth,<br>And remember no more<br>The shame of your widowhood.",
            "For He who made you will espouse you—<br>His name is “L<small>ORD</small> of Hosts.”<br>The Holy One of Israel will redeem you—<br>He is called “God of all the Earth.”<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> has called you back<br>As a wife forlorn and forsaken.<br>Can one cast off the wife of his youth?<br>—said your God.",
            "For a little while I forsook you,<br>But with vast love I will bring you back.",
            "In slight anger, for a moment,<br>I hid My face from you;<br>But with kindness everlasting<br>I will take you back in love<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small> your Redeemer.",
            "For this to Me is like the waters<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Other Heb. mss. and the ancient versions read “days.”</i> of Noah:<br>As I swore that the waters of Noah<br>Nevermore would flood the earth,<br>So I swear that I will not<br>Be angry with you or rebuke you.",
            "For the mountains may move<br>And the hills be shaken,<br>But my loyalty shall never move from you,<br>Nor My covenant of friendship be shaken<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small>, who takes you back in love.<br>",
            "Unhappy, storm-tossed one, uncomforted!<br>I will lay carbuncles<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking pukh as a byform of nophekh; so already Rashi.</i> as your building stones<br>And make your foundations of sapphires.",
            "I will make your battlements of rubies,<br>Your gates of precious stones,<br>The whole encircling wall of gems.",
            "And all your children shall be disciples of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And great shall be the happiness of your children;",
            "You shall be established through righteousness.<br>You shall be safe from oppression,<br>And shall have no fear;<br>From ruin, and it shall not come near you.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of verse uncertain.</i>Surely no harm can be done<br>Without My consent:<br>Whoever would harm you<br>Shall fall because of you.",
            "It is I who created the smith<br>To fan the charcoal fire<br>And produce the tools for his work;<br>So it is I who create<br>The instruments of havoc.",
            "No weapon formed against you<br>Shall succeed,<br>And every tongue that contends with you at law<br>You shall defeat.<br>Such is the lot of the servants of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Such their triumph through Me<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>."
        ],
        [
            "Ho, all who are thirsty,<br>Come for water,<br>Even if you have no money;<br>Come, buy food and eat:<br>Buy food without money,<br>Wine and milk without cost.",
            "Why do you spend money for what is not bread,<br>Your earnings for what does not satisfy?<br>Give heed to Me,<br>And you shall eat choice food<br>And enjoy the richest viands.",
            "Incline your ear and come to Me;<br>Hearken, and you shall be revived.<br>And I will make with you an everlasting covenant,<br>The enduring loyalty promised to David.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. 2 Sam. 22.44–45 (Ps. 18.44–45).</i>As I made him a leader<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Targum; others “witness.”</i> of peoples,<br>A prince and commander of peoples,",
            "So you shall summon a nation you did not know,<br>And a nation that did not know you<br>Shall come running to you<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup>—<br>For the sake of the L<small>ORD</small> your God,<br>The Holy One of Israel who has glorified you.<br>",
            "Seek the L<small>ORD</small> while He can be found,<br>Call to Him while He is near.",
            "Let the wicked give up his ways,<br>The sinful man his plans;<br>Let him turn back to the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And He will pardon him;<br>To our God,<br>For He freely forgives.",
            "For My plans are not your plans,<br>Nor are My ways<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “words”; cf. v. 11 and 40.8.</i> your ways<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “words”; cf. v. 11 and 40.8.</i><br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "But as the heavens are high above the earth,<br>So are My ways<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “words”; cf. v. 11 and 40.8.</i> high above your ways<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “words”; cf. v. 11 and 40.8.</i><br>And My plans above your plans.",
            "For as the rain or snow drops from heaven<br>And returns not there,<br>But soaks the earth<br>And makes it bring forth vegetation,<br>Yielding <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “seed for the sower and bread for the eater.”</i>seed for sowing and bread for eating,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup>",
            "So is the word that issues from My mouth:<br>It does not come back to Me unfulfilled,<br>But performs what I purpose,<br>Achieves what I sent it to do.",
            "Yea, you shall leave<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., leave the Babylonian exile.</i> in joy and be led home secure.<br>Before you, mount and hill shall shout aloud,<br>And all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.",
            "Instead of the brier, a cypress shall rise;<br>Instead of the nettle, a myrtle shall rise.<br>These shall stand as a testimony to the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>As an everlasting sign that shall not perish."
        ],
        [
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>Observe what is right and do what is just;<br>For soon My salvation shall come,<br>And my deliverance be revealed.<br>",
            "Happy is the man who does this,<br>The man who holds fast to it:<br>Who keeps the sabbath and does not profane it,<br>And stays his hand from doing any evil.<br>",
            "Let not the foreigner say,<br>Who has attached himself to the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>“The L<small>ORD</small> will keep me apart from His people”;<br>And let not the eunuch say,<br>“I am a withered tree.”",
            "For thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>“As for the eunuchs who keep My sabbaths,<br>Who have chosen what I desire<br>And hold fast to My covenant—",
            "I will give them, in My House<br>And within My walls,<br>A monument and a name<br>Better than sons or daughters.<br>I will give them an everlasting name<br>Which shall not perish.",
            "As for the foreigners<br>Who attach themselves to the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>To minister to Him,<br>And to love the name of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>To be His servants—<br>All who keep the sabbath and do not profane it,<br>And who hold fast to My covenant—",
            "I will bring them to My sacred mount<br>And let them rejoice in My house of prayer.<br>Their burnt offerings and sacrifices<br>Shall be welcome on My altar;<br>For My House shall be called<br>A house of prayer for all peoples.”",
            "Thus declares the Lord G<small>OD</small>,<br>Who gathers the dispersed of Israel:<br>“I will gather still more to those already gathered.”<br>",
            "All you wild beasts, come and devour,<br>All you beasts of the forest!",
            "The<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “his.”</i> watchmen are blind, all of them,<br>They perceive nothing.<br>They are all dumb dogs<br>That cannot bark;<br>They lie sprawling,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i><br>They love to drowse.",
            "Moreover, the dogs are greedy;<br>They never know satiety.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Neither do the shepherds ever know sufficiency (hon).” Cf. hon in Prov. 30.15, 16.</i>As for the shepherds, they know not<br>What it is to give heed.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>Everyone has turned his own way,<br>Every last one seeks his own advantage.",
            "“Come, I’ll get some wine;<br>Let us swill liquor.<br>And tomorrow will be just the same,<br>Or even much grander!”"
        ],
        [
            "The righteous man perishes,<br>And no one considers;<br>Pious men are taken away,<br>And no one gives thought<br>That because of evil<br>The righteous was taken away.",
            "Yet he shall come to peace,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “They shall have rest on their couches.”</i>He shall have rest on his couch<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>Who walked straightforward.<br>",
            "But as for you, come closer,<br>You sons of a sorceress,<br>You offspring of an adulterer and a harlot!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “she acts the harlot.”</i>",
            "With whom do you act so familiarly?<br>At whom do you open your mouth<br>And stick out your tongue?<br>Why, you are children of iniquity,<br>Offspring of treachery—",
            "You who inflame<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., in some frenzied idolatrous rite.</i> yourselves<br>Among the terebinths,<br>Under every verdant tree;<br>Who slaughter children in the wadis,<br>Among<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “under.”</i> the clefts of the rocks.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>With such<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The cult-trees referred to above in v. 5.</i> are your share and portion,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>They, they are your allotment;<br>To them you have poured out libations,<br>Presented offerings.<br>Should I relent in the face of this?<br>",
            "On a high and lofty hill<br>You have set your couch;<br>There, too, you have gone up<br>To perform sacrifices.",
            "Behind the door and doorpost<br>You have directed your thoughts;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>Abandoning Me, you have gone up<br>On the couch you made so wide.<br>You have made a covenant with them,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The cult-trees referred to above in v. 5.</i><br>You have loved bedding with them;<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., with the objects behind door and doorpost.</i><br>You have chosen lust.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Like Ugaritic yd, from root ydd, “to love.”</i>",
            "You have approached<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup> the king<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “Molech.”</i> with oil,<br>You have provided many perfumes.<br>And you have sent your envoys afar,<br>Even down to the netherworld.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., you have brought tribute to alien cults as to a king.</i>",
            "Though wearied by much travel,<br>You never said, “I give up!”<br>You found gratification for your lust,<br>And so you never cared.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Them you dreaded and feared, / And so you gave them thought.”</i>Whom do you dread and fear,<br>That you tell lies?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-k</sup><br>But you gave no thought to Me,<br>You paid no heed.<br>It is because I have stood idly by <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “and shut My eyes.”</i>so long<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-l</sup><br>That you have no fear of Me.",
            "I hereby pronounce <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “your retribution and your deeds.”</i>judgment upon your deeds:<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-m</sup><br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought up from v. 13 for clarity.</i>Your assorted [idols]<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup> shall not avail you,",
            "Shall not save you when you cry out.<br>They shall all be borne off by the wind,<br>Snatched away by a breeze.<br>But those who trust in Me shall inherit the land<br>And possess My sacred mount.",
            "[The L<small>ORD</small>] says:<br>Build up, build up a highway!<br>Clear a road!<br>Remove all obstacles<br>From the road of My people!",
            "For thus said He who high aloft<br>Forever dwells, whose name is holy:<br>I dwell on high, in holiness;<br>Yet with the contrite and the lowly in spirit—<br>Reviving the spirits of the lowly,<br>Reviving the hearts of the contrite.",
            "For I will not always contend,<br>I will not be angry forever:<br>Nay, I <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>who make spirits flag,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup><br>Also create the breath of life.",
            "For their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">o</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., Israel’s. Cf. “My people,” v. 14.</i> sinful greed I was angry;<br>I struck them and turned away in My wrath.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">p</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “When they have walked broken in the contrition of their hearts.”</i>Though stubborn, they follow the way of their hearts,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-p</sup>",
            "I note how they fare and will heal them:<br>I will guide them and mete out solace to them,<br>And to the mourners among them",
            "heartening,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">q</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “the vigor of”; cf. Eccl. 12.1 and postbiblical bori.</i> comforting<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">r</sup><i class=\"footnote\">The Heb. nib is otherwise unknown; its meaning is inferred from that of nid (cf. the verb nad “to condole”) in the parallel expres-sion in Job 16.5.</i> words:<br>It shall be well,<br>Well with the far and the near<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>And I will heal them.",
            "But the wicked are like the troubled sea<br>Which cannot rest,<br>Whose waters toss up mire and mud.",
            "There is no safety<br>—said my God—<br>For the wicked."
        ],
        [
            "Cry with full throat, without restraint;<br>Raise your voice like a ram’s horn!<br>Declare to My people their transgression,<br>To the House of Jacob their sin.<br>",
            "To be sure, they seek Me daily,<br>Eager to learn My ways.<br>Like a nation that does what is right,<br>That has not abandoned the laws of its God,<br>They ask Me for the right way,<br>They are eager for the nearness of God:",
            "“Why, when we fasted, did You not see?<br>When we starved our bodies, did You pay no heed?”<br>Because on your fast day<br>You see to your business<br>And oppress all your laborers!",
            "Because you fast in strife and contention,<br>And you strike with a wicked fist!<br>Your fasting today is not such<br>As to make your voice heard on high.",
            "Is such the fast I desire,<br>A day for men to starve their bodies?<br>Is it bowing the head like a bulrush<br>And lying in sackcloth and ashes?<br>Do you call that a fast,<br>A day when the L<small>ORD</small> is favorable?",
            "No, this is the fast I desire:<br>To unlock fetters of wickedness,<br>And untie the cords of <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “lawlessness”; cf. mut·t·eh, Ezek. 9.9.</i>the yoke<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup><br>To let the oppressed go free;<br>To break off every yoke.",
            "It is to share your bread with the hungry,<br>And to take the wretched poor into your home;<br>When you see the naked, to clothe him,<br>And not to ignore your own kin.<br>",
            "Then shall your light burst through like the dawn<br>And your healing spring up quickly;<br>Your Vindicator shall march before you,<br>The Presence of the L<small>ORD</small> shall be your rear guard.",
            "Then, when you call, the L<small>ORD</small> will answer;<br>When you cry, He will say: Here I am.<br>If you banish the yoke<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “lawlessness”; cf. mut·t·eh, Ezek. 9.9.</i> from your midst,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “Extending the finger.”</i>The menacing hand,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup> and evil speech,",
            "And you offer your compassion<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Some Heb. mss. and ancient versions read “bread.”</i> to the hungry<br>And satisfy the famished creature—<br>Then shall your light shine in darkness,<br>And your gloom shall be like noonday.",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> will guide you always;<br>He will slake your thirst in <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>parched places<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup><br>And give strength to your bones.<br>You shall be like a watered garden,<br>Like a spring whose waters do not fail.",
            "Men from your midst shall rebuild ancient ruins,<br>You shall restore foundations laid long ago.<br>And you shall be called<br>“Repairer of fallen walls,<br>Restorer of lanes for habitation.”",
            "If you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “turn back your foot from.”</i>refrain from trampling<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> the sabbath,<br>From pursuing your affairs on My holy day;<br>If you call the sabbath “delight,”<br>The L<small>ORD</small>’s holy day “honored”;<br>And if you honor it and go not your ways<br>Nor look to your affairs, nor strike bargains—",
            "Then you <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Ps. 37.4; Job 22.26–27; 27.10.</i>can seek the favor of the L<small>ORD</small>.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup><br>I will set you astride the heights of the earth,<br>And let you enjoy the heritage of your father Jacob—<br>For the mouth of the L<small>ORD</small> has spoken."
        ],
        [
            "No, the L<small>ORD</small>’s arm is not too short to save,<br>Or His ear too dull to hear;",
            "But your iniquities have been a barrier<br>Between you and your God,<br>Your sins have made Him turn His face away<br>And refuse to hear you.",
            "For your hands are defiled with crime<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or “blood.”</i><br>And your fingers with iniquity.<br>Your lips speak falsehood,<br>Your tongue utters treachery.",
            "No one sues justly<br>Or pleads honestly;<br>They rely on emptiness and speak falsehood,<br>Conceiving wrong and begetting evil.<br>",
            "They hatch adder’s eggs<br>And weave spider webs;<br>He who eats of those eggs will die,<br>And if one is crushed, it hatches out a viper.",
            "Their webs will not serve as a garment,<br>What they make cannot serve as clothing;<br>Their deeds are deeds of mischief,<br>Their hands commit lawless acts,",
            "Their feet run after evil,<br>They hasten to shed the blood of the innocent.<br>Their plans are plans of mischief,<br>Destructiveness and injury are on their roads.",
            "They do not care for the way of integrity,<br>There is no justice on their paths.<br>They make their courses crooked,<br>No one who walks in them cares for integrity.<br>",
            "“That is why redress is far from us,<br>And vindication does not reach us.<br>We hope for light, and lo! there is darkness;<br>For a gleam, and we must walk in gloom.",
            "We grope, like blind men along a wall;<br>Like those without eyes we grope.<br>We stumble at noon, as if in darkness;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “In the daytime…”</i>Among the sturdy, we are<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup> like the dead.",
            "We all growl like bears<br>And moan like doves.<br>We hope for redress, and there is none;<br>For victory, and it is far from us.",
            "For our many sins are before You,<br>Our guilt testifies against us.<br>We are aware of our sins,<br>And we know well our iniquities:",
            "Rebellion, faithlessness to the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And turning away from our God,<br>Planning fraud and treachery,<br>Conceiving lies and uttering them with the throat.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “heart”; see note at 33.18 and frequently elsewhere.</i>",
            "And so redress is turned back<br>And vindication stays afar,<br>Because honesty stumbles in the public square<br>And uprightness cannot enter.",
            "Honesty has been lacking,<br>He who turns away from evil is despoiled.”<br><br>The L<small>ORD</small> saw and was displeased<br>That there was no redress.",
            "He saw that there was no man,<br>He gazed long, but no one intervened.<br>Then His own arm won Him triumph,<br>His victorious right hand<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Ps. 98.1–2.</i> supported Him.",
            "He donned victory like a coat of mail,<br>With a helmet of triumph on His head;<br>He clothed Himself with garments of retribution,<br>Wrapped himself in zeal as in a robe.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>According to their deserts,<br>So shall He repay<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-e</sup> fury to His foes;<br>He shall make requital to His enemies,<br>Requital to the distant lands.",
            "From the west, they shall revere<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Or (with a number of mss. and editions) “see.”</i> the name of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And from the east, His Presence.<br>For He shall come like a hemmed-in stream<br>Which the wind of the L<small>ORD</small> drives on;",
            "He shall come as redeemer to Zion,<br>To those in Jacob who turn back from sin<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>",
            "And this shall be My covenant with them, said the L<small>ORD</small>: My spirit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the gift of prophecy; cf., e.g., 61.1.</i> which is upon you, and the words which I have placed in your mouth, shall not be absent from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your children, nor from the mouth of your children’s children—said the L<small>ORD</small>—from now on, for all time.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Israel is to be a prophet-nation; cf. 51.16.</i>"
        ],
        [
            "Arise, shine, for your light has dawned;<br>The Presence of the L<small>ORD</small> has shone upon you!",
            "Behold! Darkness shall cover the earth,<br>And thick clouds the peoples;<br>But upon you the L<small>ORD</small> will shine,<br>And His Presence be seen over you.",
            "And nations shall walk by your light,<br>Kings, by your shining radiance.<br>",
            "Raise your eyes and look about:<br>They have all gathered and come to you.<br>Your sons shall be brought from afar,<br>Your daughters like babes on shoulders.",
            "As you behold, you will glow;<br>Your heart will throb and thrill—<br>For the wealth of the sea<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “coastlands.”</i> shall pass on to you,<br>The riches of nations shall flow to you.",
            "Dust clouds of camels shall cover you,<br>Dromedaries of Midian and Ephah.<br>They all shall come from Sheba;<br>They shall bear gold and frankincense,<br>And shall herald the glories of the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "All the flocks of Kedar shall be assembled for you,<br>The rams of Nebaioth shall serve your needs;<br>They shall be welcome offerings on My altar,<br>And I will add glory to My glorious House.<br>",
            "Who are these that float like a cloud,<br>Like doves to their cotes?",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “The vessels of the coastlands are gathering.”</i>Behold, the coastlands await me,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>With <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note at 2.16.</i>ships of Tarshish<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> in the lead,<br>To bring your sons from afar,<br>And their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., of the people of the coastlands.</i> silver and gold as well—<br>For the name of the L<small>ORD</small> your God,<br>For the Holy One of Israel, who has glorified you.",
            "Aliens shall rebuild your walls,<br>Their kings shall wait upon you—<br>For in anger I struck you down,<br>But in favor I take you back.",
            "Your gates shall always stay open—<br>Day and night they shall never be shut—<br>To let in the wealth of the nations,<br>With their kings in procession.<br>",
            "For the nation or the kingdom<br>That does not serve you shall perish;<br>Such nations shall be destroyed.<br>",
            "The majesty of Lebanon shall come to you—<br>Cypress and pine and box—<br>To adorn the site of My Sanctuary,<br>To glorify the place where My feet rest.<br>",
            "Bowing before you, shall come<br>The children of those who tormented you;<br>Prostrate at the soles of your feet<br>Shall be all those who reviled you;<br>And you shall be called<br>“City of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Zion of the Holy One of Israel.”",
            "Whereas you have been forsaken,<br>Rejected, with none passing through,<br>I will make you a pride everlasting,<br>A joy for age after age.",
            "You shall suck the milk of the nations,<br>Suckle at royal breasts.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “breasts of kings” or “breasts of kingdoms.”</i><br>And you shall know<br>That I the L<small>ORD</small> am your Savior,<br>I, The Mighty One of Jacob, am your Redeemer.",
            "Instead of copper I will bring gold,<br>Instead of iron I will bring silver;<br>Instead of wood, copper;<br>And instead of stone, iron.<br>And I will appoint Well-being as your government,<br>Prosperity as your officials.",
            "The cry “Violence!”<br>Shall no more be heard in your land,<br>Nor “Wrack and ruin!”<br>Within your borders.<br>And you shall name your walls “Victory”<br>And your gates “Renown.”<br>",
            "No longer shall you need the sun<br>For light by day,<br>Nor the shining of the moon<br>For radiance [by night<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So 1QIsa, Septuagint, and Targum.</i>];<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> shall be your light everlasting,<br>Your God shall be your glory.",
            "Your sun shall set no more,<br>Your moon no more withdraw;<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> shall be a light to you forever,<br>And your days of mourning shall be ended.",
            "And your people, all of them righteous,<br>Shall possess the land for all time;<br>They are the shoot that I planted,<br>My handiwork in which I glory.",
            "The smallest shall become a clan;<br>The least, a mighty nation.<br>I the L<small>ORD</small> will speed it in due time."
        ],
        [
            "The spirit of the Lord G<small>OD</small> is upon me,<br>Because the L<small>ORD</small> has anointed me;<br>He has sent me as a herald of joy to the humble,<br>To bind up the wounded of heart,<br>To proclaim release to the captives,<br>Liberation to the imprisoned;",
            "To proclaim a year of the L<small>ORD</small>’s favor<br>And a day of vindication by our God;<br>To comfort all who mourn—",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>To provide for<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> the mourners in Zion—<br>To give them a turban instead of ashes,<br>The festive ointment instead of mourning,<br>A garment of splendor instead of a drooping spirit.<br>They shall be called terebinths of victory,<br>Planted by the L<small>ORD</small> for His glory.",
            "And they shall build the ancient ruins,<br>Raise up the desolations of old,<br>And renew the ruined cities,<br>The desolations of many ages.",
            "Strangers shall stand and pasture your flocks,<br>Aliens shall be your plowmen and vine-trimmers;",
            "While you shall be called “Priests of the L<small>ORD</small>,”<br>And termed “Servants of our God.”<br>You shall enjoy the wealth of nations<br>And revel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> in their riches.",
            "Because your shame was double—<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “They inherited disgrace as their portion.”</i>Men cried, “Disgrace is their portion”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup>—<br>Assuredly,<br>They shall have a double share in their land,<br>Joy shall be theirs for all time.",
            "For I the L<small>ORD</small> love justice,<br>I hate <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “the robbing of wages.”</i>robbery with a burnt offering.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup><br>I will pay them their wages faithfully,<br>And make a covenant with them for all time.",
            "Their offspring shall be known among the nations,<br>Their descendants in the midst of the peoples.<br>All who see them shall recognize<br>That they are a stock the L<small>ORD</small> has blessed.<br>",
            "I greatly rejoice in the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>My whole being exults in my God.<br>For He has clothed me with garments of triumph,<br>Wrapped me in a robe of victory,<br>Like a bridegroom adorned with a turban,<br>Like a bride bedecked with her finery.",
            "For as the earth brings forth her growth<br>And a garden makes the seed shoot up,<br>So the Lord G<small>OD</small> will make<br>Victory and renown shoot up<br>In the presence of all the nations."
        ],
        [
            "For the sake of Zion I will not be silent,<br>For the sake of Jerusalem I will not be still,<br>Till her victory emerge resplendent<br>And her triumph like a flaming torch.",
            "Nations shall see your victory,<br>And every king your majesty;<br>And you shall be called by a new name<br>Which the L<small>ORD</small> Himself shall bestow.",
            "You shall be a glorious crown<br>In the hand of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And a royal diadem<br>In the palm of your God.<br>",
            "Nevermore shall you be called “Forsaken,”<br>Nor shall your land be called “Desolate”;<br>But you shall be called “I delight in her,”<br>And your land “Espoused.”<br>For the L<small>ORD</small> takes delight in you,<br>And your land shall be espoused.",
            "As a youth espouses a maiden,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “He who rebuilds you.”</i>Your sons<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> shall espouse you;<br>And as a bridegroom rejoices over his bride,<br>So will your God rejoice over you.<br>",
            "Upon your walls, O Jerusalem,<br>I have set watchmen,<br>Who shall never be silent<br>By day or by night.<br>O you, the L<small>ORD</small>’s remembrancers,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., the watchmen just mentioned.</i><br>Take no rest",
            "And give no rest to Him,<br>Until He establish Jerusalem<br>And make her renowned on earth.<br>",
            "The L<small>ORD</small> has sworn by His right hand,<br>By His mighty arm:<br>Nevermore will I give your new grain<br>To your enemies for food,<br>Nor shall foreigners drink the new wine<br>For which you have labored.",
            "But those who harvest it shall eat it<br>And give praise to the L<small>ORD</small>;<br>And those who gather it shall drink it<br>In My sacred courts.",
            "Pass through, pass through the gates!<br>Clear the road for the people;<br>Build up, build up the highway,<br>Remove the rocks!<br>Raise an ensign over the peoples!",
            "See, the L<small>ORD</small> has proclaimed<br>To the end of the earth:<br>Announce to Fair Zion,<br>Your Deliverer is coming!<br>See, his reward is with Him,<br>His recompense before Him.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note at 40.10.</i>",
            "And they shall be called, “The Holy People,<br>The Redeemed of the L<small>ORD</small>,”<br>And you shall be called, “Sought Out,<br>A City Not Forsaken.”"
        ],
        [
            "Who is this coming from Edom,<br>In crimsoned garments from Bozrah—<br>Who is this, majestic in attire,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “striding.”</i>Pressing forward<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> in His great might?<br>“It is I, who contend victoriously,<br>Powerful to <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Change of vocalization yields “Who contest triumphantly”; cf. 19.20.</i>give triumph.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>",
            "Why is your clothing so red,<br>Your garments like his who treads grapes?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “in a press.”</i>",
            "“I trod out a vintage alone;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Peoples, and…”</i>Of the peoples<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> no man was with Me.<br>I trod them down in My anger,<br>Trampled them in My rage;<br>Their life-blood<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i> bespattered My garments,<br>And all My clothing was stained.",
            "For I had planned a day of vengeance,<br>And My year of redemption arrived.",
            "Then I looked, but there was none to help;<br>I stared, but there was none to aid—<br>So My own arm wrought the triumph,<br>And <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Many mss. read weṣidqathi “My victorious [right hand]”; cf. 59.16.</i>My own rage<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup> was My aid.",
            "I trampled peoples in My anger,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Many mss. and Targum read “I shattered them in”; cf. 14.25.</i>I made them drunk with<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-g</sup> My rage,<br>And I hurled their glory to the ground.”<br>",
            "I will recount the kind acts of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>The praises of the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>For all that the L<small>ORD</small> has wrought for us,<br>The vast bounty to the House of Israel<br>That He bestowed upon them<br>According to His mercy and His great kindness.",
            "He thought: Surely they are My people,<br>Children who will not play false.<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ancient versions read “So He was their Deliverer / 9In all their troubles. / No [so kethib] angel or messenger, / His own Presence delivered them.” Cf. Deut. 4.37 and note.</i>So He was their Deliverer.",
            "In all their troubles He was troubled,<br>And the angel of His Presence delivered them.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup><br>In His love and pity<br>He Himself redeemed them,<br>Raised them, and exalted them<br>All the days of old.",
            "But they rebelled, and grieved<br>His holy spirit;<br>Then He became their enemy,<br>And Himself made war against them.",
            "Then they<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “he.”</i> remembered the ancient days,<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. moshe ‘ammo, a play on the name Moshe (Moses).</i>Him, who pulled His people<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup> out [of the water]:<br>“Where is He who brought them up from the Sea<br>Along with the shepherd<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So many mss. and ancient versions; other texts “shepherds.”</i> of His flock?<br>Where is He who put<br>In their midst His holy spirit,",
            "Who made His glorious arm<br>March at the right hand of Moses,<br>Who divided the waters before them<br>To make Himself a name for all time,",
            "Who led them through the deeps<br>So that they did not stumble—<br>As a horse in a desert,",
            "Like a beast descending to the plain?”<br>’Twas the spirit of the L<small>ORD</small> <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">l</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “guided them.”</i>gave them rest;<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-l</sup><br>Thus did You shepherd Your people<br>To win for Yourself a glorious name.<br>",
            "Look down from heaven and see,<br>From Your holy and glorious height!<br>Where is Your zeal, Your power?<br>Your yearning and Your love<br>Are being withheld from us!<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">m</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “me.” Emendation yields “[Where are] Your yearning and Your love? / Let them not be restrained!”</i>",
            "Surely You are our Father:<br>Though Abraham regard us not,<br>And Israel recognize us not,<br>You, O L<small>ORD</small>, are our Father;<br>From of old, Your name is “Our Redeemer.”",
            "Why, L<small>ORD</small>, do You make us stray from Your ways,<br>And turn our hearts away from revering You?<br>Relent for the sake of Your servants,<br>The tribes that are Your very own!",
            "Our foes have trampled Your Sanctuary,<br>Which Your holy people <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">n</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>possessed but a little while.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-n</sup>",
            "We have become as a people You never ruled,<br>To which Your name was never attached.<br>If You would but tear open the heavens and come down,<br>So that mountains would quake before<br>You—"
        ],
        [
            "<i></i><i></i>As when fire kindles brushwood,<br>And fire makes water boil—<br>To make Your name known to Your adversaries<br>So that nations will tremble at Your Presence,",
            "When You did wonders we dared not hope for,<br>You came down<br>And mountains quaked before You.",
            "Such things had never been heard or noted.<br>No eye has seen [them], O God, but You,<br>Who act for those who trust in You.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “Him.”</i>",
            "Yet you have struck him who would gladly do justice,<br>And remember You in Your ways.<br>It is because You are angry that we have sinned;<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Because You have hidden Yourself we have offended.” For the thought cf. 63.17.</i>We have been steeped in them from of old,<br>And can we be saved?<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup>",
            "We have all become like an unclean thing,<br>And all our virtues like a filthy rag.<br>We are all withering like leaves,<br>And our iniquities, like a wind, carry us off.",
            "Yet no one invokes Your name,<br>Rouses himself to cling to You.<br>For You have hidden Your face from us,<br>And <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “delivered us into the hands of…”</i>made us melt because of<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-d</sup> our iniquities.",
            "But now, O L<small>ORD</small>, You are our Father;<br>We are the clay, and You are the Potter,<br>We are all the work of Your hands.",
            "Be not implacably angry, O L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Do not remember iniquity forever.<br>Oh, look down to Your people, to us all!",
            "Your holy cities have become a desert:<br>Zion has become a desert,<br>Jerusalem a desolation.",
            "Our holy Temple, our pride,<br>Where our fathers praised You,<br>Has been consumed by fire:<br>And all that was dear to us is ruined.",
            "At such things will You restrain Yourself, O L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Will You stand idly by and let us suffer so heavily?"
        ],
        [
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “I let Myself be inquired of…”</i>I responded to<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-a</sup> those who did not ask,<br>I was at hand to those who did not seek Me;<br>I said, “Here I am, here I am,”<br>To a nation that did not invoke My name.",
            "I constantly spread out My hands<br>To a disloyal people,<br>Who walk the way that is not good,<br>Following their own designs;",
            "The people who provoke My anger,<br>Who continually, to My very face,<br>Sacrifice in gardens and burn incense on tiles;",
            "Who sit inside tombs<br>And pass the night in secret places;<br>Who eat the flesh of swine,<br>With broth of unclean things in their bowls;",
            "Who say, “Keep your distance! Don’t come closer!<br><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking qedashtikha as equivalent to qiddashtikha, cf. Ezek. 44.19; others “For I am holier than thou.”</i>For I would render you consecrated.”<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-b</sup><br>Such things make My anger rage,<br>Like fire blazing all day long.",
            "See, this is recorded before Me;<br>I will not stand idly by, but will repay,<br>Deliver <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Brought up from v. 7 for clarity.</i>their<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. “your.”</i> sins<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-c</sup> into their bosom,",
            "And the sins of their fathers as well<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>For they made offerings upon the mountains<br>And affronted Me upon the hills.<br>I will count out their recompense in full,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Taking rishonah as equivalent to beroshah; cf. Lev. 5.24; Jer. 16.18. Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i><br>Into their bosoms.",
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>As, when new wine is present in the cluster,<br>One says, “Don’t destroy it; there’s good in it,”<br>So will I do for the sake of My servants,<br>And not destroy everything.",
            "I will bring forth offspring from Jacob,<br>From Judah heirs to My mountains;<br>My chosen ones shall take possession,<br>My servants shall dwell thereon.",
            "Sharon<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “Jeshimon,” the bleak southeast corner of the Jordan Valley; cf. Num. 21.20; 23.8.</i> shall become a pasture for flocks,<br>And the Valley of Achor a place for cattle to lie down,<br>For My people who seek Me.<br>",
            "But as for you who forsake the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>Who ignore My holy mountain,<br>Who set a table for Luck<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Names of heathen deities.</i><br>And fill a mixing bowl for Destiny:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Names of heathen deities.</i>",
            "I will destine you for the sword,<br>You will all kneel down, to be slaughtered—<br>Because, when I called, you did not answer,<br>When I spoke, you would not listen.<br>You did what I hold evil,<br>And chose what I do not want.<br>",
            "Assuredly, thus said the Lord G<small>OD</small>:<br>My servants shall eat, and you shall hunger;<br>My servants shall drink, and you shall thirst;<br>My servants shall rejoice, and you shall be shamed;",
            "My servants shall shout in gladness,<br>And you shall cry out in anguish,<br>Howling in heartbreak.",
            "You shall leave behind a name<br>By which My chosen ones shall curse:<br>“So may the Lord G<small>OD</small> slay you!”<br>But His servants shall be given a <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">I.e., a name to be used in blessing.</i>different name.<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup>",
            "For whoever blesses himself in the land<br>Shall bless himself by the true God;<br>And whoever swears in the land<br>Shall swear by the true God.<br>The former troubles shall be forgotten,<br>Shall be hidden from My eyes.<br>",
            "For behold! I am creating<br>A new heaven and a new earth;<br>The former things shall not be remembered,<br>They shall never come to mind.",
            "Be glad, then, and rejoice forever<br>In what I am creating.<br>For I shall create Jerusalem as a joy,<br>And her people as a delight;",
            "And I will rejoice in Jerusalem<br>And delight in her people.<br>Never again shall be heard there<br>The sounds of weeping and wailing.",
            "No more shall there be an infant or graybeard<br>Who does not live out his days.<br>He who dies at a hundred years<br>Shall be reckoned a youth,<br>And he who fails to reach a hundred<br>Shall be reckoned accursed.",
            "They shall build houses and dwell in them,<br>They shall plant vineyards and enjoy their fruit.",
            "They shall not build for others to dwell in,<br>Or plant for others to enjoy.<br>For the days of My people shall be<br>As long as the days of a tree,<br>My chosen ones shall outlive<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">i</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “wear out.”</i><br>The work of their hands.",
            "They shall not toil to no purpose;<br>They shall not bear children <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">j</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Emendation yields “in vain.”</i>for terror,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-j</sup><br>But they shall be a people blessed by the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>And their offspring shall remain with them.",
            "Before they pray, I will answer;<br>While they are still speaking, I will respond.",
            "The wolf and the lamb shall graze together,<br>And the lion shall eat straw like the ox,<br>And the serpent’s food shall be earth.<br>In all My sacred mount<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">k</sup><i class=\"footnote\">See note at 11.9.</i><br>Nothing evil or vile shall be done<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small>."
        ],
        [
            "Thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>The heaven is My throne<br>And the earth is My footstool:<br>Where could you build a house for Me,<br>What place could serve as My abode?",
            "All this was made by My hand,<br>And thus it all came into being<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>Yet to such a one I look:<br>To the poor and brokenhearted,<br>Who is concerned about My word.<br>",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">a</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vv. 3–4 refer to practitioners of idolatrous rites; cf. v. 17 and 57.5–8; 65.1–12.</i>As for those who slaughter oxen and slay humans,<br>Who sacrifice sheep and immolate<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">b</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “break the necks of.”</i> dogs,<br>Who present as oblation the blood of swine,<br>Who offer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">c</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Heb. mazkir refers to giving the “token portion” (’azkarah); cf. Lev. 2.2, etc.</i> incense and worship false gods—<br>Just as they have chosen their ways<br>And take pleasure in their abominations,",
            "So will I choose to mock them,<br>To bring on them the very thing they dread.<br>For I called and none responded,<br>I spoke and none paid heed.<br>They did what I deem evil<br>And chose what I do not want.<br>",
            "Hear the word of the L<small>ORD</small>,<br>You who are concerned about His word!<br>Your kinsmen who hate you,<br>Who spurn you because of Me,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">d</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lit. “My name.”</i> are saying,<br>“Let the L<small>ORD</small> manifest His Presence,<br>So that we may look upon your joy.”<br>But theirs shall be the shame.",
            "Hark, tumult from the city,<br>Thunder from the Temple!<br>It is the thunder of the L<small>ORD</small><br>As He deals retribution to His foes.<br>",
            "Before she labored, she was delivered;<br>Before her pangs came, she bore a son.",
            "Who ever heard the like?<br>Who ever witnessed such events?<br>Can a land pass through travail<br>In a single day?<br>Or is a nation born<br>All at once?<br>Yet Zion travailed<br>And at once bore her children!",
            "Shall I who bring on labor not bring about birth?<br>—says the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>Shall I who cause birth shut the womb?<br>—said your God.",
            "Rejoice with Jerusalem and be glad for her,<br>All you who love her!<br>Join in her jubilation,<br>All you who mourned over her—",
            "That you may suck from her breast<br>Consolation to the full,<br>That you may draw from her bosom<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">e</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Akkadiam z™†zu, Arabic z™†zat, “udder.”</i><br>Glory to your delight.<br>",
            "For thus said the L<small>ORD</small>:<br>I will extend to her<br>Prosperity like a stream,<br>The wealth of nations<br>Like a wadi in flood;<br>And you shall drink of it.<br>You shall be carried on shoulders<br>And dandled upon knees.",
            "As a mother comforts her son<br>So I will comfort you;<br>You shall find comfort in Jerusalem.",
            "You shall see and your heart shall rejoice,<br>Your limbs shall flourish like grass.<br>The power of the L<small>ORD</small> shall be revealed<br>In behalf of His servants;<br>But He shall rage against His foes.<br>",
            "See, the L<small>ORD</small> is coming with fire—<br>His chariots are like a whirlwind—<br>To vent His anger in fury,<br>His rebuke in flaming fire.",
            "For with fire will the L<small>ORD</small> contend,<br>With His sword, against all flesh;<br>And many shall be the slain of the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>",
            "Those who sanctify and purify themselves to enter the groves, <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">f</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Meaning of Heb. uncertain.</i>imitating one in the center,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-f</sup> eating the flesh of the swine, the reptile, and the mouse, shall one and all come to an end—declares the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">g</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Exact construction of this verse uncertain; for the insertions in brackets, cf. Kimhi.</i>For I [know] their deeds and purposes.<br><br>[The time] has come to gather all the nations and tongues; they shall come and behold My glory.",
            "I will set a sign among them, and send from them survivors to the nations: to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud—that draw the bow—to Tubal, Javan, and the distant coasts, that have never heard My fame nor beheld My glory. They shall declare My glory among these nations.",
            "And out of all the nations, said the L<small>ORD</small>, they shall bring all your brothers on horses, in chariots and drays, on mules and dromedaries, to Jerusalem My holy mountain as an offering to the L<small>ORD</small>—just as the Israelites bring an offering in a pure vessel to the House of the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "And from them likewise I will take some to be <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">h</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Some Heb. mss. read “priests and Levites.”</i>levitical priests,<sup class=\"endFootnote\">-h</sup> said the L<small>ORD</small>.<br>",
            "For as the new heaven and the new earth<br>Which I will make<br>Shall endure by My will<br>—declares the L<small>ORD</small>—<br>So shall your seed and your name endure.",
            "And new moon after new moon,<br>And sabbath after sabbath,<br>All flesh shall come to worship Me<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small>.",
            "They shall go out and gaze<br>On the corpses of the men who rebelled against Me:<br>Their worms shall not die,<br>Nor their fire be quenched;<br>They shall be a horror<br>To all flesh.<br><br><small>And new moon after new moon,<br>And sabbath after sabbath,<br>All flesh shall come to worship Me<br>—said the L<small>ORD</small>.</small>"
        ]
    ],
    "sectionNames": [
        "Chapter",
        "Verse"
    ]
}