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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- JH976/Perovskite-RL
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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- JH976/Perovskite-RL
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---
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---
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license: other
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language:
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- en
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library_name: transformers
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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base_model: Qwen/Qwen3-32B
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tags:
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- perovskite
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- materials-science
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- solar-cells
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- additive-engineering
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- sft
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- grpo
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- qwen3
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---
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# Perovskite-RL
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Perovskite-RL is a domain-adapted large language model for perovskite solar-cell additive engineering. It is trained to reason about additive molecules, defect passivation, crystallization modulation, interfacial protection, ion migration, electronic effects, and stability-related mechanisms.
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## Model Details
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- **Base model:** Qwen3-32B
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- **Training pipeline:** supervised fine-tuning followed by GRPO reinforcement learning
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- **Training framework:** ms-swift / Transformers / PEFT
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- **Primary domain:** perovskite photovoltaics and molecular additive design
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## Training Data
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Perovskite-RL was trained using curated perovskite-additive reasoning data.
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- **SFT training set:** 90,749 examples
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- **SFT validation set:** 1,000 examples
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- **GRPO dataset:** 5,800 examples
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The data include literature-derived mechanism reasoning, molecular-property reasoning, and additive-selection tasks.
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## Training Procedure
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### SFT
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The base model was first fine-tuned with LoRA on instruction-response examples for perovskite additive reasoning.
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Key settings:
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- LoRA fine-tuning
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- Learning rate: `3e-5`
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- Epochs: `2`
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- Batch size per device: `1`
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- Gradient accumulation: `16`
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- Scheduler: cosine
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- Seed: `42`
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### GRPO
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The SFT model was further optimized with GRPO using reward signals designed for mechanism-aware additive selection.
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Key settings:
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- GRPO
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- LoRA rank: `16`
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- LoRA alpha: `32`
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- LoRA dropout: `0.05`
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- Learning rate: `2e-5`
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- Epochs: `1`
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- Number of generations: `8`
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- Max length: `8192`
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- Reward focus: answer correctness, format compliance, content recall, and reasoning quality
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## Evaluation
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On the mechanism-consistency benchmark:
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| Model | Accuracy |
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|---|---:|
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| Perovskite-RL | 25 / 32, 78.1% |
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The benchmark tests whether a model can identify paper-specific mechanistic explanations rather than relying only on generic materials-science priors.
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## Intended Use
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Perovskite-RL is intended for research use in:
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- perovskite additive mechanism analysis
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- molecular additive hypothesis generation
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- mechanistic descriptor generation
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- literature-based reasoning for perovskite photovoltaics
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- assisting computational screening workflows
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## Limitations
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- The model is not a substitute for experimental validation.
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- Generated additive suggestions may be chemically invalid, commercially unavailable, or experimentally unsuitable.
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- The model may overstate mechanistic confidence when evidence is incomplete.
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- Use outputs as hypotheses, not final scientific conclusions.
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## Citation
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Citation information will be added after the manuscript is publicly available.
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