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- ---
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- library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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- ## Model Details
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- ### Model Description
 
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
 
 
 
 
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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- ### Direct Use
 
 
 
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
 
 
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Training Details
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- ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- ### Results
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- **APA:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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+ This is a text classification model, fully fine-tuned from a ` allenai/scibert_scivocab_uncased`. It re-uses the main BERT model and fits an ordinal regression head on the `[CLS]` token. The model is fine-tuned on the certainty labels collected in [Wurl et al (2024): _Understanding Fine-Grained Distortions in Reports for Scientific Finding_](https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-acl.369/). The authors originally collect certainty annotations from humans using a 4-point Likert Scale ranging from (1) Uncertain to (4) Certain. Because the resulting datasets suffer from severe class imbalance, we merge the classes (1) Uncertain and (2) Somewhat Uncertain.
 
 
 
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+ ### Dataset Statistics
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+ There are 1330 examples in the training set and 334 in the test set.
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+ Each example is a sentence long.
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+ Examples are filtered from the [copenlu/spiced](https://huggingface.co/datasets/copenlu/spiced) dataset to exhibit final score greater or equal than 4.
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+ The original base rates are as follows:
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+ | Class | Base Rate in Training set | Base Rate in Test set |
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+ | ----- | ------------------------- | --------------------- |
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+ | 0 - Uncertain | 5.5970 | 7.1856 |
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+ | 1 - Somewhat Uncertain | 15.2985 | 17.6647 |
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+ | 2 - Somewhat Certain | 32.3881 | 33.2335 |
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+ | 3 - Certain | 46.7164 | 41.9162 |
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+ After combining classes 0 and 1, we obtain the base rates below. Note that this mimicks the procedure adopted in the original paper.
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+ | Class | Base Rate in Training set | Base Rate in Test set |
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+ | ----- | ------------------------- | --------------------- |
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+ | 0 - Uncertain | 20.8955 | 24.8503 |
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+ | 1 - Somewhat Certain | 32.3881 | 33.2335 |
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+ | 2 - Certain | 46.7164 | 41.9162 |
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+ ### Hyperparameter Optimization
 
 
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+ The published model represents one of the 29 models different configurations. The selected model maximizes Quadratic Weighted Kappa (implemented using [cohen_kappa with quadratic weights](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.metrics.cohen_kappa_score.html)), which is better adapted to ordinal problems, such as ordinal scales. Under this metric, a random model would score 0. We adopt this metric as opposed to accuracy or macro F1 to address class imbalances.
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+ Here is the classification report and test set metrics:
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+ ```
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+ 17:44:36 INFO test loss=0.9565 acc=0.578 QWK=0.5004
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+ 17:44:36 INFO
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+ precision recall f1-score support
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+ 0 0.58 0.51 0.54 83
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+ 1 0.47 0.46 0.46 111
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+ 2 0.65 0.71 0.68 140
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+ accuracy 0.58 334
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+ macro avg 0.57 0.56 0.56 334
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+ weighted avg 0.57 0.58 0.57 334
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+ ```
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+ We conduct a hyperparameter sweep of the following hyperp
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+ - Freeze / Unfreeze
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+ - LR: 1e-6 through 1e-3
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+ - Batch Size: 16, 32
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+ - Hidden Size Dimensions: 256, 128
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+ - Warmup Ratio: 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3
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+ - Epochs 30 (with patience)
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+ ## Usage
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer
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+ model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("cbelem/scibert-certainty-ordinal", trust_remote_code=True)
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("cbelem/scibert-certainty-ordinal", trust_remote_code=True)
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+ ```
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